...Haciendas The word “Hacienda” means estate, or large cattle ranching plantation. Some haciendas were even mines or factories for businesses. Haciendas were a display of wealth and luxury, because you were able to afford large amounts of land. Haciendas tended to be family owned, and have a lot of history behind them. Haciendas started out as land grants given to the conquistadors, or the Spanish conquers. Once they became owners, they were referred to hacendados or patrons. Campesino, or workhand, was the workers of the Haciendas. Haciendas didn’t produce large-scale items though; it was large plantations producing small-scale items. Only the best of the best land was used, there were no exceptions to the land usage. While the production was low, the prices were high because if there were more productions going on, they would have had to lower the prices. People didn’t necessarily have Haciendas to be economically helpful; they did for their own status. Haciendas produced items from meat, to produce, and other items able to be exported for income. The campesino was in debt to the Patron for their whole lives, and if they had children, the children took on the parent’s debt. They would live on the Patron’s land, but labor was their pay off. When the campesino’s needed to borrow money from the Patron’s for things such as weddings, funerals and gatherings, they would fall into debt and typically stay in debt. Because the campesino literally owns absolutely nothing, to...
Words: 660 - Pages: 3
...segment we will cover the different types of fiber ropes, such as manila, sisal, hemp, coir, cotton and nylon. We will also discuss the fabrication, care, handling, characteristics and the inspection of fiber ropes. During the wire rope segment, we will discuss the fabrication, fiber core and characteristics of wire rope; wire rope lay, and the safe working capacity of wire rope. Fiber Rope: • Types of ropes • Fabrication • Care • Handling • Characteristics • Inspection Wire Rope: • Fabrication • Fiber core and characteristics • Wire rope lay • Safe working capacity MANILA ROPES The quality of the fiber and its length give manila rope relatively high elasticity, strength and resistance to wear and deterioration. In many instances, the manufacturer treats the rope with chemicals to make it more mildew-resistant, which increases the quality of the rope. Manila rope is generally the standard item of issue, because of its quality and relative strength. Select the INFO button for additional information on the manila fiber rope. Fiber Rope - Sisal The next fiber rope is the sisal fiber rope. Sisal rope is made from either the sisalana or the henequen plant. Sisal rope is about 80 percent as strong as high quality manila rope and is easily obtained. It withstands exposure to seawater very well and is often used for this reason. Select the INFO button for additional information on the sisal fiber rope. Fiber Rope Hemp The next rope is the hemp fiber rope. Hemp...
Words: 557 - Pages: 3
...The Drum D’Angelo Tolbert American International University Topics in Cultural Studies September 23, 2012 Shari Manley The Drum and Rhythm When it comes to my culture and people were are people of the rhythm. The way we have kept the rhythm has been the way of the drum. As African American we are lovers of the beat and though we only use the drum entertain we understand that it is something more. Though we as a people have went through many transformations the drum has remain practically the same. The most common a style of drum was called a membranophone (Dean, 2011). The Drum is a basic design being formed out of a hollowed cylinder body normally made out of wood, gourd, or metal. On the top of the cylinder typically a plastic or leather membrane is stretched over each end. As there are different styles of drums you have bongos, steel drums, snares, bass, tom, and so much more. We are not sure when the drum was originally invented but is first recorded in the history books around 6000 BC. Museums actually have drums excavated from Mesopotamia that have dated back as far as 3000 B.C. Even looking at the Aztec and Mynas we see that they recorded on several of their wall paintings showcasing the drum as a vital part of their lives. Looking at my culture and descendants we come to understand that the drum was used in every aspect of their lives. African used the drum as a first telephone communicating in beat several villages away the drum help settle disputes...
Words: 1355 - Pages: 6
...The Era of Imperialism During the late 1900’s Europe decided it was in the nation’s best interest to expand their territory and bring inferior race’s under its control. The Europeans would not be the first to expand however they did go one step further, choosing occupied areas. Africa, Asia and the Pacific were three of the first areas to be conquered and permanently occupied. Industrial Revolution empowered Europeans in a way they hadn’t been empowered before; industrialization and technology changed the very nature of imperialism. The European’s possessed knowledge of technology and fire power that no one else could compare to. The Europeans felt that it was their duty as well as their right to progress the rest of human civilization by teaching them their own western ways. Because the Europeans reaped the benefits of profit and global power they felt as if they were justified in their actions. Regardless of how powerful the Europeans were, not everyone shared their views. People questioned their motives and claims of everyone benefiting from the European-style colonization. Eventually those who became subject to the Europeans, became aware of the own lost culture and ways, this began the protest of anti-colonial nationalist. Justifications of Imperialism “Something else is needed for France: that she cannot merely be a free country, that she must also be a great country, exercising all of her rightful influence over the destiny of Europe; that she ought...
Words: 1494 - Pages: 6
...In 2008 African Command began conducting formal operations and from that time to the present much work has been done. However, could we accomplish more lasting results that would benefit Africans by adjusting the method in which we approach the problem? By 10 September 2011 Word count 1885 United States Africa Command (AFRICOM), while unique in nature and mission design, is best suited today to meet the opportunities and challenges it currently is faces with in Africa than any other time in its short four year history. AFRICOM is designed to promote United States national security objectives by working with African Nations and regional organizations in an effort to strengthen stability and ensure security within the continent of Africa. Since becoming operational in 2008, AFRICOM now sits in a prime position from which lasting results can be achieved. After four years of forging relationships and developing trust among its associated partners and working with leading Intergovernmental organizations (IGO) and Non-governmental organizations (NGO), AFRICOM should now adjust its approach to achieving security and stability by taking a new concentrated approach in terms of “One Nation One Year”. Security and stability are directly linked to development. Underdeveloped nations create safe haven areas where terrorist organizations can flourish which is a major concern as it directly has the potential to threaten United States national security and world prosperity...
Words: 1978 - Pages: 8
...Who here has ever been on an island? How about the island of Madagascar? Well those of you who haven’t been I’m with you but I have heard of a strange animal called an Aye-Aye. Do anybody knows what’s an Aye-Aye? Well that’s why I’m standing in front of you today to show and tell you about this strange creature and where it came from. II. I will inform you about the information I picked up from my 12th grade teacher, national geographic, and from bbc. III. The Aye-Aye is an amusing animal that is an educational topic to study and tell others about. IV. First I will explain what’s an Aye-Aye, its behavior and lifestyle, and then its habitat and superstition. What is an Aye-Aye? Are they dangerous or an effect to our surroundings? Why does it look like that? Well I’ll tell you why. I. An Aye-Aye is a related to the lemur and is a standout amongst the most abnormal primates on the planet, to such an extent that it was initially named a rodent. A. An Aye-Aye are related to chimpanzees, apes, and humans. Aye-Ayes are dim tan or dark and are recognized by a ragged tail that is bigger than their body. They additionally have huge eyes, slim fingers, and vast, delicate ears. Aye-Ayes have pointed claws on all their fingers and toes with the exception of their opposable enormous toes, which empower them to dangle from limbs. B. The Aye-aye can be found in a number of locations including Madagascar. It has an average life span of 20 years and is now protected...
Words: 1201 - Pages: 5
...Giraffes are a big attraction in zoos because of their friendly and outgoing behavior. However, in the wild they are not as acquaint. Their lives are dramatically different in captivity than they would be if they were living in the wild. In the wild a giraffes diet consists of grass, twigs, leaves, and fruits from the trees. However, in captivity they are fed a carefully balanced diet to give them the nutrients that their bodies need. This includes alfalfa hay, pellets with added vitamins, crackers that have a lot of grain and possibly even tree bark in them, and fruit and vegetables ("Giraffes in Captivity"). Giraffes tend to consume a lot of water all at one time. When doing this in captivity it is much safer because the water is purified and safe for them to drink, but when they drink a lot in the wild they are more susceptible to dying from getting viruses obtained from the water. In the wild giraffes live about 20 to 25 years depending on gender, but in zoos giraffes live a bit longer. They live from 28 to 30 years of age. Also, in captivity calves have a greater chance of survival because there are no predators such as hyenas, leopards, wild dogs, or crocodiles. 50% of calves don't survive the first 6 months of their life because of predators. In the wild, giraffes who reach adult hood are much more likely to survive from predators because they can use a forceful kick fending off any attackers ("Giraffe - The Facts"). In the wild, giraffes do not lay down very much because...
Words: 410 - Pages: 2
...African speech[edit] On 27 July 2007, Sarkozy delivered a speech in Senegal, written by Henri Guaino, in which he made reference to "African peasants"[43][44] (note that the French word "paysans" can be translated as either "peasants" or as "rural people") and said that colonialism was not the cause of all of Africa's problems,[43] France made mistakes in Africa though "did not exploit anyone",[44] and asked young Africans to fight against corruption and violence.[44] “ | The tragedy of Africa is that the African has never really entered into history... They have never really launched themselves into the future... The African peasant, who for thousands of years has lived according to the seasons, whose life ideal was to be in harmony with nature, only knew the eternal renewal of time... In this imaginary world, where everything starts over and over again, there is room neither for human endeavour, nor for the idea of progress... The problem of Africa... is to be found here. Africa's challenge is to enter to a greater extent into history... It is to realise that the golden age that Africa is forever recalling will not return, because it has never existed. | ” | — Sarkozy, at a speech in Senegal, [44] | The remarks were widely condemned by African intellectuals; many, such as Achille Mbembe, Mamadou Diouf or Ibrahima Thioub, viewed them not only as racist, but as displaying a deep ignorance by Sarkozy of African studies, wondering how it was possible to hold similar discourses...
Words: 378 - Pages: 2
...John Doe AAS-290 The Magnificent Cake In the 1th century Africa was considered a “magnificent cake”, this phrase was a metaphor for African soil. Africa was divided up into new colonies by Europeans. After the end of slavery in Africa, Europeans wanted to expand their empires for industrialization and trade. This was called the “scrabble for Africa”, which consisted of the France, England, Portugal, Germany, and Denmark and they all wanted a piece of African soil hence the metaphor the “magnificent African cake” because Africa was divided amongst these countries like slices to a cake. The early resistance to European invasion was the early British takeover of southern Africa. The British took the Ashanti nation forcefully. The king of the Ashanti was publicly humiliated after surrendering. He was forced to kiss the British commander's boot. The Portuguese farmers were forced to grow cotton for export to Portugal. The price per unit of cotton was fixed by Portugal. The farmers were forced to sell great quantities of cotton at low prices. So many farmers were forced to produce cotton that there was a shortage of crops in Mozambique. The people began to pressure the government to become more liberal. Stronger demands became common, to the point of requesting a full-fledged democracy. The ideas were not only confined to the elite of the colonies, however, the elite held protests. Farmers face grievances from Portugal because farmers were forced to grow cotton for export...
Words: 660 - Pages: 3
...Dr. William Mosley Jensen HCOMM 4350 Nsalu Mbwette Rough Draft Provision of foreign aid to Africa African continent has struggled with chronic poverty and under-development. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been given to African governments. More billions were lent to these same governments. Countless tons of food have inundated the continent, and swarms of consultants, experts, and administrator have descended to solve Africa’s problems. However the state of development in Africa is no better today than it was when all this started. Per capita income, for most of Africa, is either stagnant or declining. For this debate analysis I will address the different types of aids foreign nations give to African countries. I will also discuss the debate of the advantages and disadvantages of the provision of foreign aid to Africa. In the end I will provide a conclusion on what I think should be done. Over the past 6o years at least $1 trillion of development-related aid has been transferred from rich countries to Africa. Yet real per capita income today is lower than it was in the 1970s, and more than 50% of the population over 350 million people live on less than a dollar a day, a figure that has nearly doubled in two decades. Food aid is the source of the international aid system, although it represents only a small proportion of total aid. With the help of international emergency response, famines and other natural and human-made disasters no longer kill...
Words: 1148 - Pages: 5
... Up until the eighteenth century, Europeans satisfied themselves with trading posts throughout the vast continents of Africa and Asia as well as brief missionary activity. However, burgeoning industrial economies and competition between nations soon gave way to new imperialism. The abundance of natural resources and significant economic opportunities in Africa made it the perfect prototype for new imperialism (Document 6). European explorers were more than eager to trek through uncharted territories and claim it for their monarchs. Meanwhile, priests believed that they carried the responsibility to educate these "savages" and spread Christianity, all in the name of the Lord. Through direct and indirect rule, European imperialism brought an era of squalor and oppression upon the indigenous people of Africa, forcing the continent to the verge of a great rebellion. The aftermath of European imperialism can only be describe as wide and varied, altering the face and future of Africa. The negative treatment of the people powered the response of the African nationalist movement as retaliation. Direct rule, the system in which representatives from the imperial monarch directly intervenes in local politics, But through tracing the origin of imperialism, it could be found that they sowed seeds of discord and tension among Africans themselves that would lead to eruption of independence movements at the beginning of the twentieth century, through indirect rule (Spielvogel and McTighe 235)...
Words: 1286 - Pages: 6
...Madagascar Associate Level Material Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment View the “Lemurs in Madagascar – Surviving on an Island of Change” video. Using the information found in this video, and in Ch. 5 and 6 of Visualizing Environmental Science, answer the following questions in 25 to 100 words each. 1. What are Madagascar’s biomes? Discuss the major features of at least one of these biomes. Use the textbook for biome examples. The biome of Madagascar is a tropical rainforest. The first layer is the top of trees. The second layer is where you find lots of leaves that block most of the sunlight. The last layer is the ground of the forest. 2. Which types of lemurs are adapting to the changes? Which types of lemurs are not adapting well? Why? What changes happening in Madagascar are posing challenges for lemurs? Give details about the sources, time scale, and types of change. Human destruction, such as logging, is happening at a much faster pace than evolutionary change. The amount of change occurring in Madagascar as a result of human activities is happening at such a rapid pace, in fact, that the environment and evolutionary process just can’t cope. 3. What behavioral and physical traits are being favored in lemurs in the changing Madagascar environment? The types of lemurs adapting to changes are the ones who are able to adapt well to secondary habitats (habitats altered by humans). One example is the ring-tailed lemur. They are incredibly adaptable....
Words: 399 - Pages: 2
...Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara [republiˈkʲan madaɡasˈkʲarə̥]; French: République de Madagascar) and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the southeastern coast of Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), as well as numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from India around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90 percent of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population. Initial human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BCE and 550 CE by Austronesian peoples arriving on outrigger canoes from Borneo. These were joined around 1000 CE by Bantu migrants crossing the Mozambique Channel. Other groups continued to settle on Madagascar over time, each one making lasting contributions to Malagasy cultural life. The Malagasy ethnic group is often divided into eighteen or more sub-groups of which the largest are the Merina of the central highlands. Until the late 18th century, the island of Madagascar was ruled by a fragmented assortment of shifting socio-political alliances. Beginning in the early 19th century...
Words: 11246 - Pages: 45
...Lemurs of Madagascar, currently in its third edition, is a reference work and field guide for the lemurs of Madagascar, giving descriptions and biogeographic data for the known species. The primary contributor is Russell Mittermeier, president of Conservation International, and the cover art and illustrations were drawn by Stephen D. Nash. The book provides details about all known lemur species, general information about lemurs and their history, and also helps travelers identify species they may encounter. Four related pocket field guides have also been released, containing color illustrations of each species, miniature range maps, and species checklists. The first edition was reviewed favorably in the International Journal of Primatology, Conservation Biology, and Lemur News. Reviewers, includingAlison Jolly, praised the book for its meticulous coverage of each species, numerous high-quality illustrations, and engaging discussion of lemur topics, including conservation, evolution, and the recently extinct subfossil lemurs. Each agreed that the book was an excellent resource for a wide audience, including ecotourists and lemur researchers. A lengthy review of the second edition was published in the American Journal of Primatology, where it received similar favorable comments, plus praise for its updates and enhancements. The third edition was reviewed favorably in Lemur News; the reviewer praised the expanded content of the book, but was concerned that the edition was not as...
Words: 277 - Pages: 2
...I will bring Africa on the radar of the Owen Graduate School of Management by Collaborating with other African and International Students to inaugurate an African Business Club. Though Africa has for a long time been misunderstood and referred to as the Dark Continent, today’s Africa is rising from the ashes of the past as the continent has not only become a major investment destination but is also embracing democracy and improving its infrastructure and ease of doing business. Despite the progress witnessed in the last few years, the continent is still in dire need of well rounded professionals that seek sustainable paths to development and also organisations that can showcase it to the world. My goal is to collaborate with current students and African Alumni, to inaugurate a club that will help increase awareness of business opportunities in Africa, deepen African content in the MBA curriculum, provide a platform to link Vanderbilt Owen students with top African careers and help Vanderbilt Owen improve its visibility & brand in Africa. This will ultimately increase the level of admission applications and recruitment from Africa. To help achieve this goal, the proposed African Business Club will hold an annual African Business Summit aimed at bringing together students and professionals under one roof to discuss new developments on the African continent. These conferences will discuss African trade, business regulatory framework, major economic sectors, emerging economic...
Words: 473 - Pages: 2
