INTRODUCTION Obesity has already been known for the past several years. Many studies have been made to identify what causes this deficiency. In one of the local TV shows about health, a certain medical doctor said that sleep deprivation can cause obesity. Recently, many researchers and experts have noticed the connection between sleep and weight of a person. Sufficient quantity of sleep is one of the most important factors for a person’s healthy life. Teenagers need more sleep as they grow and develop to maturity. Nowadays, many teenagers especially students have experiencing sleep deprivation due to some factors such as school-related works and net surfing. Recently, evidences have increased affirming that getting insufficient amount of sleep causes a person to gain weight that may be result to obesity. Sleep deprivation causes feelings of fatigue which may lead to reduced physical activities. Sleep deprivation has a hormonal effect that may induce the person’s appetite. Sleep deprivation is very common among adolescents and this has been one of the factors that affect them to gain weight which may sometimes result to obesity. We performed a survey that may show us the proofs that sleep deprivation is linked to weight gain through hormones and physical activities.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Sleep deprivation today is very common among adolescents especially students that affect their activities and health. It might be contributed to weight gain that sometimes results to obesity. Sleep deprivation among teenagers has been worsening these days because of many factors such as the new technologies, computer games, net surfing, school works, and partying all night. These factors might be the reasons why they are being sleep deprived. Increased appetite and hunger have been associated with short duration of sleep. The production of hormone has been recognized as the major factor that linked sleep deprivation to weight gain that may results to obesity.

METHOD AND PROCEDURE A survey process has been performed among teenage students. They were given a questionnaire to be answered and they have completed about the sleep deprivation survey. They were facilitated by us (Frances and Theo). The results have been tallied and analyzed. Related significant articles have been obtained from internet, books and magazines through searching all the possible topics related to sleep and weight gain or obese.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
In this study, we could identify the causes of sleep deprivation among adolescents which is very severe as of today. We could also determine the effects to a person if he/she is being sleep deprived.
This study would show us that sleep deprivation is actually one of the major causes of weight gain which may lead to obesity. And we would actually know how sleep deprivation related to obesity which has been thought to be odd at first by many experts. It might be one of the ways for us to determine the risk factors of being obese which has reported as one of the major causes of death of in most countries as of today. We will be able to identify some ways to prevent sleep deprivation. And we would know some ways to prevent weight gain which sometimes result to obesity.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Sleep is a state of relative unconsciousness and inactivity. The need for sleep recurs periodically in all animals. During sleep, the body is relaxed and most bodily activity is reduced. Brain activity, blood measure, body temperature, and rate of heartbeat and breathing are decreased. However, certain activities, such as gastric and alimentary activity, are increased (Webster’s encyclopedia; 1998). Sleep as a whole is essential to health and life. Consequently, the key to why animals sleep may reside in a need to dream. If deprived of sleep; humans initially experience hallucinations and acute anxiety and become highly suggestible. The average quantity of sleep that a person needs varies according to their age, since an adult person needs 7-9 hours sleep and the younger individuals need more.
Sleep deprivation happens when a person doesn’t get enough amount of sleep. It affects our day to day performances and causes diseases. Insufficient amount of sleep was positively associated with increased weight. Many ways have been studied which linked sleep to increased body weight. Studies showed that short sleep duration is consistently associated with development of obesity in young adults or teenagers, but not consistently so in older adults. Sleep deprivation is being linked to weight gain is by increasing the daily caloric intake of a person. According to the experiment made by some experts with the animals, total sleep deprivation experiments have consistently found to produce hyperphagia (Rechtschaffen, et’al; 1995). And this experiment has the same effect with the humans. In sufficient amount of sleep has elevated both hunger and appetite as what the study shows about the comparison with 4 hours of sleep opportunity per night to 10 hours over a period of 2 days (Penev P, et’al; 2004). Moreover, high fat and high carbohydrate foods were notable to be particularly involved with this increase of hunger and appetite. These changes corresponded with the increase in ghrelin and reductions in leptin, which suggests that sleep deprivation is one of the major factors on the regulation of hunger. A study restricting sleep for six consecutive days found a similar reduction in leptin that persisted throughout the 24 hours day (Leproult R, et’al; 2004). But some experts say that short duration of sleep, as of today where food is very accessible and always available, may simply respresent an increased opportunity to eat especially activities such as watching television where snacking is common and studying up-late where having a coffee break is best (Sivak M; 2006). But those studies that attempted to quantify caloric intake found no relationship between sleep duration and dietary consumption (Toschke AM;2002). However, some studies shows that people who have insufficient amount of sleep have reduced levels of leptin and elevated levels of ghrelin, supporting an effect of short sleep durations on appetite regulation (Taheri S, et’al; 2004). Leptin, a peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes, is implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. The hormone acts on the central nervous system, in particular the hypothalamus, suppressing food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Leptin production is primarily regulated by insulin-induced changes in adipocyte metabolism—its secretion levels correlate with adipocyte mass and lipid loads. Ghrelin is the first circulating hormone demonstrated to stimulate food intake in man. Sleep deprivation also clearly leads to feelings of fatigue (Dinges DF; 1997). And this feeling would lead to reduced physical activities. A study shows that teenagers who get short duration of sleep would not be able to develop an interest with sports and other physical activities that may lead to result to higher interest in watching television, playing video games (Locard E, et’al; 1992). Finally, studies of acute sleep deprivation in humans have been found to be linked in body temperature, suggesting that sleep loss may be an impact energy expenditure through thermoregulation (Shaw PJ; 2005).
Gaining can be prevented only if a person would be able to have a proper time management so that he/she will not be able to experience sleep deprivation. Physical activities such as the basic exercises like walking and doing household chores are the best prevention for weight gain that result to obesity (Time magazine; June, 2011).

CONCLUSION

There are many factors why teenage students are being sleep deprived. Activities such as doing school-related works, net surfing, and playing computer games are some of the major reasons of sleep deprivation among students. And this, basically, resulted to reduced physical activities and their inability to be that efficient. Sleep deprivation is being linked to weight gain that may result to obesity which is associated by an increased on both hunger and appetite. There have been recognized hormones that have a major influence in hunger and appetite. Teenagers with short sleep had reduced leptin and elevated ghrelin. These differences in leptin and ghrelin are likely to increase appetite, representing that the increased weight are being observed with short sleep duration. In this generation, where sleep deprivation is common especially because of technologies and food is widely available, changes in appetite regulatory hormones with insufficient sleep may contribute to weight that may result to obesity. Nowadays, obesity has been very common, since we are in a generation in which food is always available, and has been identified as one of the major causes of death. Gaining weight can be prevented if we avoid sleep deprivation by getting sufficient amount of quality sleep on a regular basis.

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Sleep Deprivation causes Obesity

By:

Frances Marie Santisteban
Theo Louie Rola

General Biology 2- BIO103
Prof. Imelda P. Casicas
September 2012