...tea. The water slowly turned brown like waiting for the sun to rise. She looked at her dark brown skin If only she were white. She would have her own personal slave a big white house, get to eat real food and get to taste tea! As the water finally turned dark brown she poured it into the teapot. She set out the teacups the sugar on one tray and brought it out as her owner Sarah and her master Sir John sat down. They both took a teacup and put sugar in the tea. Rachel looked into the deep brown of the tea in sir john’s cup. Rachel smelled the delicious taste that was longing to be brought to her lips. Her hands went out to take the cup but snapped back in when Mistress Sarah yelled, “Stop at once! You fool! Tea is only for civilized human beings! Not a negro like you!” Rachel set the pot of tea by Sir John and ran out into the fields where her mother was picking cotton with a few other Africans. She spotted her mother and hugged her. “What’s happened?” asked her mother stroking her braids. “Oh Mother!” said Rachel wrapping her arms even tighter around her. “Rachel!” yelled Sir John. “Go child” said her mother. “I’ll be right here” Rachel ran toward the front door. “A slave owner is here to have a look at you” said Sir John pushing her into the house. Rachel’s heart skipped a beat. She held back her tears The slave owner was sure to take her away from her mother and papa and little Noel who was only eight months old. She would be thrown on a ship and would be taken somewhere...
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...The Effect of the Expansion of Cotton Culture on Slave and Native American Population Overview: To understand the effect of the expansion of cotton culture on slave population. Intro: Cotton was a profitable crop, but was not grown on a large scale because of the slow and difficult process of removing seeds from cotton bolls in order to produce a usable fiber. Plantation owners determined slave labor was needed to operate the southern plantations. It took a great deal of labor to plant, tend, and pick the cotton. Even more work was required to separate the seeds from the fibers and then to bale the cotton fibers. Planters bought slaves to do the labor. The invention of cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 changed this situation. Cotton culture expanded, as did slave populations. The effect of the cotton expansion improved production and slave population all across the South. I: Cotton Production Increases. A. After the cotton gin was invented, cotton production increased tremendously. 1. In 1790, America produced 1,500 pounds of cotton. By 1800, production had increased to 35,000 pounds. By 1815, production had reached 100,000 pounds. In 1848, production exceeded 1,000,000 pounds. II: Slave Population Increases A. At the same time cotton production increased, slave population increased. 1. Slavery spread across the Deep South. In 1790, the slave population was concentrated in Virginia on the tobacco plantations and along the coast of South Carolina...
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...2010-112963 Slave Resistance Paper Due: April 26, 2013 Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life written by Stanley Elkins in 1959 is a controversial seminal piece in the history of slavery. Elkins outlined the problems of slavery in the 1950's, and in depth detail discussed his Theory of Sambo. Elkin's defined Sambo as the standard North American slave personality, a zombie like state of mind, Elkin's believed that slave owners had complete control over a slave's body and mind. He compares slavery in the United States to the concentration camps in Germany. This comparison sparked the most controversy among historians, catapulting Elkin's thesis to become a heavy influence in the study of slavery. After the publishing of Elkin's work, historians shifted their attention away from the slave master's point of view and focused on the daily life of slaves and how they overcame their captivity. The indirect and direct forms of slave resistance disprove Elkin's Theory of Sambo. A vast majority of slaves were shipped from different parts of Africa all having a variety of different ethnic, linguistic and tribal origins fusing together into a new melting pot community upon their arrival in North America. Slaves had formed a culture, and an identity through southern institution, they had a strong family life, religion, education and rebellions to help form and shape slave culture and define the slave community. Family life among the slave community was...
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...Indies. The article examines the resistance and spiritual survival of African Culture among the black Diaspora in the United States. While at the same timeexpounding the scope and the significance of African culture by providing a fertile concept of Africanism that reflects the unique manner in which each black individual of the Diaspora envisions African Cultural retention. Herskovits in his writing posits that the retention of the African cultural has been long lost in the American Culture; however this observation is not the same in the Caribbean/West Indian context. The West Indian retention of the African Culture is evident in many of the religious practices that are still being done in the Caribbean, some of which are Revivalism, Pucho, Voodoo (Vodun), Keele, Santeria, Shouter Baptist and Komfa (Cumfa). These are some of the ways in which West Indians have retained many of the cultural practices of their African ancestors. In his writing Herskovits argued that “for the negro to appreciate his past he has to endow confidence in his own position in his country and by extension the world. He must have scientific facts concerning the ancestral cultures of Africa and the survivals of Africanisms in the New World. In the article Herskovits argued that the survival of African Cultural forms was not present in the American culture as it is in the West Indian culture. He is of the belief that the slaves that arrived in the United States of America came with an already broken picture...
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...was initiated by James Deetz in his first edition of In Small Things Forgotten (1977). The term encapsulates Deetz’s structuralism-based idea that the evident alteration within English material culture and landscape design was more than a change in style, but a universal change in human consciousness—from medieval to modern—and this extended across the Atlantic despite the colony’s increasing political distance from the homeland (Deetz, 1996: 62-63; 2003: 221). Deetz believed that shared artefact form reflected shared thought (2003: 220). The theory has enabled historical archaeologists to recognise a distinctive shift in many areas of material culture which subsequently encouraged a succession of scholars to further this idea by posing key questions: why did the worldview develop, where else was a Georgian worldview visible, how did it present itself in areas outside New England? In the quest for answers to these questions, archaeologists have developed the concept which accordingly shaped interpretations of the material discoveries of eighteenth-century North America. Deetz’s model for the cultural development of New England illustrates that following an interval (1660-1760) of limited English influence on North American material culture, the contemporary homeland culture—which had recently been influenced by the rationality of the Enlightenment—became influential once again in the colony’s artefacts and landscapes (Deetz, 1996: 59-61). In proving his culturalist...
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...Abstract In this final project of Topics in Cultural studies; I hope to expound on the creation of an artifact that is in its very infancy as artifacts are dated. This is one of Dr. Martin Luther King Father, Husband, Minster, Civil Rights Leader and overall Good Man and the Roman type of granite monument that had been built in his honor in Washington D.C this nation Capital. I will talk about The Monument where it’s located and what it looks like, “The Cultural Background” by which all things started from the gathering of slaves and the effects on a descendant of Africa after European influences more than 400, to their freedom from slavery, to the civil rights movement of which Dr. King emerges. From here I will move to “The Man” Dr. Martian Luther King? Here we have “The Legacy” who was this civil rights leader and what did he do to advance this new metamorphoses in culture after the assimilation of Western cultures within the United States of people of African lineage. The Monument My modern cultural artifact is the Dr. Martin Luther King Memorial located on the National Mall near the Tidal Basin and the Roosevelt memorial. It has an iconic address of 1964 Independence Ave, SW Washington, DC 20024. The street number represents the Civil Rights Act of 1964 of which Dr. King played a large role in the legislation being passed and put into place. Here stands a 3 piece artifact of Dr. King, this statue is 30-foot tall and is carved from a piece of granite that symbolizes...
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...offered by the Indians affairs commissioner, John Collier, who admired the Indian’s culture. He stated that they had “…the secret of building great personality through the instrumentality of social institutions” and this knowledge should be appreciated and protected. Collier encouraged mixing the American with the Indian culture and proposed a bill that abolished allotment and helped preserve Indian society. This “New Deal” for Indians was called the Indian Reorganization Act of 1938. This new policy did not benefit all Native tribes. Some like the Navajo, had acculturated, and to go back to old tribal ways financially impacted them negatively. When the New Deal was enacted, the Navajo rejected it because they believed it was a way for the white men to control how they lived. In 1933, their suspicions proved correct when Collier decided that they needed to...
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...Paper Assignment Two Humanities 240D Mr. Wilson March 27, 2012 From the earliest of times, many countries explored lands that could help them develop and expand over time. Members from the countries in the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries had traveled to the extent that trade routes were established and it opened up the eyes of each country and their opportunities. European nations would travel to the Americas and Africa hoping to gain land and other resources, while the Americas and Africa hoped to gain resources they could use for their own gain. Resources such as plants, foods, and animals are native to different lands around the world; over time, as cultures came into contact, it was inevitable for global interactions between Europe, the Americas, and Africa to arise. Without these cultures coming into contact, the expansion of each of these countries developments would not have happened. Between the 1400’s and 1800’s, European mariners had a series of expensive voyages that took them to all the earth’s waters. These voyages helped them discover the world’s geography, but helped them gain something much more. European merchants established a network of communication, transportation, and interaction. The reason behind establishing these networks was to search for basic resources and lands to grow cash crops, establish trade routes, and to expand the influence of Christianity. One European voyage that took place was by Amerigo Vespucci. He traveled to the coast...
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...separation in values and cultures that would divide a nation. It would take a civil war raging throughout the nation to conclude the longstanding separation between the two. The North and South were two different cultures in the same country. In the North, the soil and climate did not favor large farmlands and plantations, and so they relied heavily on industry. Factories were set up making textiles from cotton from the South. Slavery had died out because many immigrants came from Europe to work in the factories. Irish, German, and other Europeans settling in the North led to a huge population boost between 1800 and 1860. There were many skilled workers and the large urban cities were centers of wealth. Both religion and education were organized and there were schools and churches in most towns. Very few boys and almost no girls continued on to secondary school and a college education was reserved for the wealthy. They were more likely to have careers in business, medicine and education. The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities. The South’s soil and climate was ideal for agriculture and growing crops. There were very few large cities and most southerners lived on small farms. Large plantations were owned by the wealthy. Most of the population was made up of Europeans from England and Scotland. One third of the South’s population were African slaves. Cotton became the most important crop after the cotton gin was invented. More slaves were needed to pick cotton...
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...education, cultural interaction and the available natural resources in relation to the development of the country’s technological advancement. Introduction Every country has a culture that allows it to pass traditions and beliefs from one generation to another. Depending on one’s country, these cultures are different and may sometimes those of similar countries seem alike. Most the culture that one sees today is those passed down from ancestors. Therefore, this gives the implication that the cultures originated from the far past. This situation raises intrigue of where some countries got their cultures since they are newly formed and involves the settlements of many people of different backgrounds. Back ground One such country is Jamaica, which began as a place to re-settle freed slaves. The slaves came from different places where they practiced their different cultures yet they managed to integrate and be a nation that has a single national culture. Such integration without any supervision is marvelous and worth studying as this improves one's understanding. Ferraro implies that though cultures are diverse, they can still merge. However, in this case the merging should be relevant to advancement in technology. Motive The study of Jamaica will include factors such of the education system and culture. It is evident that the Jamaicans work hard and it would also be appropriate to learn of the factors that motivate such hard work. Lastly, after proper analysis of its strengths...
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...Western Culture Western culture has achieved some benefits in today’s world. History’s most influential civilization, The Middle Ages took shape, leaving behind a cultural legacy that survived in today’s Western civilization. In some ways Western Civilization has benefited from the world through technology, increasing the middle class, and developing moral value by helping the less fortunate. It is important to measure the past by examining the education system, and the financial progress of the less fortunate. Financial stability is important in Western cultures today for happiness but money is not the only stimulus for happiness. Happiness can only be measure by an individual’s prospective and not by the judgment of other. Western culture has made some net achements, and it is important to measure these benefits to determine if Western culture is happier or not. Western culture’s progress has been a net benefit to the world by developing modern technology, increasing the middle class and developing moral values. There have been advancements in technology through radio frequency, internet, and wide area networking through the telephone system. Although western culture has been able to develop these technologies, it has replaced social bonds which have caused a reduction in community social actives. The development of technology has increased the middle class population by providing profitable job for families’ financial stabilization. Some people believe that technology...
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...beginning. A word that carries such a powerful meaning to certain cultures and societies and little meaning to others. There are 23 definitions in our Webster dictionary for the word family. Which tells us that the word is short termed and is constantly changing in different societies today. The American culture is the most confused of all cultures. As a whole American society feels that a family “is any relatively stable group of people bound by ties of blood, marriage, adoption, or by any sexually expressive relationship; or who simply live together, and who are committed to and provide each other with economic support.”(Mary Ann Schwartz & BarBara Marliene Scott, 5) The authors have attempted to cram everything the American society feels in the meaning of family into one long definition. Family was once used by slave owners, they considered their slaves as families groups of same ethnicity. Like herds sheep and cows. The slaves then took the savage word and turned it into a meaningful word. They used the word to claim different primary groups of parents and child who lived together. The word then transformed to mean a group of people with the same blood lines. Meaning people whose ancestors are traced back to the original primary group. In polygamist group a family is made up a man and multiple wives, a woman with multiple husbands, or group with many men and women married all at once. This culture feels multiple mating is the only way to keep their families big...
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.............................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 4 1.1 Globalisation and hybridization explained from a cinematic perspective ...................................................................................... 4 1.2 The difference between deculturalisation, acculturalization and reculturalisation explained from a cinematic perspective.................. 6 2.1 Three theoretical approaches to the study of the digital divide explained ......................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Culture shock explained .................................................................. 11 2.2.2 How to overcome culture shock ...................................................... 13 2.3 The role of international media in setting the news agenda of local or...
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...One American subculture consists of Black Americans. They have their own unique history that differs from people of different skin colors who moved to the North American continent. Black Americans were originally from Africa and brought to the North American continent as slaves. The most prominent distinctive factor is their dark skin color. In 2015 the black population in America was 46.3 million people, which is about 14.4 percent of the U.S. population. As stated earlier, they originated from Africa and were transported to North America as slaves. They were freed from that lifestyle with the help of the emancipation proclamation that was made in 1862. Since they were separate for a long time, they developed their own cultural traditions,...
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...Even though different cultures disapprove of tattoos, there are significant meanings in tribal tattoos because many tribes require tattoos for different cultural reasons. Humans have tattooed their bodies with a variety of symbols showing their religious beliefs, status symbols, declarations of love, or even different forms of punishment. Scientists say that the marks on the skin of the Iceman dating from back to 3300 B.C., are tattoos. Tattoos also can be found on Egyptian and Nubian mummies dating all the way back to about 2000 B.C. The markings found on the ancient Egyptians were done for reasons scientists still debate about. One theory is that only the “dancing girls” were marked with tattoos showing their prostitute status. The other theory is pregnant Egyptian women were tattooed to protect them during birth and “keep everything in” while pregnant. One thing scientist know for sure is that only the woman in the Egyptian society were tattooed. The tattoos that have been found are all of designs across the abdomen, thighs, and breasts. The designs are dots in a net like pattern the flow across the woman’s abdomen, breasts, and thighs. The Greeks and Romans however, referred to tattoos as a “stigmata.” They used tattooing to mark a person showing they belong to a specific religious group or to show they are a criminal. Roman soldiers were required by law to have tattoos on their hands to make it difficult for them if they deserted their group. Tattoos spread...
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