...“Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40)”. I agree to some extent about the statement above and that human factors can affect the impact of an earthquake hazard. A hazard is an object or process that has the potential to cause harm. Ground shaking, ground displacement and flooding are some of the hazards that are produced during an earthquake. In relation to the question above the type and severity of the impact can be affected by physical factors (such as the magnitude and frequency of the quake) as well as human factors (population density and education). I will be discussing the question using the following case studies, Sichuan, Indonesia and L’Aquila. On the 12th May 2008 an earthquake occurred at 2:28pm in Sichuan because the pressure resulting from the Indian plate colliding with the Eurasian was sent along the Longmenshan fault line that runs through Sichuan. The earthquake lasted 120 seconds and reached 7.9 on the Richter scale, one of the deadliest to strike China in recent years and its effects were felt as far away as Taiwan, Thailand and Bangladesh. Although the area has a long history of tectonic activity, it seems it was not prepared for an event of this magnitude. With a population consisting of 87.26m people the death toll stood at nearly 70 thousand along with 374,000 people injured and 5m left homeless. Making this Chinas worst earthquake since 1976 when 240,000 people were killed in Tangshan. Even...
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...“Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40)”. I agree to some extent about the statement above and that human factors can affect the impact of an earthquake hazard. A hazard is an object or process that has the potential to cause harm. Ground shaking, ground displacement and flooding are some of the hazards that are produced during an earthquake. In relation to the question above the type and severity of the impact can be affected by physical factors (such as the magnitude and frequency of the quake) as well as human factors (population density and education). I will be discussing the question using the following case studies, Sichuan, Indonesia and L’Aquila. On the 12th May 2008 an earthquake occurred at 2:28pm in Sichuan because the pressure resulting from the Indian plate colliding with the Eurasian was sent along the Longmenshan fault line that runs through Sichuan. The earthquake lasted 120 seconds and reached 7.9 on the Richter scale, one of the deadliest to strike China in recent years and its effects were felt as far away as Taiwan, Thailand and Bangladesh. Although the area has a long history of tectonic activity, it seems it was not prepared for an event of this magnitude. With a population consisting of 87.26m people the death toll stood at nearly 70 thousand along with 374,000 people injured and 5m left homeless. Making this Chinas worst earthquake since 1976 when 240,000 people were killed in Tangshan. Even...
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...extent can preparedness and planning mitigate the effects of earthquakes? Whittow in 1980 defines a hazard as a “perceived natural event which has the potential to threaten both life and property, and a disaster is the realisation of this hazard.” Earth hazards can therefore include all natural events including earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding and mass movement. Due to the very nature of these events “mitigating” (measures taken to reduce the impacts of a hazard beforehand) can be more successful for hazards such as volcanoes which are arguably more predicable than earthquakes and flash flooding. Despite the advances over the past few decades there is no “magic bullet” (Dr Charles Connor) in earth hazard prediction, and therefore mitigation – and the success remains very much dependent upon a number of factors including money available, and the number of vulnerable individuals. Firstly, earthquakes, which are caused by sudden movements of the earth’s crust which result in violent shaking, liquefaction, and in extreme cases tsunamis, can to an extent be prepared for and mitigated for, and this is where money is being channelled into. Preparation and planning involves the retrofitting of buildings to create “earthquake-resistant” societies, aseismic design features (including concrete and steel frames to provide stability), as well as planning exclusion zones and evacuation routes in the case of an earthquake. Earthquake prediction is very closely linked to preparedness as if an event...
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...Earthquakes happen rarely and when they do, they cause a lot of damage to both the geology of the area and the geography. They are the most powerful natural forces that can happen at any time. Geologists and scientists define earthquakes as vibrations of the earth's surface that occurs as a result of a release of energy in the earth's crust. The plates of the earth are constantly moving and small earthquakes can occur more often but they are not felt. When these plates slide past one another or collide into each other, large and violent earthquakes occur. These large earthquakes mostly focus on the meeting points of two plates but can also be focused on the faults that develop in the earth’s crust when the plates move. These faults can be normal meaning there is a hanging and a low bell fault, a reverse fault which is nearly horizontal or the strike slip fault which is a horizontal fault. All these can cause an earthquake but the most intense earthquake happens when blocks of the rock get locked together due to intense friction that results during movement. This builds up pressure with the continued attempt of the rocks to move thus causing an earthquake in the long run. Once the energy gets to the epicenter, the released energy spreads across the surface as rings (Richter 1958). The main shaking created by the released energy is accompanied by foreshocks which increase the earthquake magnitude leading to the earthquake and aftershocks which decrease the earthquake strength...
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...Are the social impacts of an earthquake more important than the economic impacts? This case study will explore evidence in favour and against and then come to a overall conclusion based on the evidence to answer the question of should we spend more money on social impacts of an earthquake or the economic impacts of an earthquake. An earthquake is the sometimes violent shaking of the ground caused by movements of Earth's tectonic plates. Most earthquakes occur along fault lines, which is where two tectonic plates come together. Earthquakes strike suddenly and violently and can occur at any time, day or night, throughout the year. Smaller earthquakes might crack some windows and shake products off store shelves, but larger earthquakes can cause death and massive destruction, devastating communities and tend to weaken local economies. Arguments for the economic impacts of an earthquake. The earthquake hazard poses the most serious intermediate term risk to the health, safety, and economic viability of many parts of the United States and throughout the world. Recent earthquakes demonstrated the risks to modern industrial societies from such sudden event, affecting everything from massive loss of life, infrastructure damage, and financial instability. Much larger earthquakes can be expected to occur adjacent to many metropolitan regions in the United States. Some analysts have predicted that the earthquake could prevent Chile’s economy from growing during 2010. Initially...
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...Earthquake From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the natural seismic phenomenon. For other uses, see Earthquake (disambiguation). [pic] An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor, temblor or seismic activity) is the result of a sudden release of energy in theEarth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are measured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as aseismograph. The moment magnitude (or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude) of an earthquake is conventionally reported, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacing the ground. When a large earthquakeepicenter is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami. The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity. In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans — that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus orhypocenter. The term epicenter refers to the point at...
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...How to do business in china With a Solid economic expansion, coupled with a rapid market transformation and a series of government reforms, mean China the world's second-largest economy is no longer just a country for low-cost manufacturing. It is also an increasingly attractive destination to do business. Several western companies including global giants such as Starbucks, Volkswagen, Boeing and Procter & Gamble have established a presence in the country. But despite China's increasing influence, challenges remain for those looking to do business in the country. Intense competition, corruption, business etiquette and language are some of the barriers that can be faced. In a first time we’re going to talk about a few keys of success of doing business in china, and then we will take the example of Starbucks and his adaptation on the Chinese market. Here are five things we should know before doing business in China: A mosaic of markets China is the world's most populous nation, with its sprawling 1.3 billion people making up a highly diverse market. There is no single consumer profile, and analysts suggest companies remain flexible and innovative, while understanding how their company would fit in each specific market. There's no simple answer in China it depends so much upon the specific market and upon the specific characteristic of your own company. Operating in a country with a history of thousands of years and ways of doing business that go back as...
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...cn/forum/txt/2013-12/02/content_580830.htm E-mail Newsletter Search Advance Search Home Nation World Business RSS 中文 | Français | Sci-Tech Forum Deutsch | Arts & Culture 日本語 Cover Subscribe Now Saturday May 30, 2015 Health Video Africa Travel Forum Top Story e-magazine UPDATED: December 2, 2013 NO. 49 DECEMBER 5, 2013 Could Clean Rewards Prevent Corruption? Dealing With Diabetes Share - Taking Down Tobacco - Cancer Rising - Outstripping Expectations - Protecting Small Investors - The Sino-French Connection Most Popular - Xi Visits Americas Outstripping Expectations - Premier Li's First Foreign Trip The Chinese economy looks - 7.0-Magnitude Earthquake Hits Sichuan set to maintain stable and - After Chavez moderate growth in 2014 - Focus on Korean Peninsula Current Issue · Table of Contents · Editor's Desk · Previous Issues · Subscribe to Mag Subscribe Now >> Expert's View (LI SHIGONG) World The Chinese Central Government has taken stricter measures to fight against corruption in recent years, especially the past year. A plan was recently submitted by the Development Research Center of the State Council that civil servants will be rewarded financially after retirement if they resist corruption and remain honest during their service. The proposal has triggered discussions among people. Supporters believe that a clean reward system would encourage a cleaner...
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...The one-child policy is the one-child limitation in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempt from the policy. Also exempt from this law are foreigners living in China. This policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. It was created by the Chinese government to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented between 250 and 300 million births from its implementation until 2000, The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions, of female births, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance. Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the...
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...unauthorised collusion are regarded seriously by the University and could result in penalties including failure in the unit and possible exclusion from the University. If you are in doubt, please contact the Unit Coordinator DECLARATION Except where I have indicated, the work I have submitted in this assignment is my own work. Signed: | Ling | Date submitted: | 25 January 2013 | ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- STUDENT’S SIGNATURE on collection of assignment: Not applicable for Kaplan Singapore Date assignment collected: OFFICE USE ONLY Research case study on Breadtalk Nai Kar Ling 31612293 Content...
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...UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI PROJECT ON “ .” SUBMITTED BY AMARKUMAR SURYAWANSHI ROLL NO.: 38 ADVANCED ACCOUNTANCY PART 1 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF COMMERCE 2015-16 UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF PROF. VINOD CHANDWANI VIDYA PRASARAK MANDAL, THANE K.G.JOSHI COLLEGE OF ARTS & N.G. BEDEKAR COLLEGE OF COMMERECE CHENDANI BUNDER ROAD, THANE-400601 Declaration I, student of M.Com. (Part - I) Roll No. : 38 hereby declare that the project title “disaster management ” for the subject strategic management submitted by me for semester - I of the academic year 2015-16, is based on actual work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of PROF.vinodchadwani. I further state that this work is original and not submitted anywhere else for any examination. PLACEAmarkumarSuryawanshi ROLL NO: 38 DATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is indeed a great pleasure and proud privilege to present this project work. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude and acknowledge to all the individuals involved both directly and indirectly for their valuable help and guidance. This project has been an attempt to give information about the “disaster management”. I expressed my deep since of gratitude to founder and president of VidyaPrasarakMandal. I express my heartful thanks to our honorable Principal for her constant support and motivation. I express special thanks to my guide Prof. Vinodchandwaniunder whose guidence the project conceived...
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...The changing landscape for Chinese small business: the case of ‘‘Bags of Luck’’ Lee Zhuang Lee Zhuang is a Principal Lecturer in Strategic Management at Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. General background Company history ) in Chinese Pinyin, is located Founded in 1992, Bags of Luck (BoL), or Xingyun Bao ( in a small coastal town, Xiao Min Nan (XMN), in South Eastern Fujian province, People’s Republic of China, halfway between the coastal cities of Xiamen and Quanzhou. As an industrial park, XMN was created out of Yang’s oyster farming village with a population of just under 1,000. The name of the village derived from the fact that most of the indigenous villagers were descendents of a local Yang family. With its geographic proximity to and cultural similarity with Taiwan, XMN was developed at the beginning of the 1990s with the most advanced infrastructure with the aim of attracting Taiwanese investors to set up manufacturing facilities there to take advantage of cheap labour and tax incentives. After 20 years’ of explosive development, XMN has grown to become a bustling modern town hosting over 2,000 manufacturing firms, 80 per cent of which are foreign invested, with a working population of 500,000. Almost 100 per cent of the goods manufactured in XMN are labour intensive products designed abroad and exported to North America and the EU. The products made here include shoes, bags, clothing and small plastic kitchen utensils. In the early phase of development...
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...Geography plate tectonics and associated hazard notes Plate tectonics and associated hazards Geomorphology – the study of landforms of the earth’s surface Plate tectonics – a theory explaining the structure of the earth’s crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of the rigid lithosphere. Geomorphological hazard – an event causing harm to people or property, caused by Geomorphological processes e.g. plate tectonic movement. Francis Bacon 1620 As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912 other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. Robert Mallet 1870s Robert Mallet was a nineteenth century scientist who managed to measure the speed at which earthquakes spread. Alfred Wegner 1911 While at Marburg, in the autumn of 1911, Wegener was browsing in the university library when he came across a scientific paper that listed fossils of identical plants and animals found on opposite sides of the Atlantic. Intrigued by this information, Wegener began to look for, and find, more cases of similar organisms separated by great oceans. Orthodox science at the time explained such cases by postulating that land bridges, now sunken, had once connected far-flung continents. But Wegener noticed the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Might the similarities...
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...disasters Natural disasters are generally assumed to be beyond the control and responsibility of most organizations. It is including floods, earthquake, mud slides hurricanes and tornadoes. Example: The 2008 Sichuan Earthquake. * Crises in public perception It ranges from news stories depicting the organization negatively to destructive rumors appearing in e-mail, on web sites or by word of mouth. These perceptions may concern the nature of a product, the conduct and credibility of the management and the financial status of the organization, or its conduct with regard to specific issues such as use of animals in testing, treatment of women employees or others. Example: McDonald’s Malaysia boycotting crisis. * Product or Services Crises Nowadays, product failures is a surprisingly a common crisis. There are a few crisis can be related to product and services crisis. * Product recalls Product recalls is either undertaken voluntarily or mandated by regulatory agencies or the courts. Example: Johnson & Johnson experienced two recalls in 1982 and 1986 relating to their Extra Strengths Tylenol capsules. * Food-Borne Illness Usually faced by restaurants, meat-packing plants, and food distributors that the foods contain with contaminants such as E.Coli or salmonella bacteria make consumers ill or in some cases death. Example: Jack-in-Box’s and Hudson Food’s E.Coli Infected hamburgers. * Terrorist attacks These...
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...Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques 2013, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages: 46-55 Enviro. Treat. Tech. ISSN: 2309-1185 Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com Taming the Monster - Attabad Landslide Dam Fiaz Hussain Shah, Arshad Ali*, Muhammad Naseem Baig National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan Received: 06/08/2013 Accepted:28/08/2013 Published: 08/09/2013 Abstract Hindukash - Karakoram - Himalayan (HKH) is a hazard prone region where triggering of landslides due to seismic, geological, hydrological or anthropogenic reasons is a common phenomenon. On 4th January 2010, a massive landslide at Attabad swept the low lying Surat village and blocked Hunza River thereby creating a dam resulting into a huge lake upstream. As a result of preliminary planning, emergency response was launched by Frontier Works Organization (FWO), a civil engineering component of Pakistan Army Engineers on instruction of the Federal Government and a 24 meters deep spillway cut was made through which the water started flowing on 29th May 2010 resulting into lowering of water in the lake. A detailed planning ensued and different proposals including those of Chinese, Americans and FWO were considered and finally based on cost-benefit analysis, the indigenous effort for execution was approved. FWO planned the operation in five stages whereby 675 meters long spillway was to be deepened by 30 meters having a width of approximately 60 meters resulting into lowering...
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