...is to persuade offending from committing future crimes. Research which evaluates specific deterrence has focused on the effect of imprisonment that leads to future offending. One form of evaluating specific deterrence reflects the recidivism rate of offenders who spent time in prison. Imprisonment does not always deter offenders from committing deviant acts or crime in the future but it does hinder them from committing them while they...
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... qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwe...
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...Gang violence can be prevented and put down; people should be aware on what is happening in their communities and tell and or educate people on how to prevent these kinds of things from happening. Every where in the world local and ton of local communities suffer from crimes that aren’t even related to them due to gangs being a major problem in their area this needs to be brought to the spot light so we can put a end to gangs/gang related crimes and by doing this and educating the younger generation and youth we can aspire and hope to create a future where kids and people can be safe from poverty, drugs, violence and shootings and the killing of people due to gang related crimes kids and teens often join gangs because a friend is in a gang,...
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...Case Study 1 5/10/2012 Top Quality Architects, LP My company, Top Quality Architects has just recently won a bid to construct a high rise residential apartment building. Before we get started there are a few considerations to take a look at during the beginning of this new project. The location that the construction will take place borders a high crime urban area. When we construct this building we want our residents to feel safe while living here whether they are parking their vehicle or just exiting or entering the apartment building. Our design will not include ground floor apartments simply because we feel that there is no security and public to private entrance will only increase the possibility of a crime to happen. In order to do this we would have to apply the crime prevention through environmental design concept. Crime prevention through environmental design or CPTED reduces the opportunity of crime occurring. We know that it is impossible to mitigate crime permanently so we take every precaution we can to reduce it by a large percentage. To be effective and truly implement the CPTED principles, the design factors must be blended with the social (human) factors of the environment. This blend requires the involvement of trained and dedicated individuals, (a mix of government, neighborhood, and business representatives) from its design through it use, individuals from very diverse disciplines coming together to design an environment for people...
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...Policing vs. Private Security Public Policing vs. Private Security It is in my estimation, public policing stands for more in society than private security because of the funding provided. The duties and responsibilities to enforce the law and maintain order in society is that of public policing. Agencies paid to perform the protective and lost-prevention type duties not handled by police officers are the private security agencies. Society needs to know the pros and cons for each agency to ensure that agency will protect him or her for the correct reasons. In comparing public policing and private security for society, most individuals need to see the different branches and what each agency offers to ensure the best for the situation. Most agencies leave a good review for society and attempt to provide information on public locations for society to view to gain more knowledge about each system and organization. There are several distinct differences between public policing and private security. Public policing does the following: 1) maintain order, 2) performs community service, 3) detect crime, 4) handle crime, and 5) prevent crime, 6) traffic control, 7) stop and questioning an individual, 8) search/seize individuals and their personal belongings, 9) conduct interrogations, and 10) arrest an individual. Private security does the following paid duties: 1) serves as an escort, 2) patrol housing and business areas, 3) serves as guards at gates, 4) transport valuables, 5) security...
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...Assignment #3: Paper/Presentation (Due Week Ten (10)): Write a 5-7 page paper on the purpose of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and how it is used in public and private security. Create an 8-10 Power Point slide presentation on your paper. The presentation should include at least 3 graphics. This paper should adhere to APA style standards including the following: Double space, 1” margins, title page, in text citation of references, and a reference page. See the Assignment #3 Grading Rubric for grading criteria. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, is based on the knowledge and understanding that proper design and effective use and implementation of the environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, as well as an improvement in the quality of life. CPTED has a creed which believes that all possibilities for natural crime prevention should be used, before involving mechanical and organized strategies; which many feel is much more user friendly and customer service oriented than the methods of past use. While we gain knowledge and understand the designing principles used to discourage crime through CPTED; the conceptual framework is simple to grasp by acknowledging buildings and properties are designed to prevent damage from various forces including natural disasters, and crime prevention. Although we understand that CPTED is not a cure or band aid for criminal behavior due to the complexity of various components; however...
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...Predictive Policing By Jamia Yant April 13th, 2012 In order to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, we first have to look at exactly what information technology is available to police today. The term predictive policing is the name given to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention”. (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010) The five elements of predictive policing focusing on are integrated information and operations, seeing the big picture, cutting-edge analysis and technology, linkage to performance, adaptability to changing conditions. There are a very large number of ways technology used to implement these five elements: patrol staffing and resource allocation, time and location of future incidence in a crime pattern, identify individuals who are likely to reoffend/early detection of career criminals, analysis of predatory patterns, threat and vulnerability assessment, city/neighborhood planning, traffic management, crowd control …and the list goes on. In a world where technology is developing and evolving faster than it can be implemented, it is realistic to assume that the police force would adapt and use that technology to place them in a good position to be able to adequately and effectively do its job. The first element...
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...Introduction In past years, police officers had the responsibility of patrolling particular areas of town where crime would most likely occur; also, they were dependent on citizens reporting crime. CompStat was adopted to help police officers become more aware of crime in a particular area without necessarily doing their normal patrols in particular areas of town. CompStat helps many police departments to utilize different sources and place necessary resources in areas where crime is more common; whereas, many police could not to respond in a timelyto the time. By usg the CompStat system they have a statistical chance of being where they need to be at the right time. COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics) is used as a law enforcement crime fighting strategy by the New York City Police Department. CompStat uses Geographic information system (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify: hotspots”, and map problem areas. CompStat has amassed a wealth of historical crime data which are used by Mathematicians to design and develop algorithms for predicting future crimes. The CompStat process can be summarized in one simple statement: "Collect, analyze, and map crime data and other essential police performance measures on a regular basis, and hold police managers accountable for their performance as measured by these data(The CompStat Process, 2003). a. Input CompStat is an information-driven managerial process. Accurate and timely information is important. The basic information...
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...AN APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF NIGERIA SECURITY AND CIVIL DEFENCE CORPS IN CRIME CONTROL IN NIGERIA AVER TYAVWASE THEOPHILUS Abstract The study was carried out to appraise the role of Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps in crime control in Nigeria. Public Sentiment Paradigm and the Interest group theoretical perspective were combined to appraise the role of Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps in crime control. The interest group theory was adopted for the study, based on its relevance to the working of Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps in Nigeria. The study confirms that Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps lack the necessary equipment to fight crime in Nigeria. They are also inhibited by factors like dearth of manpower, corruption, illiteracy among others based on the foregoing the Corps lacks the necessary weapons and gadgets to check the rising wave of crime in the society especially the with the emergence of Boko Haram. It was recommended that: government should as matter of urgency provide more modern and sophisticated equipment that can match, if not surpass, those of armed bandits, Government should also embark on a very thorough and massive recruitment of able young men and girls to address the issue of death of manpower and finally government should also address the issue of corruption in Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps by punishing member of the corps that involve in sharp practices in the society. Introduction The most rampant phenomenon...
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...Policing Professor: Dr. Mark Cohen Date: 8 July 2014 ABSTRACT Predictive policing relies on using advanced technological tools and data analysis to take proactive measures to pre-empt crime. Predictive policing is the advanced strategy of using information systems to forecast future crime and take necessary measures to prevent them. Los Angeles police department Chief of Detectives Charlie Beck defines it this way – “With new technology, new business processes, and new algorithms, predictive policing is based on directed, information-based patrol; rapid response supported by fact-based prepositioning of assets; and proactive, intelligence-based tactics, strategy, and policy. The predictive-policing era promises measurable results, including crime reduction; more efficient police agencies; and modern, innovative policing.”(©ACLU of Massachusetts) TOPIC 1 Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. The professional era of policing began in the 1960’s when the policing strategy was based largely on random patrol, rapid response and reactive investigation. Unfortunately, the emphasis on response times and an associated reliance on technology resulted in a model that included...
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...Discuss. While the main roles and functions of police have evolved and developed over time the major responsibility of maintaining public order has remained the primary role. There are many varied roles and positions within the police however it seems there is a shared focus on maintaining public order. This is evident through all of the eras of policing and portrayed through a number of incidents, events and periods of time. A small sample of these will be used throughout this essay to depict the main role of police at different stages. Public order regulation is defined as the policing of behaviour in public places, maintaining public order and can also be done through crime control and prevention (White & Perrone 2010: 225). Maintaining public order through various methods of crime control, crime prevention, order maintenance and regulation is evident in the functions of every era of policing (Broadhurst & Davies 2009: 47). Police are often required to conduct public order surveillance, intervention and monitoring at major public events for example sporting events, parades such as Mardi Gras, strikes, funerals or marches (White & Perrone 2010: 289). Upholding public order can also extend to policing domestic violence and other disputes (White & Perrone 2010: 289). The above outlines of the functions through all of the eras of policing reinstate that maintaining public order is a priority function for Australian police. Controlling human behaviour is a large responsibility...
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...changing times and changing nature of crimes, their responsibilities and area of duty is changing day by day. In times of technological advancements, the nature of crimes has been changing rapidly. In order to fight crime and to maintain order, the police forces around the world have always been adapting new innovations in their arsenal. The formation of a recording mechanism and format for various crimes committed in a region was the beginning of a new era in the field or crime prevention. The data records helped to identify the repeat criminals and the nature of crime that they commit. This also helped in providing a better judgment to the convicts. With the dawn of Information Technology, these records were transferred to the systems and this made it possible for the forces around the country to share the data and access it anytime and from any location. This further strengthened the power of the forces against the intelligent criminals. At this stage the Research and Development firms in USA law enforcement agency FBI, started experimenting with the data and the predicting algorithms used by major marketing and retail chains like Wal-Mart. Their research showed results and concluded that Police can use a similar data analysis to help make their work more efficient. The idea is being called "predictive policing," and some in the field believe it has the potential to transform law enforcement by enabling police to anticipate and prevent crime instead of simply responding to it...
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...technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. It will describe how COMSTAT as an information system (IS) implements the four (4) basic (IS) functions; and will discuss the fashion is which IT systems have made police departments more efficient in preventing and responding to crime. I will also explore the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity , and Threats (SWOT) analysis. This is essential for police departments that intend to use the implementation of the new predictive policing. Introduction: For years, business have used data analysis to anticipate market conditions or industry trends and drive sales strategies. Police are using a similar data analysis tool to make their work more efficient. The idea is being called predictive policing. Predictive policing, in essence, is taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime. COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics), an information system, uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify “hotspot”, and map problem areas. For predictive policing COMPSTAT has amassed a wealth of historical crime data. Mathematician have design, develop algorithm that run against the historical data to predict future crimes for police. 1) In order to effectively compare...
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...technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. We have to look into the technologies available to them today. Predictive policing has become the one of leading standard for police departments today. Predictive policing primary role is to simply pre-empt crime, it is rooted heavily in business analytics and relies advanced technical tools and data analysis. In 2009, Charlie Beck, Chief of Detectives for the Los Angeles defined predictive policing in the following terms: “With new technology, new business processes, and new algorithms, predictive policing is based on directed, information-based patrol; rapid response supported by fact-based prepositioning of assets; and proactive, intelligence-based tactics, strategy, and policy. The predictive-policing era promises measurable results, including crime reduction; more efficient police agencies; and modern, innovative policing.” Dr. John Morgan introduced the five elements of predictive policing that focuses on integrated operations, seeing the big picture, cutting-edge analysis and technology, linkage to performance, and the adaptability to changing conditions. Technology is used in many different ways to implement the basics of the five elements. It is used for simple tasks as crowd control to the complex task of traffic control. Technology is used predict the time and location of a possible future crime, to develop patrol staffing and resource allocation. It is used...
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...Title registration for a review proposal: Broken Windows Policing to Reduce Crime in Neighborhoods Submitted to the Coordinating Group of: _X Crime and Justice __ Education __ Social Welfare __ Other Plans to co-register: _X No __ Yes __ Cochrane __ Other __ Maybe TITLE OF THE REVIEW Broken Windows Policing to Reduce Crime in Neighborhoods BACKGROUND Briefly describe and define the problem Crime policy scholars, primarily James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, and practitioners, such as Los Angeles Police Chief William J. Bratton, have argued for years that when police pay attention to minor offenses—such as aggressive panhandling, prostitution, and graffiti—they can reduce fear, strengthen communities, and prevent serious crime (Bratton & Kelling, 2006; Wilson & Kelling, 1982). Spurred by claims of large declines in serious crime after the approach was adopted in New York City, dealing with physical and social disorder, or “fixing broken windows,” has become a central element of crime prevention strategies adopted by many American police departments (Kelling & Coles, 1996; Sousa & Kelling, 2006). In their seminal “broken windows” article, Wilson and Kelling (1982) argue that social incivilities (e.g., loitering, public drinking, and prostitution) and physical incivilities (e.g., vacant lots, trash, and abandoned buildings) cause residents and workers in a neighborhood to be fearful. Fear causes many stable families to move out of the neighborhood and the remaining residents...
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