...Sickle Cell Disease Charlie Wilson HHC/220 March 13, 2014 Mark Perry Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell anemia or SCD is a condition that is inherited genetically by abnormal, red blood cells (erythrocytes) that has a form of sickle-shape. According to the Sickle Cell Society (2005), the beginning stage of this disease can begin as early as four months of age but are more common between one and two years of age. Symptoms while in childhood stage to adulthood consist of the following: * Breathlessness * Fatigue * Paleness * Painful aches throughout the body. * Swelling of feet and hands. * If you’re a male with this disease, you can experience painful erections. ( http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/midorcas/animalphysiology/websites/2005/Eppolifo/into.htm) Sickle cell can cause strokes in children as young as eight years of age. An individual who inherits this disease usually has a life span up to the middle 40’s. (SCDAA, 2005) PERI Model Utilization Sickle cell is a disease that is lifelong and inherited. This disease affects millions of individuals around the globe. Sickle cell is inherited from other family members that are carrying the sickle cell trait without having the disease itself. Most individuals who genetically inherited sickle cell has both parents with the gene or if one parent has the gene and the other do not, the child is likely to receive the sickle cell trait. The disease is very serious when the red blood cells form into a...
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...Sickle Cell Disorder Research Paper Sickle cell anemia is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells form an abnormal sickle or crescent shape. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body and are normally shaped like a disc. Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. It is the most common genetic disease in the U.S. An estimated 70,000-80,000 Americans have sickle cell disease. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. What is sickle cell trait? A person with the sickle cell trait does not have (and will never have) sickle cell disease. However, the presence of the trait may impact his/her children How do you get sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is not contagious; you cannot "catch" it. You inherit it from your parents. If, for example, one parent has normal hemoglobin ( type AA) and the second parent has abnormal hemoglobin ( type AS, or the sickle cell "trait"), there is a 50% chance that each child will have the sickle cell trait, but they will not have sickle cell disease ( type SS). The three most common forms of the disease in the United States are: 1. Hemoglobin...
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...1 Personal Impact Paper on Sickle Cell Disease Glenda Kessen NUR427 9/8/14 Amy Highland 2 Sickles Cell Anemia is a chronic, serious red blood cell disorder that is lifelong. "It is the most common genetic disease in the United States." (Guyatt, GH 2007). Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is inherited and results in a decrease of the ability of red blood cells to carry much-needed oxygen through the body. The cells become clogged, due to their crescent shape, which keeps them from delivering oxygen. This can cause unbearable pain, damage to the body organs, and even death. The frequency of the pain episodes can range from several a year to multiple times a day. SCD is caused by hemoglobin S, which is an abnormal type of hemoglobin. When the cells are exposed to low oxygen levels, the Hemoglobin S changes the shape of the red blood cells. Red blood cells are made of marrow that is located inside the large bones of the body. The bone marrow is constantly making new red blood cells to replace the old cells. The life of the normal red blood cell life is about 120 days. Their purpose is to carry oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide, which is a waste product, from the body. Sickle-shaped cells die about ten to twenty days that prevents the bone marrow from making new red blood cells. Ethnicity plays a part in SCD, with African Americans more likely to be affected. Both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait which is passed on to the child. The child will inherit...
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...SICKLE CELL AND THE PAIN SICKLE CELL AND THE PAIN B Gibson SOC313 Social Implications of Medical Issues Instructor: Betsey Morthland July 23, 2012 SICKLE CELL AND THE PAIN Living with pain. What is sickle cell disease? Are you a carrier or do you have sickle cell disease? We will look at what is sickle cell disease and how do you know if you are a carrier. How many people have sickle cell disease, what challenges they face personally and socially? Are there programs to help people with sickle cell disease deal with pain management? This is just a peek at sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of the red blood cells. If you have sickle cell disease you have an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sickle cell disease contains mostly hemoglobin*s. Blood cells become sickle and crescent shape, which causes them to have trouble passing through small round blood vessels. “When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can each that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease.” (Florida Transition Project) There are several types of sickle cell disease – (SS) Sickle Cell Anemia, (SC) Sickle Hemoglobin C Disease, Sickle Beta-Plus, and Sickle Betz-Zero Thalassemia. Sickle Cell trait (AS) is an inherited condition and this condition is not sickle cell disease. People that have the trait are normally healthy and they are only carriers...
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...Sickle cell originated from Africa, India, Mediterranean countries, Saudi Arabia, the Caribbean islands, and South and Central America. Sickle is most commonly found in African Americans, but it can also effect, and be found in all races. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia — a condition in which there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry proper amount of oxygen throughout your body. Many people may have heard about sickle cell and may be aware but many most likely do not know how it exactly works. When looking at sickle cell blood cells you can tell the differences between normal blood cells and sickle cell blood cells. Sickle cell blood cells, are crescent shaped, normal cells are more circular. Sickle cell starts off by people with sickle cell trait have red blood cells that have normal hemoglobin A, and abnormal hemoglobin. The abnormal hemoglobin is called hemoglobin S. People with sickle cell trait have more hemoglobin A than hemoglobin S. They have enough hemoglobin A to help their red blood cells carry oxygen to the body. There are three common types of sickle traits are, Sickle Cell Anemia (SS), Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease (SC), and Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia and Sickle Beta Thalassemia. How exactly does someone get sickle cell? Sickle is a hereditary trait. For example, my aunt has the trait and my mom does not. My sister and I likewise do not have the trait but there is a good possibility that one of our children can. My aunt met someone...
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...What is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain. Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by errors in the genes hemoglobin (a component of red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen within the red blood cell). Sickle Cell Anemia has been in existence for many years. The earliest report of sickle cell anemia can be dated back to Africa. Sickle Cell Anemia is a complex disorder that has evolved over the years but many people will not have a better understanding of what it is unless they carry this disease or personally know someone who may be struggling with it. My goal is to inform the reader of this disease and about the consequences of such. Sickled red cells cannot squeeze tissues of oxygen-carrying blood. The process produces periodic episodes of pain that can ultimately damage tissues and vital organs and can lead to other medical issues. Since sickled red cells through small blood vessels. Contrary, they stack up and cause a blockage which deprives organs and die after 10 to 20 days, they cannot be replaced fast enough. This causes the blood to become short of red blood cells which is called anemia. Sickle Cell Anemia cannot be transmitted through physical contact with another party , it is inherited. For people with the disease have 2 copies of the sickle gene gained from both parents. But many African American may have inherited one copy of the sickle gene from one parent...
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...Sickle Cell Anemia Dennis Martin Jersey College School of Nursing Pediatric Nursing NUR205 Ms. Fran Davis September 30, 2013 Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disease, associated with episodes of acute illness and progressive organ damage, and is one of the most common severe monogenic disorders worldwide. Understand of the disease has gradually increased since the disease was first described with a characteristic sickle shaped erythrocytes by Herrick in 1910 (Herrick, 1910). This literature will cover what is SCD, along with other topic such as pathophysiology, etiology, sign and symptoms, risk factors and patient teaching. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disease, associated with episodes of acute illness and progressive organ damage, and is one of the most common severe monogenic disorders worldwide (Weatherall, Hofman, Rodgers, Ruffin, & Hrynkow, 2004). Understand of the disease has gradually increased since the disease was first described with a characteristic sickle shaped erythrocytes by Herrick in 1910 (Herrick, 1910). In 1951 A Nobel Prize-Prize winning chemist by the name of Dr. Linus Pauling and his colleague Dr. Harvey Itano, discovered that the red, oxygen carrying protein called "hemoglobin" had a different chemical structure in persons with SCD. This led Dr. Pauling to coin the term "molecular disease" for disorders that resulted from proteins and abnormal chemical structures (Winter, n.d.). Although...
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...Sickle-cell disease From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the disease itself. For the genetic transmission of sickle-cell disease and its carrier state, see sickle cell trait. Not to be confused with Sick cell syndrome. Sickle-cell disease Classification and external resources Figure (A) shows normal red blood cells flowing freely through veins. The inset shows a cross section of a normal red blood cell with normal haemoglobin. Figure B shows abnormal, sickled red blood cells log jamming, sticking and accumulating at the branching point in a vein. The inset image shows a cross-section of a sickle cell with long polymerized HbS strands stretching and distorting the cell shape. ICD-10 D57 ICD-9 282.6 OMIM 603903 DiseasesDB 12069 MedlinePlus 000527 eMedicine med/2126 oph/490ped/2096 emerg/26emerg/406 MeSH C15.378.071.141.150.150 GeneReviews • Sickle-cell disease Sickle-cell disease (SCD), or sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) or drepanocytosis, is a hereditary blood disorder, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickling decreases the cells' flexibility and results in a risk of various complications. The sickling occurs because of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene. Individuals with one copy of the defunct gene display both normal and abnormal haemoglobin. This is an example of codominance. Life expectancy is shortened. In 1994, in the US, the average life expectancy of persons with...
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...Choice “E is the best answer. Sickle cell disease (SCD) and its variants are genetic disorders resulting from the presence of a mutated form of hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS). Given that this patient has sickle cell disease, he must have inherited two abnormal copies of the hemoglobin gene, one from each parent. Normally, humans have hemoglobin A, which consists of two alpha and two beta chains, hemoglobin A2, which consists of two alpha and two delta chains, and hemoglobin F, consisting of two alpha and two gamma chains in their bodies. Of these, hemoglobin F dominates until about 6 weeks of age. Afterwards, hemoglobin A dominates throughout life. Sickle-cell conditions have an autosomal-recessive pattern of inheritance from parents. The types...
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...Josiah Hicks Genetic (Or Not) Disorders There are many diseases and disorders in the world, they all have different causes and effects. Some of the causes may be genetic, some might be the result of the surrounding environments, and some even remain unexplained. Today, I’m going to cover some of them, I’m going to explain the causes of the disorders, the resulting effects of the disorder, and if there is a cure. Sickle cell anemia or SCD is a hereditary disorder (meaning that it is acquired through the parents) and is categorized by the most prominent effect on the body’s production and storage of the a molecule in...
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... Sickle Cell Anemia Assignment #2 BIOL 1010 James Cheetham May 29 2014 Sickle Cell Anemia, Also known as Hemoglobin S Disease (HbS Disease), spreads along the lines of anemic or iron deficient blood types . Hemoglobin is the red protein that is responsible for transporting Oxygen in vertebrates. It is composed of 4 protein subunits, two called Alpha – globin and two called Beta-globin. The HBB gene, located on the 11th Chromosome (11p15.4 specifically and its locus MIM number is141900), provides “Instructions “ for making the beta globin but unfortunately nothing in life is perfect and mutations are bound to occur. Various versions of Beta Globin result from different kinds of mutations in the HBB gene. Some mutations in the HBB gene lead to abnormal versions of beta globin such as hemoglobin C (HbC) and hemoglobin E (HbE). HBB gene mutations can also result in unusually low levels of beta-globin; this abnormality is called beta thalassemia .One particular mutation produces the abnormal HbS Beta globin. People with sickle cell disease, at least one of the beta globin subunits in hemoglobin are replaced with hemoglobin S. For example, people with sickle hemoglobin C (HbSC) disease have hemoglobin molecules with hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C instead of beta globin If mutations that produce Hemoglobin S and beta thalassemia occur together, individuals have hemoglobin S-beta thalassemia (HbSBetaThal). In people with Sickle Cell Anemia...
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...In this paper, I will be looking at and reviewing the research literature that is available concerning sickle cells disease. I chose this topic for a reason that is close to my heart; I have an eight month old infant who has been diagnosed with sickle cell disease. As a professional, I am concerned with the ways that we as nurses can contribute to providing quality care in response to clients presenting with this specific disease. As a person, I am on the other side of the health promoting, family based care relationship that I am used to in my practice; I now really appreciate how important it is for nurses to provide education, information, teaching and training to parents and clients in response to an illness like sickle cell. In a way, therefore, I am serving both as teacher and student here, as I develop knowledge and collect evidence that I will use as both a nurse and as a concerned parent seeking to understand a disease that my child has been diagnosed with. This literature review supports the argument that nurses can play an important role in promoting quality care for clients and families coping with sickle cell disease, once a strong understanding of this disease and the nurse’s role in responding to it is achieved. This, therefore, is the goal of this literature review. Gale’s “Health Reference Centre Academic” database was used for the research. In fact, a very simple search resulted in the obtainment of all six of the quality, peer reviewed, scholarly research...
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...A Report on Sickle Cell Disease Name: Professor: Course: Date: Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease is a life threatening illness passed down from parents to children through the genes (Piel & Weatherall, 2015). The disease therefore, is present at birth but the signs come to the fore after the fourth month. The disease has been recognized as a major public health concern by international agencies and is common among many people in Africa, the Arabian Gulf, Turkey, India; the Mediterranean and their descendants spread around the world. For instance, in United States one in 400 African-American infants is born with sickle cell disease annually (Ibid). Description of Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease comprises of red blood cell disorders whose main feature is abnormal hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is an oxygen carrying protein in the red blood cells (Peterson, 2008). The abnormality of the hemoglobin is caused by a mutation in a gene of the hemoglobin protein. This abnormality hinders the proper formation globin genes of the hemoglobin molecules resulting in abnormal hemoglobin that may take the forms of “S” hemoglobin or “SC” hemoglobin or “beta-thalassemia” hemoglobin as noted by (Rees, Williams & Gladwin, 2010). Types of Sickle Cell Disease The disorders; sickle cell anemia disease (caused by “S” hemoglobin), “SC” disease (caused...
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...Sickle cell anemia primarily affects people with African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian ancestry (Learn genetics, 2010; NHLBI, n.d.; Vorvick et al., 2010). Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two sickle cell gene, one from each parent, that cause the red blood cells to change and become crescent shaped. The underlying problem involves hemoglobin, a component of the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs (Nabili, 2008, para. 1). In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin is flawed. As a result, the cells become sickle shaped and can’t travel as easily through blood vessels. Sickle cell anemia is an illness which has one primary cause, but a variety of symptoms and treatments. Like most illnesses, sickle cell anemia has one primary cause. In order for sickle cell anemia to occur, a sickle cell gene must be inherited from both the mother and the father, so that the child has two sickle cell genes (Shiel, 2006, para. 3). The sickle cell gene causes the body to make abnormal hemoglobin. As mentioned above, hemoglobin is a protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs (Nabili, 2008, para. 1). A person with normal red blood cell will have hemoglobin A, however a person with sickle cell disease will have hemoglobin S (Sickle...
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...Sickle Cell Anemia Prepared by: Jozalyn Velez Outline • Definition • Symptoms • Causes • Diagnosis • Treatment/prevention • conclusion Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited form of anemia, a condition in which there isn’t enough healthy red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen throughout your body. Normally a person has flexible and round blood cells. With Sickle Cell anemia, Hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells, that carry oxygen in the body, are defective causing some of the red blood cells to change and form a sickle, or crescent moon shape. Symptoms Pain: The sickle cells are sticky and get stuck, clump together, resulting in a blockage in the flow of blood small blood vessels. This blockage in the flow of blood causes episodes of pain, called crises, a major symptom of Sickle Cell Anemia, to the person. Anemia: In anemia, the sickle cells die quickly. Normal red blood cells usually last about 120 days before they die and are replaced, but sickle cells only last about 10 to 12 days before they die, resulting in an insufficient amount of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. This is the reason the person feels fatigued, has shortness of breath, and looks pale.. Delayed Growth: Anemia slows the rate of growth because the body’s cells don’t get the oxygen they need to grow. People with sickle cell anemia usually have a smaller build thanother people of the same age. Vision...
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