...A B S T R A C T "The Belt and Road" strategic initiative put forward by China, has a significant influence on the development of international society. At the same time, as a grand strategic initiative, the construction of "The Belt and Road" will also promote the economic development of countries which will participate in the project. The initiative involves so many countries and such a large population, which is unprecedented in the history of China's diplomacy. What’s more, the domestic environment in these nations is complex and pluralistic, which undoubtedly plays an important role in "The Belt and Road". I will explore what opportunities and challenges this initiative will bring to regional and international economic development In this paper, by analyzing the implementation process of the initiative, different attitudes of involved countries and several meaningful accomplishments of the project. Keywords: The Belt and Road Influence Opportunities Challenges 1. Introduction The "Silk Road" in history is the main trade route connecting China and outside world and the core bond between China and outside, through which they can make economic, political and cultural exchanges a lot. To speed up the construction of Chinese new open economy system, China put forward a strategic planning about "Pushing the construction of Silk Road Economic Zone and Maritime Silk Road, and forming a new opening all-round pattern” on the third plenary session of the eighteenth...
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...into businesses has opened them up to financially driven cyber attacks, resulting in net losses of millions each year ("Cybercrime Becoming More Professional." 3). The globalization brought with the Internet is not selective; it is inherent. Gritzalis and Gurvirender argue that a massive underground economy has birthed where criminals are achieving new levels of sophistication and organization, optimizing their gains and deepening the losses of society (1-2). This paper will explore the argument proposed by Gritzalis and Gurvirender. Criminals who have adapted to the cybercrime market are becoming increasingly complex in their methods. The rise of virtual marketplaces for illegal goods and services has proved effective in thwarting law enforcement agencies (Tor Project, 2011). The underground economy can be broken down into two primary markets: illegal narcotics and hacking related products and services. The growth of the narcotics marketplace has skyrocketed in the last few years, and especially in 2013. Silk Road,...
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...technological inventions to the world. Since there are a lot of ancient Chinese inventions, in this essay I would like to give information about some of the very interesting and useful ten ancient Chinese inventions that I believe we cannot imagine without them today. 1. Toilet Paper Toilet paper was one of the very important Chinese inventions that we cannot imagine living our life without. Toilet paper was used in China for the first time in history during 6th century AD. In 589 AD a famous scholar Yan Zhitui wrote about the use of toilet paper and the word spread throughout China and toilet paper became popular in China. 2. Ice Cream Ice cream, our favourite treat is another surprising invention in ancient China. It became a new invention 3000 years ago when rich Chinese families started to treat their guests to sweet juices mixed with snow or ice. Marco Polo brought it to Europe and it became popular in the world. 3. Paper Paper is one of the major contributions to spread development of human civilisation in the world. China made the first proper paper during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC- 9AD). However, Cai Lun of the Eastern Dynasty (25-220) successfully invented the very first batch of paper using fish net, tree bars,...
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...HUMN432 Week 6 Assignment: Final Draft of the Paper Technology: The Invention of Gunpowder Professor: Adam Ravalovich August 12, 2011 Title: The Invention of Gunpowder A. Introduction: The invention of gunpowder was one of China’s four greatest inventions that made a significant contribution to Chinese culture. Gunpowder in Chinese is called “huo yau”, meaning flaming medicine. The use of gunpowder gave the Chinese a greater ability to protect them from enemies and to conquer and control others. Although fireworks today are used as entertainment, the Chinese used it to scare-off enemies in the time of war. Chinese firearms, fireworks and gunpowder were also popular items of trade along the Silk Road to Europe. As we can imagine this invention had a profound effect on human history and although gunpowder was invented by the Chinese, it gave rise to the powerful western world while it inevitably left China and the Eastern World behind. B. Description of the Chinese Culture (Brandy Miller) 1. Chinese Society: Understanding a people's culture exposes their normalness without reducing their individuality. There are many different realms of Chinese society. China is well known for its centuries of traditional values, customs and beliefs. These beliefs are deeply linked with the language, religions and collective values which have always been the center of traditional festivals, customs and everyday life of man as a collective in harmony with nature...
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...Huzhou (湖州) is located in the north of Zhejiang province. Because of its favored geographical position (the center part of Yangtze River Delta Economic Area), Huzhou has strong links with the surrounding provinces such as Jiangsu and Anhui. It is the only city that names after a lake in the Taihu Lake Rim (环太湖地区). Huzhou is an old city with a long history. 248 BC, the city was setup by the State of Chu. At that time, the name of the city is Gucheng County (孤城县). During the reign of Qin dynasty, Wucheng County (乌程县) was used. However, the name was changed again to Wuxing Shire (吴兴郡) in the age of Kingdom of Wu. According to the historical material, Huzhou was first used in Sui Dynasty in 602. Today, Huzhou is prefecture-level city which administers five county-level divisions (Wexing District吴兴区, Nanxun District南浔区, Deqing County德清县, Changxing County 长兴县and Anji County安吉县). In history, the famous general, Xiangyu (项羽), built up a city in Huzhou. It says that he quartered troops and led his soldiers to against Qin here. The original name of the north city gate is Fengsheng (奉胜门), but the civilians always call it Bawang Gate (霸王门). The story of Xiangyu is quite famous. Although his life was controversial, he was regarded as a hero in people’s mind. Actually, some cultural heritages here related to him were destroyed in the Cultural Revolution such as the Xiangwang Temple; Huzhou still has vestiges on Mount Bian (弁山) where Xiangyu put his troops. This year, as part of the city...
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... 2 The Ancient Chinese culture was a very successful culture that created many inventions and contributed to the advancement of not only the Chinese civilization but also to the civilization of the world. According to Henry Sayre, the Qin Dynasty, which was said to exist from 221BCE until 206 BCE, was the first empire in China to rise to dominance; however, the Han Dynasty was given credit for the most Ancient Chinese contributions and inventions (Sayre, 2012). The Han Dynasty existed from 206 BCE until 220 CE, and during the Han Dynasty contributions and inventions by the Ancient Chinese included: the wheelbarrow, seismograph, paper, compass, map, glazed pottery, hot air balloons, and silk. While the Ancient Chinese made many contributions and inventions for the world, the four most useful are the wheelbarrow, the seismograph, paper, and the map. Today the wheelbarrow is commonly used for farming, gardening, and construction work such as moving dirt, bricks, mulch. It is suitable for many jobs because it allows the weight of the contents to be evenly distributed between the wheel and the operator. For many of the same purposes as we use the wheelbarrow today, the Ancient Chinese invented the wheelbarrow. It served the purpose of transporting things from one place to another that could not easily be one with just one person alone. According to Jeff, the earliest form of the Chinese wheelbarrows was said to be invented by a famous prime minister of the time named Zhuge...
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...blockchain is a permissionless distributed database based on the bitcoin protocol that maintains a continuously growing list of transactional data records hardened against tampering and revision, even by operators of the data store's nodes. As the blockchain matures, bitcoin will increasingly resemble traditional financial services, with functions such as retail banking (circles) exchanges (coinbase) and payment processors (bitnet) are being created. But how did it all start off, and where will it go next? Here, we take a brief overview of the major milestones in the cryptocurrency’s brief history and look to where it might be headed in the future. Bitcoin was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto,]who published the invention on 31 October 2008 in a research paper called "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". It was implemented as open source code and released in January 2009. Bitcoin is often called the first cryptocurrency although prior systems existed. Bitcoin is more correctly described as the first decentralized digital currency. 2008 Three individuals, Neal Kin, Vladimir Oksman, and Charles Bry file an application for an encryption patent application. All three individuals deny having any connection to Satoshi Nakamoto, the alleged originator of the Bitcoin concept. The three also register the site Bitcoin.org in the same month, over on anonymousspeech.com – which allows people to buy domain names anonymously. October Despite the above, Satoshi Nakamoto releases...
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...Genghis Khan Research Paper Genghis Khan…Temujin…Chinggis Khan…Conqueror of the world. These are just some of the names given to the emperor who showed both terror and tolerance to his enemies. Not just conquering land, but creating things that have never been heard off such as a lLegal code make Genghis so unique. This fearless Mongol leader made a huge impact during his reign making his empire so unique for his time. To begin with, Genghis Khan was a very innovative leader, he created many things, for example a Llegal code. “Chinggis…left behind a legal code, the so-called Jasagh, which consisted of a series of general moral injunctions and laws” (“Chinggis Khan’s Four Great Legacies”). This was used during his reign as a...
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...AP World History - Stearns Chapter 2 – Classical Civilization: China I. Introduction – longest-lived civilization in history A. Isolated 1. Couldn’t learn from other cultures 2. Rare invasions 3. Distinctive identity 4. Relatively little internal chaos w/ decline of Shang dynasty a. Greatest links to classical society B. Intellectual theory 1. Harmony of nature – yin and yang – balance 2. Seek Dao – the way a. Avoid excess b. Appreciate balance of opposites c. Humans part of world, not on outside – like Mediterranean Thesis: China emerged with an unusually well-integrated system in which government, philosophy, economic incentives, the family, and the individual were intended to blend into a harmonious whole. II. Patterns in Classical China A. Pattern of rule 1. Dynasty, family of kings – create strong politics, economy 2. Dynasty grew weak, taxes declined 3. Social divisions increased 4. Invasion or internal rebellion 5. Another dynasty emerged – general, invader, peasant rebel B. Zhou Dynasty – 1029-258 BCE 1. Started decline in 700 BCE 2. Ruled w/ local princes – alliance system a. Successful in agricultural communities – ie manor system Europe b. Princes received land for troops/tax 3. Eventually local leaders ignored central gov’t 4. Contributions a. Extended territory to “Middle Kingdom” – wheat north, rice south 1. Transportation/communication...
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...PARTICIPATION OF BANGLADESH IN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: (BIMSTEC AND BCIM) sampad [Pick the date] Participation of Bangladesh in economic integration: BIMSTEC and BCIM Submitted To: Md. Imran Hossain Lecturer Department of Finance University Of Dhaka Submitted By: NAMES | ID | Group No: 04 Mahedul Islam | 19-054 | Khaled Mahmud Javed | 19-082 | MahfuzurRahman | 19-084 | MoumitaHalder | 19-094 | ShahajadiAnjumanAra | 19-136 | Date of Submission: August 16, 2015 Letter of Transmittal August 16, 2015 Md. Imran Hossain Lecturer Department Of Finance University Of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Course Report Participation of Bangladesh in economic integration: BIMSTEC and BCIM Dear Sir, With great pleasure we would like to submit our Report on “Participation of Bangladesh in economic integration: BIMSTEC and BCIM.” as per course requirement. It was our immense pleasure to have such a report. It was a wonderful experience to work on this report. As you will see in the following pages we have first shown basic ideas of economic integration. Then we have focused basically on two integrations: BIMSTEC and BCIM, their impact in the economy of Bangladesh and an overall overview of their impact in their respective member countries.. We have also present BIMSTEC contribution to export, import and overall trade balance performance with their member courtiers and opportunities for Bangladesh with BCIM. Therefore, we beg...
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...International Research Journal of Business and Management – IRJBM ISSN 2322-083X Indian Technology and Globalization: A New Wrapper on Old Context Soma Bandyopadhyay Department of Computer Science and Engineering MCKV Institute of Engineering Howrah, India Basab Bandyopadhyay Department of Civil Engineering Professional Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. Kolkata, India Abstract The objective of this paper is to explain the meaning of Globalization and to explore the impact of globalization in Indian context. Our study has two major goals: To analyse the globalization process before and after independence and to describe the main features of the Indian software industry, especially its competence and weakness. The study also reveals the trade and investment policies of the Government of India and its effects on Foreign Direct Investment. We have also done comparative study between Indian and Chinese economy, their strength and challenges. Keywords—Globalization; FDI; India; IT; China; Economic Policy; Industry; Technology. Introduction Globalization is a natural phenomenon of today’s world economies. However in the Indian perspective the globalization of its economy in general and science and technology in particular has taken varied course on its way to modern times. The key feature of this paper is to trace its path through the different periods, with special emphasis on the evolution of science and technology during this course. Different government policies adopted...
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...Centre for Economic Studies and Policies (CESP) School of Social Sciences and Policy (M.A. Economics Programme) Summer Internship Report by Shaily J. Osta Enrollment No: 1201212004 Session: 2012-14 Central University of Bihar Camp Office: BIT Campus, P.O. B.V. College Patna 800 014, Phone/Fax: 0612-2226538 Summer Internship Report Submitted by Shaily J. Osta Enrollment No: 1201212004 Session: 2012-14 Submitted to Chandragupt Institute of Management, Patna CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms. Shaily J. Osta, student of Central University of Bihar, enrolment no. CUB 1201212004 worked as intern in the study entitled ‘Evaluation of MGNREGA DIWAS in Bihar’ assigned to Chandragupt Institute of Management Patna by Rural Development Department, Government of Bihar. She also worked to prepare report on ‘Inequality in Bihar’. This internship work has been done under my supervision and she significantly contributed in the aforementioned project. ______________________ (Dr. Debabrata Samanta) Place: Date: DECLARATION BY STUDENT I, Shaily J. Osta, hereby declare that this project report entitled “Economic inequality of Bihar, Evaluation of MGNREGA DIWAS in Bihar” has been prepared by me as an intern under the internship programme of Central University of Bihar during the summer internship at Chandragupt Institute of Management, Patna...
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...“A Silk Road Legacy: The Spread of Buddhism and Islam*” is written by Xinru Liu, a professor at the College of New Jersey. Xinru Liu is an associate professor of history on that campus. He has written many other peer reviewed history journals in his past. This specific article of his that I chose was a part of The Journal of World History in 2011 and was published by The University of Hawai’i Press. It was first presented at the 2009 Numata Conference “Buddhism and Islam,” in May of 2009 at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. A professor by the name of Lynda Shaffer has been Liu’s coauthor and the first reader of his writings for the past decade. She also edited, revised this article as well. This article endeavors the challenge of examining...
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...The Influence of Pipa on Chinese Classical Music In Chinese classical music, Pipa is one of the most popular traditional musical instruments in China and known as the “king of plucked string instrument.” It is a plucked four-stringed musical instrument having a pear-shaped wooden body with a varying number of frets ranging from 12 to 26. It has been played for about two thousands years in China and many Chinese ancient literary works and poems are related to pipa praising its refinement through its bright timbre and rapid rolling tremolo. Unlike nowadays situation that everyone could learn how to play pipa or enjoy the pipa performance in the concert, people from upper class in the ancient time rarely played classical instrumnets such as pipa and guqin (a plucked seven-string instrument of the zither family) in public or for commercial purposes. And they always refused to be regard as musician because performing artists in ancient China are usually considered as the lowest social class. “In traditional China, most well–educated people and monks could play classical music as a means of self-cultivation, meditation, soul purification and spiritual elevation, union with nature, identification with the values of past sages, and communication with divine beings or with friends and lovers” (Liu) However, the development of pipa in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) let it became popular in both court music and ordinary people. Indeed, pipa music has a profound impact on the Chinese classical...
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...Soybean Exports to China Purpose Trading has largely improved over the existence of China as restrictions and wars have been very prominent in China’s history. This paper looks at soybeans and how they have been a part of China’s importing history. China has become a vital export market for United States soybeans and without those customers, prices would be much lower than those seen in today’s market. Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………4 Situational Analysis……………………………………………………………………….5 Country History……………………………………………………………………………6 Cultural Overview…………………………….……………………………………………7 Political Environment………………………………………………………………………8 Export Marketing Plan……………………….……………………………………………..9 Economic Development…………………………………………………………………….10 Purchasing Power…………………..……………………………………………….10 Wages………………………………….……………………………………………11 Infrastructure………………………………………………………………………..11 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………11 References………………………………….……………………………………………….13 Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………….15 Appendix B………………………………………………………………………………….16 Abstract The soybean has been traced to the eastern half of North China in the eleventh century B.C. Soybean production was localized in China until after the Chinese-Japanese war of 1894-95, when the Japanese began to import soybean oil cake for use as fertilizer. A worldwide shortage of feed protein in the early 1970's led to the initiation of large-scale soybean production in several South American...
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