...Compulsory Conscription World War II marked the last war that received full American support. The draft, known today as compulsory conscription, was an integral part of that war. Seventy percent of American men aged 18 to 35 served. The common experience shared amongst these men created lifetime friendships for an entire generation. No other conflict since then has come close to producing such national unification and pride of citizenry. So states Charles Moskos, late professor of sociology for Northwestern University, recipient of the Distinguished Service Award for the U.S. Army, and a draftee for the U.S. Army Combat Engineers (Moskos). Currently, however, according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the official estimate of the American veteran population is approximately 24,816,000 (“Veteran”). Total U.S. population exceeds 301 million people (“The New Boomers”). In other words, the ratio of veterans to the total U.S. population is less than 10%. Comparison of these figures reflects that American enlistment ratios in the U.S. Armed forces have decreased dramatically since World War II. The U.S. is a dominant military force in the world today; however, it also has allies that it must help protect and defend in the name of democracy. As a result of the above, American forces are involved in multi-theater (or diverse worldwide) roles, both simultaneously and continuously, thus spreading out our troops over diverse areas. Additionally, the extended war on terrorism...
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...support. The draft, known today as compulsory conscription, was an integral part of that war. Seventy percent of American men aged 18 to 35 served. The common experience shared amongst these men created lifetime friendships for an entire generation. No other conflict since then has come close to producing such national unification and pride of citizenry. So states Charles Moskos, late professor of sociology for Northwestern University, recipient of the Distinguished Service Award for the U.S. Army, and a draftee for the U.S. Army Combat Engineers (Moskos). Currently, however, according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the official estimate of the American veteran population is approximately 24,816,000 (“Veteran”). Total U.S. population exceeds 301 million people (“The New Boomers”). In other words, the ratio of veterans to the total U.S. population is less than 10%. Comparison of these figures reflects that American enlistment ratios in the U.S. Armed forces have decreased dramatically since World War II. The U.S. is a dominant military force in the world today; however, it also has allies that it must help protect and defend in the name of democracy. As a result of the above, American forces are involved in multi-theater (or diverse worldwide) roles, both simultaneously and continuously, thus spreading out our troops over diverse areas. Additionally, the extended war on terrorism continues to deplete American military forces, and international news reflects American...
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...Reinstating Compulsory Conscription World War II marked the last war that received full American support. The draft, known today as compulsory conscription, was an integral part of that war. Seventy percent of American men aged 18 to 35 served. The common experience shared amongst these men created lifetime friendships for an entire generation. No other conflict since then has come close to producing such national unification and pride of citizenry. So states Charles Moskos, late professor of sociology for Northwestern University, recipient of the Distinguished Service Award for the U.S. Army, and a draftee for the U.S. Army Combat Engineers (Moskos). Currently, however, according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the official estimate of the American veteran population is approximately 24,816,000 (“Veteran”). Total U.S. population exceeds 301 million people (“The New Boomers”). In other words, the ratio of veterans to the total U.S. population is less than 10%. Comparison of these figures reflects that American enlistment ratios in the U.S. Armed forces have decreased dramatically since World War II. The U.S. is a dominant military force in the world today; however, it also has allies that it must help protect and defend in the name of democracy. As a result of the above, American forces are involved in multi-theater (or diverse worldwide) roles, both simultaneously and continuously, thus spreading out our troops over diverse areas. Additionally, the extended war...
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...Should Military Service Be Mandatory in the United States? Angela R. Jewell Non Commissioned Officer Academy – Advance Leader Course # 13-003 Should Military Service be Mandatory in the United States? In the world today, there is approximately fifty percent of countries that mandate their citizens to serve in their military for an extended period of time. Those countries that do require their citizens to serve base it on the simple fact that they need to be ready for war AT a moments notice and if all their citizens know how to fight they will succeed in any battle in which they are placed. Israel, Brazil, South Korea, Mexico, Germany, and Russia are some examples of democratic countries that require their citizens to serve the national government, not just in the military, in order to mold a better-quality adult in today’s world. With any serious subject that is being considered for implementation, there are those who believe that such an action would be beneficial to any country and those that deem it would do nothing but tear down a society and what a country stands for. As this topic is debated in the United States, both sides need to seriously consider if the implementation of national service helps build the patriotism of its young, if it helps in solving some of the social ills that plague society, and how it develops the character of the individuals that serves. After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the United States of America came together in...
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...Abstract The question on whether the United States military should be based on a conscription style of enlistment has been debated for many years. The US has had several instances where conscription, or “draft” as it was referred to a few times, was enacted to supplement troop numbers during a period of conflict. Some proponents for conscription believe it would be a benefit to the military, where others believe it would cause more problems than it solved. This paper discusses some of the pro's and con's of conscription and discusses whether or not this is a good thing for the country or whether some sort of “modified” version of it would be more palatable and effective. Perhaps the “if it's not broken don't fix it” adage applies here. To Conscript, or not to Conscript How would you feel if it were mandatory for you to serve in the United States military? Would you have an issue with it or simply feel it was your patriotic duty? Many people across the country believe that the armed forces should have a conscription service enacted to require citizens 18 years old and up to serve (for a specific time, opinions vary) vice the voluntary system used today. This is largely due to people thinking today's youth need to feel ownership in their country and to know what it's like to have to defend our principles and way of life. Basically, having “skin in the game” so to speak. Proponents feel that a “modified” conscription service would cure the ails of the...
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...serve two years of military service, and as we continue to face military conflicts across the country, some have proposed that the United States adopt a similar policy of mandatory conscription. I agree that a two-year period of national service should be compulsory for all youth people. Teens shouldn’t have to go and serve two or more years in the military service, for many different kinds of reasons. First, I disagree, I have thought about this for a while, and I disagree with the claim about teens going to the military. I’m a teen myself, and that is not the only reason why I disagree. Teens could go to college right out of high school, and they would have to go to...
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...“... Young men are resisting conscription and refusing military service. They are pioneers in a warless world” (Albert Einstein). In 1940 the Selective Training and Service act was put into power causing the nation’s first military draft. Within one month after the law was passed, all men that were ranging from 21-36 years of age were obligated to sign up for the draft. In recent years this age has been changed to men ranging from 18-26 years of age. America should not have the draft anymore. In 1940 president Franklin D, Roosevelt signed the “Selective Service and Training Act”. This act empowered the President of the United States, to draft soldiers. The act was abolished in 1973 when the Vietnam War was coming to an end. Even though there is no draft, men are still forced to sign up for it. There are severe penalties that men have to suffer if they refuse to enlist in the draft. This is unfair to the men of America that have no desire to fight....
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...Summary An Amendment calling for mandatory military service after high school graduation should be passed to help all students be successful upon graduation. Military services should be allowed to recruit in high schools which would give high risk students an opportunity to be successful. Besides, it offers students who will not attend college a way to gain skills as well as provide an opportunity for low-income students a way to pay for college. If the government does not allow military services to help educate students about their options after graduation, it will be doing an injustice to the future generations leaving a child left behind. Make a difference in the future and someone’s life and allow the military services to recruit in high schools. There are many benefits that people take for granted daily that many would do not worry about in the military. Health care is not a topic many 18-year-olds think about because the majority are still covered by their parents to the age of 21 and sometimes further than that with the right plan (Simon and Lovrich 372). Enrolling in the military service is a feasible option to earn money, gain technical skills and training as well as leadership skill that will assist one for the rest of his or her life. One of the difficulties in getting a job fresh out of college is lack of experience consistent with the working knowledge in their field. After the compulsory military service, the students will have the technical skills and aptitude...
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...the state legislatures. The second method has never been used. Ratification can occur by one of two methods: (1) by a positive vote in three-fourths, of the legislatures of the various states or (2) by special conventions called in the states and a positive in three-fourths of them. The second method has been used only once, to repeal Prohibition (the ban on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages). That situation was exceptional prohibitionist forces were in control of the legislatures in many states where a majority of the population actually supported repeal. Nevertheless, congress has considered more than eleven thousand amendments to the Constitution. Only thirty-three amendments have been submitted to the states after having been approved by the required two-thirds vote in each chamber of congress, and only twenty-seven have been ratified. It should be clear that the amendment process is very difficult. Because of competing social and economic interests, the requirement that two-thirds of both the House and the Senate approved the amendments is hard to achieve. Likewise, I would alter the constitution by (1). Term Limits to members of the U.S. House and Senate (4 terms {2-year terms} =House; 2 terms {6-year terms} =Senate). This shouldn't apply to incumbents at the date of ratification. (2) Resubmit the Death Penalty Abolition Amendment (a proposed Amendment to the US Constitution in 1992, but it failed): The death penalty shall not be imposed by the United States...
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...we as citizen’s to bear personal responsibility for defending them. And yet, today, while our nation continues to fight war on several fronts and must regularly contemplate new military interventions and increased domestic threats, less than 0.5 percent of our population serves in our armed forces. (Eikenberry & Kennedy) Futhermore, this minute percentage “ ... is disproportionately composed of racial, ethnic, and other demographic minorities.” (Kennedy) In part because of this gross disparity, few americans are forced shoulder any true sacrifice from our military actions. Not only is the familial sacrifice of having a loved one serve no longer widespread but the majority of us bear not the tanglible daily realization of being at war that past generations have known, including materials rationing. Even anti-war protests—like those that were a hallmark of our Vietnam War era—are less visible since we have moved to an all volunteer army. This lack of respresentational and fair accountability on our citizenry translates into less accountability on the part of the parties that govern our policies and therefore our military. This rift between those that serve, those that feel any effect and those that make military decisions is an argument for why we are ethically bound to require some mandatory service of our citizens, to reinstate the draft. Responsibility of citizenry/Social...
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...sociopolitical nature of military desertion. However, there has been one point of general agreement in Canadian courts, it is that individuals who desert merely out of fear of combat or dislike of the military are not refugees (ZOLF, ATES); there has been preferential treatment...
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...place between 1950 and 1953 involved the most powerful countries in the world at the time who engaged in one of most important wars on the Korean Peninsula. In the Korean War almost led to eruption of a third world war. This is the only war that brought together the military forces of the United States, the Soviet Union, the People’s Republic of China and the Korean forces in a combat (Malkasian, 2009). The Korean War involved two major issues; that is, political control of Korea and power struggle between the East Asia versus the rest of the world. The war changed affected and consequently changed how the East and the west interacted with one another (Malkasian, 2009). After Korea was liberated from Japanese colonial rule following the end of the Second World War, it got divided and occupied by the Soviet Union and the United States of America. The two countries were the major superpowers at the time. They occupied the north and the south respectively (Jang, 2010). The two great nations had conspicuously differing ideologies and this factor led to formation of two different governments in Korea in the year 1948. The south formed the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK), with the support of the United States under the leadership of Syngman Rhee. The northern side on the other hand was supported by the Soviet Union to form the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) which was headed by Kim Il-sung (Jang, 2010). One thing which was common amongst the two leaders is...
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...foodservice operations by Sungmin Hyun A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Foodservice and Lodging Management Program of Study Committee: Haemoon Oh, Co-major Professor Robert H. Bosselman, Co-major Professor Miyoung Jeong Mack C Shelley Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2009 UMI Number: 1464349 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ______________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 1464349 Copyright 2009 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. _______________________________________________________________ ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Purpose of the Study 1.3 Significance of the Study 1.4 Definition of Terms CHAPTER...
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...español History and Society Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Debunked: The Polio Vaccine and HIV Link Development of the Immunization Schedule Disease Eradication Ethical Issues and Vaccines History of Anti-vaccination Movements Influenza Pandemics Scientific Method in Vaccine History The History of the Lyme Disease Vaccine U.S. Military and Vaccine History Vaccination Exemptions Vaccine Injury Compensation Programs Vaccine Testing & Vulnerable Human Subjects Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Public opinions about vaccination include varied and deepseated beliefs, a result of the tension between divergent cultural viewpoints and value systems. Several key cultural perspectives on vaccination stem from (1) individual rights and public health stances toward vaccination, (2) various religious standpoints and vaccine objections, and (3) suspicion and mistrust of vaccines among different U.S. and global cultures and communities. Individual versus Public Health Stances Many countries require their citizens to receive certain immunizations. In the United States, state laws dictate mandatory vaccinations, such as those required for children to enter school.[1] Controversies over the efficacy, safety, and morality of compulsory immunization stem from the longstanding tension between two, sometimes divergent, goals: protecting individual liberties and safeguarding the public’s health.[2] USAID/Mohammed Jiya-Doko Enlarge Polio survivors...
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...During the period of 1861-1865 that is commonly known as the Civil War, both the northern and the confederate states exhibited variegated forms of what it means to be civilized. At the bottom of it, the Civil War exhibited the most bloodshed on American soil at a singular point in time. For this reason it must be stated that both The Union and The Confederates both acted out bloodthirsty and carnal impulses. The difference that was displayed was that the liberalism and regard for expanded civil rights that was the basis for The Union’s war stance was countered by a stalwart reactionary ideological platform that The Confederacy clung to. Essentially, civility was at an all-time low during the bloodshed of the Civil war. Over 500,000 lives were claimed, however the etiquette and ideological platforms of both sides proved to be The old world charm of the South was encapsulated by John Mosby and his revenge against a Union trooper killing a young child in front of the child’s mother. Mosby exclaimed that revenge was not a primary, or even a secondary motivation. He honestly believed that he had to kill in order to stop the killing (Civil War Times, 31). This etiquette and honor displayed during the bloodshed was in contradistinction to the crass and needless killing committed by the Union soldier. This shows how oftentimes ideologies can mask the deeper, truer feelings and...
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