...negative side effects of steroids...
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...EQ for short) more than once a week. The most common weekly Boldenone dosage is 50-150 mg for women and 400-800 mg for men. Doses higher than 1000 mg per week do not show additional benefits. The longer the cycle of Equipoise is, the more positive effects of the drug are seen. However, the recommended cycle length is 2-2.5 months. Short courses do not bring sufficient results. Sometimes beginners may face swellings and hematomas during the cycle, this is quite usual, as you have to inject up to 4ml of oily solution at a time. It is recommended to rotate regularly the injection site in order to avoid irritation and even infection. For the treatment of swellings, bodybuilders successfully use heating compresses or “draw” iodine grid. It is advised that the same injection site would not be used more than once a week; better if it is used every other week. By using the same injection site, the oil volume may form an abscess that requires surgical draining. The drug is painful when being injected locally into the quadriceps, arms, calves, deltoids or hips. Best Boldenone Stacks and CombinationsBoldenone Undecylenate is usually used for dry muscle gains. For this purpose, EQ is often stacked with other drugs such as Winstrol or Testosterone. The combination of Equipoise and any Testosterone ester is very efficient and used by athletes who want to not only gain mass, but also increase the stiffness of the muscles. For this cycle the recommended dosage of Boldenone is 400-600mg/week...
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...Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy , Chronic disease, disuse and aging are all causes of muscle atrophy. This fact directly impacts an individual’s ability to maintain an independent life-style. In contrast, stretching and work overload of skeletal muscle induces hypertrophy of skeletal muscle and myotubes in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Compensatory growth in response to an imposed load is an important and well-known biological adaptation of skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the systemic changes in hypertrophying muscle at the molecular level. Anabolic steroids, technically known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are drugs that have similar effects to testosterone in the body. They increase protein within cells, especially in skeletal muscles. Anabolic steroids also have androgenic and virilizing properties, including the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords, testicles (primary sexual characteristics), and body hair (secondary sexual characteristics). Of the many 100’s of steroids which were never produced, it is from them that the supplement industry has selected our current roster of OTC anabolics. At this point you might be asking “How are these supplement companies able to legally manufacture and sell these products, since they are no different than any other CIII steroid?” Remember, it wasn’t until 1990 that steroids were officially declared to be controlled substances and illegal to possess without...
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...prevalent in weightlifting and sporting communities. The smallest subset within that community are adolescents. Anabolic steroid usage as an adolescent is the most harmful time a person can use steroids because they are illegal and dangerous without a doctor’s prescription and monitoring, prematurely stunt physical growth, and the side effects can be temporary, permanent or, in rare cases, deadly. The origin of anabolic steroids can be traced back to the early 1930’s when scientist were able to synthesize testosterone in order treat men unable to develop and grow normally or function...
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...people, while they may not agree with it; they believe we should ignore it because these are “Sports Stars”. While others, want the athletes in question to be stripped of any titles they may have achieved while supposedly “juicing”. I believe that this is an issue of whom the controversy surrounds and why it is happening in sports. Athletes use Performance-Enhancing drugs despite the risk of side-effects. There have been serious documented risks of using Performance-Enhancing drugs. Some of these side effects are: death, high blood pressure, heart attacks, liver damage, stroke, headaches, increased risk of joint and tendon injuries, baldness, “roid rage”, hallucinations, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, reduced sperm count, impotence, increased breast size, and enlarged prostate are side-effects that occur in men. (American Academy of Pediatrics. 2002). Many companies have produced supplements that do not require a prescription or can be obtained legally that may produce similar results in muscle gain and strength, without the dangerous steroid side-effects. The companies that produce steroids state that they are safe for the user. Eighty-Two percent of all DEA-seized and analyzed steroids in the U.S. are manufactured in Mexico. (DEA Website. 2005) Many steroids that are used are originally developed for use in animals. Others are developed for those with Diabetes, Lupus, Allergies, and Asthma. Athletes will use steroids despite the fact of...
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...American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 3 (February 2011): 1–36 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/mic.3.1.1 Strategic Entry Deterrence and the Behavior of Pharmaceutical Incumbents Prior to Patent Expiration† By Glenn Ellison and Sara Fisher Ellison* This paper develops a new approach to testing for strategic entry deterrence and applies it to the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents before patent expiration. It examines a cross section of markets, determining whether behavior is nonmonotonic in market size. Under some conditions, investment levels will be monotone in market size if firms do not invest to deter entry. Strategic investments to deter entry, however, may result in nonmonotonic investment because they are unnecessary in small markets, and impossible in large ones. Consistent with an entry-deterrence motivation is the finding that incumbents in medium-sized markets advertise less prior to patent expiration. (JEL D92, G31, L11, L21, L65) T he insight that firms may make “strategic investments” to alter future competitive conditions is one of the most fundamental ideas in industrial organization. Jean Tirole’s (1988) chapter reviewing arguments about how excess capacity, capital structure, advertising, contractual practices, learning-by-doing, and other actions can be used to deter entry is easily the longest in the text.1 Strategic investment models are difficult to test directly, however, and the vast majority of this literature is theoretical...
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