...Introduction to Optometry Assignment 2015 Sjogren’s Syndrome Abirami Punitharajakurukkal Student Number: 201574605 University of Johannesburg Cell: 0614294788 Email: abiramz4@hotmail.com Contents: Page: Cover Page - 1 Contents - 2 Introduction - 3 Pathophysiology - 5 Symptoms - 6 Signs - 6 Treatment Options - 8 Extra Information - 9 References - 10 Introduction Sjogorens syndrome can be considered as a very typical example of dry-eye related syndromes. It is a chronic...
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...ITT:Breckinridge | Sjögren’s Syndrome | No tears for the unknown. | Nathan Kalim 1/11/2016 | Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) initially described and named by Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren in 1933. Henrik discovered a connection among those that suffer from Sicca Syndrome; Arthritis, Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca or commonly called Dry Eye, Xerostomia or Dry Mouth. If gone untreated for extended time may experience debilitation symptoms, estimated 0.01%-0.1% of the population has this ailment. With its overlapping symptoms SS can be difficult to diagnose. Etiology (Origin of the Disease) The exact origin of SS remains currently unknown, but believed to be caused due to multiple factors within the body and genetic history. Specific sources of SS factors are possible genetic, environmental, hormonal and viral influences, research published in 2010 by H.J. Chang. Those diagnosed with SS show nearly a 12% relation with a family member that also has SS diagnoses. Statistics show that SS typically shows signs in the years 40-60, and is 10 times more prominent in women verses men. SS can be discovered in all ages but very rarely seen in young children or teenagers. Due to SS vague and seemingly petty symptoms, SS commonly goes several years without a proper diagnosis. Symptoms are often ignored or perceived as other ailments or even drug medication side effects, resulting in its commonly prolonged treatment. SS diagnosis is increasingly difficult do to its...
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...leaves not much time for learning because the toileting, hygiene, and eating do take a big part of the day. The teachers usually have a full time assistant in the classroom or two depending on the need in the classroom; this helps the Special Education teacher complete tasks in the classroom. The teacher can work on a student one on one and the assistant can help with the other students needs. (Severe Intellectual Disabilities and Multiple Diablites, 2007) Some of the intellectual disabilities that teachers may encounter I have found are ADHD (Attention Deficit hyperactivity Disorder), Angel man syndrome, Aspersers Syndrome, Autism, Cri Du Char, Down Syndrome, Dysphasia, Dyspraxia, Epilepsy, Fragile X, Klinefelter Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Prader-willi Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Trismoy, Soto’s Syndrome, Tourette Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, and Williams Syndrome. (Activ, 2001) References Activ (2001) Types of Intellectual Disabilities. Retrieved on July 13, 2001 from http://www.activ.asn.au/3/3017/8/types_of_intellectual_disability.pm Severe Intellectual Disabilities and Multiple Disabilities. Pat Mimms. Retrieved from Special Education for Today’s Teachers: An Introduction, by Michael S. Rosenberg, D avid L. Westling, and James M cLeskey....
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...Edward's Syndrome Edward's Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 18 Syndrome, was discovered in 1960 by Dr. John Edward. It is a very rare inherited genetic disorder that is likely in one out of every five thousand births. Children with the syndrome have an extra chromosome 18, causing the child to have many malformations and mental retardation. Nineteen out of twenty of the children with the Edward's Syndrome die before their first birthday. There are three types of the Trisomy 18 Syndrome. The first one is most common it's called Full Trisomy 18. In this case a full extra chromosome is present in each cell. This type is not hereditary. The second type is very rare, it's called Partial Trisomy 18. This type of the syndrome can be hereditary. It occurs when only part of the extra chromosome is present in each cell. The third type is Mosaic Trisomy 18 this is also very rare. The extra part if the chromosome is only present in some of the cells, not all. The defects of Edward's Syndrome can target the brain, heart, craniofacial structures, kidneys and stomach. The children that make it thorough birth appear fragile and weak, many are underweight and have micrognathia. Many of the surviving children have these problems because of the malformed extra chromosome, just one little chromosome can really make or break someone's life. The syndrome can be diagnosis by taking a blood sample from the fetus to look at the chromosome line up. Edward's Syndrome can also be diagnosed by a few other test...
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...Doctors have been left baffled after a Chinese pensioner woke from a two-week coma speaking perfect English - but not a word of her native language. Liu Jieyu, 94, had been unconscious for a fortnight after suffering a stroke, which doctors had feared she may not recover from. When she finally awoke, the retired teacher asked in perfect English: 'Where am I? What is happening?' Surprised doctors were left even more confused when it became clear Ms Jieyu - who used to teach English - had lost all ability to speak her native Chinese. An English-speaking doctor was brought in to talk to the pensioner, who confirmed she was speaking the language perfectly - although a little slowly. Her shocked family say while Ms Jieyu had taught English previously, she had not spoken the language in more than 30 years. They say said she had stopped using English after retiring to live with her family on the outskirts of the city of Changsha, in southern China's Hunan province. RELATED ARTICLES Medic Tao Hou, 45, said: 'I can't ever remember having a case like this before but we anticipate with proper rehabilitation and rest she should regain the ability to speak Chinese. 'We assume that the area dealing with her ability to speak Chinese has been damaged, but brain cells to have an ability to repair themselves to a certain extent we would hope to see at least some improvement.' Ms Jieyu was admitted to hospital after suffering a type of stroke called a cerebral infarction, where the blood...
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...My report is on Cri Du Chat Syndrome. I believe that this type of disease will be very interesting to learn about. This type of syndrome is French for “Cry of the Cat” Children with this condition often have a high pitched cry that sounds like a cat. Cri du Chat Syndrome can affect a male or female. Cri du Chat is one of the most common syndromes caused by a chromosomal deletion. It affects between 1 in 20,000 and 1 in 50,000 babies. Approximately 50 to 60 children are born with cri du chat syndrome in the United States each year. This type of syndrome can be found in both races. An abnormal larynx causes the unusual cat-like cry made by infants this is an sign that the child may have this syndrome. In addition to the catlike cry, individuals...
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...To the parents of Madison Rigby, Congratulations on your new member of your family. Your baby has recently been diagnosed with Velocardiofacial syndrome. It is also commonly called DiGeorge syndrome or Deletion syndrome. It is caused by a deletion of chromosome 22q11 or chromosome 22. It happens when a small piece of genetic material is missing. Because there is a copy of this chromosome from each parent something could've gone wrong in the sperm cell or egg cell. It is completely random. Some symptoms of this disease are: Heart defects, cleft palate or lip, breathing problems, delayed speech and growth, and learning difficulty. This can be passed down from parent to child so if your child were to reproduce there is a 50-50 chance that it...
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... There are different types of trauma acute which is a single event that lasts for a limited time, chronic which is multiple events over a longer period of time and complex which begins at a young age cause by adult’s negligence. In Hebrews chapter 11 and 1 says now faith is the substance of things hope for and evidence of things not seen. In some cultures they believe that faith is their medicine to help them alleviate some of their traumatic events. Developmental delay refers to a child not achieving developmental milestone at the normal age range. There are five developmental delays, gross motor, fine motor, language, cognitive and social. Genetic plays a factors in some developmental delays such as Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, rett syndrome, and muscular dystrophy. These multiple delays influence physical, and social developments. An example of a delay could be if the child was born prematurely, or if the mother had an infections like chlamydia and passed it to the baby during birth. If a mother experience any trauma during pregnancy or during birth like being exposed to drugs and alcohol. Unhealthy home environments where children are exposed to unsanitary conditions, poverty or malnutrition are observable factors that can lead to growth delays. Feldman (2014) Reference: (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2015, from http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-developmental-delay-in-children-definition-causes-symptoms.html Feldman, R. S. (2014). Development...
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...what causes Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) as well as considering the symptoms and treatments. PWS is a genetic disorder affecting chromosome 15 within three mutations. It could result from a microdeletion or disruption of genes of the paternal chromosome 15, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, or a mutation that inactivates chromosome 15 on the paternal copy. Based on these mutations, the most common symptoms of this syndrome are behavioral problems, intellectual disability, and short stature. The majority of the treatments for this syndrome are programs and methods interventions. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder that is...
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...Angelman syndrome Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual and developmental disability, sleep disturbance, seizures, jerky movements (especially hand-flapping), frequent laughter or smiling, and usually a happy demeanor. AS is a classic example of genomic imprinting in that it is caused by deletion or inactivation of genes on the maternally inherited chromosome 15 while the paternal copy, which may be of normal sequence, is imprinted and therefore silenced. The sister syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, is caused by a similar loss of paternally inherited genes and maternal imprinting. AS is named after a British pediatrician, Harry Angelman, who first described the syndrome in 1965.[1] An older, alternative term for AS, "happy puppet syndrome", is generally considered pejorative and stigmatizing so it is no longer the accepted term. People with AS are sometimes referred to as "angels", both because of the syndrome's name and because of their youthful, happy appearance Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), also known as Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy and peroneal muscular atrophy is one of the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, a group of varied inherited disorders of theperipheral nervous system characterised by progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation across various parts of the body. Currently incurable, this disease is the most commonly inherited neurological disorder...
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...When people first found out about Angelman syndrome they called it ‘happy puppet syndrome’ but when Harry Angelman discovered more about it the name turned into Angelman syndrome. When people have Angelman syndrome people have to alter their life to fit their necessities. Characteristics of Angelman syndrome causes peoples skin, eyes and hair to be very lightly colored. People with Angelman are usually are very happy all the time and clap a lot but need a lot of attention. The facial features are flat faced and their eyes are usually far apart from each other. The chromosome 15 and the gene UBE3A is the one cause this syndrome. People with Angelman will suffer from no to minimal speech, delayed development, seizures, stiff movements, and light...
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...it manifests. With no concrete scientific evidence and only theories to date, we can at least see ways to help ease the pain; therapies to help make the patients more active and have a better quality of life. Fibromyalgia: The Pathophysiology Much debate of Fibromyalgia has existed since the first diagnosis. Some people are lead to believe that it replaced Chronic Pain Syndrome and/or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Did it, we will examine that here. Depending on who you talk to Fibromyalgia exists, Endocrinology says no and Neurology says yes. Who’s right, which is what we will find out? What we do know; “Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points” (McCance RN & Huether RN, 2010, p. 1606). If that is Fibromyalgia does that not describe Chronic Pain Syndrome? Well yes and no, Chronic Pain Syndrome usually stays, is always with you all the time, whereas Fibromyalgia has exacerbations that come and go. Chronic pain Syndrome can also incorporate two different syndromes such as Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome together ("Pain," n.d.). While the exacerbations of Fibromyalgia seem to come and go, long term studies indicate that signs and symptoms stabilize within the first year and rarely change over time (Wierwille, 2010). Fibromyalgia (FM)...
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...how it manifests. With no concrete scientific evidence and only theories to date, we can at least see ways to help ease the pain; therapies to help make the patients more active and have a better quality of life. Fibromyalgia: The Pathophysiology Much debate of Fibromyalgia has existed since the first diagnosis. Some people are lead to believe that it replaced Chronic Pain Syndrome and/or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Did it, we will examine that here. Depending on who you talk to Fibromyalgia exists, Endocrinology says no and Neurology says yes. Who’s right, which is what we will find out? What we do know; “Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points” (McCance RN & Huether RN, 2010, p. 1606). If that is Fibromyalgia does that not describe Chronic Pain Syndrome? Well yes and no, Chronic Pain Syndrome usually stays, is always with you all the time, whereas Fibromyalgia has exacerbations that come and go. Chronic pain Syndrome can also incorporate two different syndromes such as Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome together ("Pain," n.d.). While the exacerbations of Fibromyalgia seem to come and go, long term studies indicate that signs and symptoms stabilize within the...
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...Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is one of the worlds most hidden forms, and therefore also least recognised forms of child abuse. The syndrome is a psychological disorder where the parent fabricates illnesses and symptoms in their child, resulting in unnecessary medication that is often over prescribed or overdosed, and sometimes even exploratory surgeries on the child. How many people know about this? Such a minority that it is easily forgotten and almost never detected by doctors, nurses and surgeons, but the friends and family of the sufferer and their victim who is their very own flesh and blood. Therefore, while most child abuse cases go straight to the police, being assault and such other common forms, awareness needs to be raised about this because not only are these children dying from fabricated sickness, but these crimes are committed on a regular basis and are in such clear view that nobody notices them. Munchausen's syndrome by Proxy is an important issue because it is a form of child abuse and there needs to be awareness raised. But although it can be easy enough to spot for some, who wants to accuse someone of this? When it comes to symptoms, they can either be hard or easy to spot, depending on the position you're in. The children usually don't respond, or respond oddly to treatment; have medical problems that don't add up with their history; become well when the parent is away have a deteriorating health either away from medical facilities or when the parent...
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...Neuropsychology- Korsakoff Syndrome Case Study Introduction Indicating to Mr C's case study, the patient may have developed Korsakoff syndrome. Korsakoff syndrome is associated with Diencephalic Amnesia which is seen as 'neurological disease'. Patients that are experiencing this condition is highly related to 'heavy alcohol' consumptions over a very long period (Butterworth, 1989). With an alcohol related issue Mr C has clearly been taking alcohol nearly half of his life due to going downhill during some time (Appendix 1), which may have lead to obtaining the syndrome. This is based on biological evidence that heavy alcohol consumption may lead to 'thiamine deficiency' with the brain. Damage occurs in important areas part within the brain, resulting serve short term memory loss where the patient constantly asks the same questions and repeats the same stories (S. Korsakoff). The symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome may appear suddenly within few days. The patients have normal IQs, are alert and attentive, appear motivated, and generally lack other neurological signs of cerebral deficits such as abnormal EEGs. The major sign of Korsakoff syndrome is; memory loss (unable to recall information), difficulty in obtaining new information or learning new skills, change in personality (become unconcerned, lacking of emotional reactions, talkative etc) and confabulation (makeup information they can't remember). researchers .. Korsakoff's syndrome has been studied intensively...
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