...The skeletal system is made up of bones, associated cartilages, and joints of the human body. Together they form the human skeleton. The human skeleton is divided into two parts: the appendicular skeleton which consists of shoulders, arms/hands, pelvis legs/feet and the axial skeleton which consists of the skull, vertebrae, and rib cage. There are six functions the skeletal system preforms. The first function is support for the softer tissues and provides points of attachment for most skeletal muscles. The second function is mechanical protection for many internal organs, decreasing the risk of injury. For example: the cranial bones protect the brain. The third function is assisting in movement. When the muscles attached to the bone contract, they move the bone. The fourth function is storing several minerals and when needed the bone releases the minerals into the blood. Major minerals, like calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur, are found in our body in amounts larger than 5 grams. Trace minerals, like chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc, are found in our body in amounts less than 5 grams. (Embar, 2005) The fifth function is the production of red and white blood cells and platelets. The sixth function is the storage of adipose cells which are an important source of chemical energy. While there are many skeletal diseases people develop at various times in life some require frequent doctor’s visits...
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...ANATOMY: Skeletal System is comprised of 206 individual bones in an adult human. The bones of Skeletal System are divided into two type i.e. * Axial Skeleton * Appendicular Skeleton Axial skeleton of the body contains 80 bones in the following regions. * Skull: Except for Mandible (lower jaw) it has 22 bones fused together. * Hyoid: It is the only bone not forming a joint with any other bone. It lies inferior to the Mandible. * Auditory Ossicles: Malleus, Incus and Stapes (bones of middle ear) are altogether known as Auditory Ossicles. These are smallest bones found inside the cavity of Temporal Bone * Ribs: There 12 pair of ribs together with sternum forming Ribcage. * Sternum: It is a thin knife shape bone situated along anterior side of Thoracic Region. * Vertebral Column: It is comprised of 26 vertebrae and are named by regions Cervical (7 bones), Thoracic (12 bones), Lumbar (5 bones), Sacrum (5 bones) and Coccyx (4 bones). Appendicular skeleton is comprised of 126 bones in the following regions. * Upper limbs contains bones of the upper arm. * Lower Limbs contains bones like Tibia and Fibula of Lower Leg and bones of feet. * Pelvic Girdle is formed of right and left Hip Bones * Pectoral Girdle consists of Left and Right Clavicles and Left and Right Scapulae. Occupying the 30% to 40% of body mass is comprised of non-living bone matrix and small bone cells. These bones cells allow following functions. * Growth...
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...The Skeletal System The Skeletal System is a very important part of your body and without it you would be a huge blob of skin and organs and tissues. It would actually be pretty gross. Without your bones you wouldn’t be able to walk, or write, or talk, or anything else. When you are born, you have about 300 bones made of mostly cartilage. Cartilage is a soft "mushy" substance that acts as a pad. As you reach adulthood the cartilage turns to bone, and some of your baby bones join together to form larger bones. By adulthood the average human being will have 206 bones in their body. The bones in your body do more than just stand you up and keep you looking good. God made the skeletal system, the network of bones inside of you, to do lots of other important things. Besides keeping you from flopping around like an octopus on the ground, let’s see what else your bones can do. The skeletal system has a few functions. One of the functions, and probably the most obvious is support. Your bones are well designed for bearing the weight of the body, cartilage provides firm but flexible support for structures such as the ears and nose, and ligaments hold the bones together. The second function is protection. Bone, as we all know, is hard, so it protects the organs it surrounds. The skull protects the brain, the ribcage protects several organs such as the heart and lungs. Our vertebral column protects our spinal cord. Our spinal cord is actually just as delicate as our brain, but in order...
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...1. What are the 4 basic functions does the skeleton provide? • It provides movement to our body, • The skeleton provides the protection to the internal organ • It provides movement to the body • It produces red blood cells. 2. What are the 2 types of bone tissue, where is each found and explain the differences between them? • Compact tissues Compact bone is denser than spongy bone. Compact bone is smooth and homogenous whereas spongy bone is composed of small needle like or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae and has much open space. And forms the protective exterior portion of all bones. • Spongy tissues Spongy tissues are very soft and it protects the bone/fatty marrow. And compact bone serves as a protector of the thing within it. 3. State the 4 types of bone. Describe each one, outline its function , and give an example of each? • Long bones Longs bones are strong, curved and wide. They found in legs, arms and include the femur, humerus, tibia and e.t.c. These bones work as levers and it helps to move our body parts. • Short bones Short bones are short, spongy and cube-shaped. These bones are covered with compact tissue and are found in the wrist, hands, knees, feet and ankles. More than half of the bones in the hands and feet are short bones. • Flat bones These bones are thin, flat and broad and have layers of compact tissue and a spongy layer in between them. The ribs, skull, sternum, pectoral girdle...
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...The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal muscles Storage of minerals and fats Blood cell formation Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two basic types of bone tissue Compact bone Homogeneous Spongy bone Small needle-like pieces of bone Many open spaces Figure 5.2b Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Classification of Bones Long bones Typically longer than wide Have a shaft with heads at both ends Contain mostly compact bone Examples: Femur, humerus Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone Diaphysis Shaft Composed of compact bone Epiphysis Ends of the bone Composed mostly of spongy bone Figure 5.2a Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structures of a Long Bone Periosteum Outside covering of the diaphysis Fibrous connective tissue membrane Sharpey’s fibers Secure periosteum to underlying bone Arteries Supply...
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...Intro to the Skeletal System. Chap 6: Bones are composed of several different tissues working together * osseous tissue * cartilage * dense connective tissue * epithelium * adipose tissue * nervouse tissue All of the bones and the cartilages, Functions: * supports soft tissues and provides attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscles * protects the most important internal organs * assists in movement by acting as levers for skeletal muscles * osseous tissue stores and releases minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus * red marrow within bones produces blood cells * yellow marrow within bones stores triglycerides, a source of potential energy reserve Classification: -longbones -- greater length than width - short bones -- nearly equal in l & w - flat bones -- thin - irregular bones -- complex shapes - sesamoid bones -- shaped like a sesame seed Long bone anatomy: * -Regions of a long bone * Diaphysis (Shaft) * Medullay cavity (inside shaft) * 2 Epiphyses (proximal and distal) * 2 Metaphyses (join diaphysis and epiphysis with epiphyseal plate, or line once growth stops) * -Surface tissues * Endosteum * Periosteum * Articular cartilage * Osseous Tissue * -Extra cellular matrix of connective tissue * Water * Collagen fibers- gives property of flexibility and tensile strength * Crystallized mineral salts of hydroxyapatities – gives property...
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...The skeletal system is considered the “framework” of the body. Individual bones and groups of bones provide structural support and placement for attachment of soft tissues and muscles. The skeletal system is an essential component of life; without them, the individual could not perform basic tasks or functions, could not walk, and could not exist in the form that it does today. The skeletal system offers protection for the body’s internal organs, produces blood cells, and acts as a storage container for calcium. Furthermore, delicate tissues and organs are often surrounded by skeletal structures for protection. The skeletal system is typically divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton runs along the median axis of the body and includes the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, 24 ribs, sternum and the vertebral column. The skull is comprised of 8 cranial bones, and 14 facial bones. The cranial bones are flat and consist of the frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, 2 parietal bones and 2 temporal bones. These are connected by immovable, fibrous joints called sutures. The facial bones include the vomer, the mandible and two of each of the following: maxillary, palatine, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic and lacrimal bones. The vertebral column is composed of irregular bones called vertebrae, which are connected by cartilaginous joints known as intervertebral disks. There are seven cervical or neck vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and...
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...The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. There are many conditions and diseases that can affect our bones, short term and long term, including; arthritis, osteoporosis and bone cancer just to name a few. “Bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage make up the skeletal system. …The skeletal system protects the internal organs such as the brain and heart,” says Aubri John of the Live Strong organization. One disease that affects the skeletal system is arthritis. Arthritis is commonly found in elderly people because as the body ages the bones start to become more brittle. “The breakdown of cartilage in this form of arthritis leads to the bones rubbing together, causing stiffness, pain and eventual loss of movement in the joint…The cause of arthritis...
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...tibia, fibulae, metatarsals and phalanges. The short bones include the carpal and tarsal bones, patellae, and sesamoid bones. The flat bones are made of the skull, mandible, scapulae, sternum, and ribs. And finally, irregular bones are composed of vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, and hyoid bone. The skeleton system provides structural support, protect vital internal organs and structures, provide maintenance of mineral homeostatic and acid-base balance, and permit movement and locomotion by providing levers for the muscles. Long bones in the skeleton system are composed of hollow shaft, or diaphysis; flared, cone-shaped metaphysis located below the growth plates; and rounded epiphysis located above the growth plates. The diaphysis is made primarily of dense cortical bone, the metaphysis and epiphysis in the other hand are mainly made of trabecular meshwork of bone surrounded by a relatively thin cortical bone.67...
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...The practice of yoga connects us to the muscular-skeletal system in a dynamic and fundamental manner. The muscular-skeletal system is comprised bones, cartilage, muscle, fascia, tendons, ligaments, and scar tissue. These connective tissues are key components to our flexibility, and connect to the other systems of our body in major and minor ways. Muscle includes both the central fleshy part and its surrounding tendons. The central/belly part of the muscle is composed of individual muscle fibers, which are surrounded by connective tissue that connect to a tendon. The tendon then connects the belly of the muscle to a bone. A muscle usually operates on a movable joint such as a hinge or ball and socket, and when a muscle is stimulated to...
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...and Physiology I Shemika Spraggins Kaplan University Introduction: Skeletal System and Digestive System The Human body is one the most complex organism that is made up of several systems that all work together to keep all of us alive. Amount these systems are: The skeletal System and Digestive System. The Skeletal System has two hundred and six bones that protect the body’s organs, provide central support and attachment for muscles movement throughout the body. This system plays an important function in the...
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...The Skeletal System Overview Can you imagine what the human body would be like if it were devoid of bones or some other form of supporting framework? Picture a "blob" utilizing amoeboid movement. Ugh! The skeletal system consists of bones and related connective tissues, which include cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. Bone is a living tissue and is functionally dynamic. It provides a supportive framework for vital body organs, serves as areas for muscle attachment, articulates at joints for stability and movement, and assists in respiratory movements. In addition, it provides areas of storage for substances such as calcium and lipids, and blood cell formation occurs within the cavities containing bone marrow. The skeletal system consists of 206 bones, 80 of which are found in the axial division, and 126 of which make up the appendicular division. Many of the bones of the body, especially those of the appendicular skeleton, provide a system of levers used in movement, and are utilized in numerous ways to control the environment that surrounds you every second of your life. Few people relate the importance of movement as one of the factors necessary for maintaining life, but the body doesn't survive very long without the ability to produce movements. The study and review for this chapter includes microscopic and macroscopic features of bone, bone development and growth, location and identification of bones, joint classification, and the structure of representa tive...
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...AP1 Fall 2014 Final Exam Take Home – Due at 5 pm on October 29th. • 1. Homeostasis is an important theme in studying the human body. Discuss homeostatic processes in each of the organ systems we covered this semester. Be sure to include discussion of negative feedback, set points, receptors and effectors. (7 points each) 2. Homeostasis- The tendency of a living body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment. (Saladin, 2015) a. Integumentary System – Homeostasis is critical for our body function, in order to stay in homeostasis the body goes through a process called negative feedback. Negative feedback mechanism in the integumentary system goes through 4 steps in order to maintain homeostasis; 1. There is a stimulus or change in the body. Example. Change in the body temperature. a. If the body is too cold it will trigger shivering to warm your body. b. If your body is too hot it will trigger sweating to release heat. 2. The sensor or receptor (sensory neuron) detects change in your body. 3. The control center (brain) sends out signals and messages to the effector. 4. The effector (muscle or gland) is in charge of restoring the body back to homeostasis. (Saladin, 2015) The body must regulate its own body temperature. Our normal set point is 98.6.When we are overheating our body responds in numerous ways in an effort to cool itself, such as sweating. Alternatively, if our body temperature...
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...We all know that the skeletal system provides structural support and the formation to the body while The Joints allow the skeleton to be supple for movements along with the support of the muscles providing the force and strength to move our body. Together, all these elements shape our musculoskeletal system and allow us to perform our everyday physical activities. Researchers know that both genes and the environment contribute to bone health. While genes largely decide some elements of bone wellness, outside factors, such as diet and physical activity, are critically very important to bone health throughout a person’s life. In the medical field it is a fact that the growth of our skeletal bones and the role it plays as a mineral reservoir, and a home for marrow, depends on the circulating hormones that travel throughout the human body and reacts to changes in blood calcium and phosphorus. If these two minerals are in diminutive supply, those regulating hormones will take them out of the bone to serve other vital functions in our body systems. Too many withdrawals can deteriorate the bone, and that’s why the maintenance of constant level of calcium in the blood as well as adequate supply of phosphorus and calcium in cells is critical for the function of all body organs. Genetic issues can produce thin weak bones, or ones that are thick, and the outcome of nutritional deficiencies can result in under mineralized and fragile bone. As I have mentioned earlier bones are a part...
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...The beginning of the Chicken Leg Dissection Lab was a chicken leg placed on the tray. The fibula and the tibia bone of the chicken’s leg was dissected for this lab. On the outside of the leg, it had bumpy skin, had white spots which is probably the cartilage, ligament, and the fat. And the bone was also shown. The muscle was exposed on one of the sides. We soon begin the procedure. The skin and fascia was cuted by a scissor and pulled down gently to the bottom of the leg. We then examine the meat or also know as the muscle. It was smooth and was pink and red. Cutting through the meat, the tendons was shown. It was strong, white, and like a sturdy string. After all the meat was cut off and pulled down to the bottom of the bone, the bone was...
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