...Smart Cards for Future Healthcare Systems Secure, efficient, reliable Card-based e-health networks: cutting costs and improving care All around the world, news paper headlines warn about the exploding costs of health care. Advanced medicines and technology are boosting life expectancy. As a result, people can now look forward to living past the age of 80 – twice as long as 100 years ago. This trend, however, has the side effect of driving up healthcare costs. As people get older, they need more frequent and more expensive care, causing the price of insurance to skyrocket. Clearly, something needs to be done to contain these costs. A number of countries have implemented conventional measures aimed at saving money. One of the most basic measures is the introduction of cardbased ehealth net works, which can help reduce costs remarkably. Card for physicians and phar macists, and a Card Application Management System (CAMS). Patient Data Card The Patient Data Card is a PINprotected smart card incor porating a microprocessor and protected by cryptographic functions. It contains adminis trative insurance information and entitles patients to seek medical treatment. In turn, the patients give their doctors access to their personal medical data, which is stored either on the card or in the ehealth network. The card can also hold information such as elec tronic prescriptions. How to cut healthcare costs 1. Reduce fraud 2. Streamline administration 3. Improve communication 4...
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...THE SMART GRID: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH A “State-of-Play” Discussion Paper Presented by the Canadian Electricity Association TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..2 Introduction. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..3 I. Definition and Objectives of the Smart Grid. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..5 A) Definition.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..5 B) Objectives ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..5 II. The Smart Grid’s Five Capabilities .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..7 A) Demand Response .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..7 B) Facilitation of Distributed Generation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..7 C) Facilitation of Electric Vehicles . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..8 D) Optimization of Asset Use ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..8 E) Problem Detection and Mitigation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..9 III. Building Blocks . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A) Hard Infrastructure .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
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...Smart Grid: Focus Areas Smart Grid The current electric grid was conceived more than 100 years ago when electricity needs were simple. Power generation was localized and built around communities. Most homes had only small energy demands such as few light-bulbs and a radio. The grid was designed for utilities to deliver electricity to consumer's home and then bill them once a month which is a one-way communication which is illustrated in figure 1; Before smart Grid. Figure 1: Pre and Post Smart Grid communication This limited one-way interaction makes it difficult for the grid to respond to the ever changing and rising energy demands of the 21st century. The smart grid introduces the two-way dialogue where electricity and information can be exchanged between utility and its customers shown in figure 1; After smart grid . Its a developing network of communications, controls, computers and automation, and new technology and tools working together to make the grid more efficient, more reliable, more secure, and more greener. The smart grid enables newer technologies to be integrated such as wind and solar energy production and plug-in vehicle charging. With our participation as informed consumers, the smart grid will replace the old infrastructure of today's grid. And utilities can better communicate with us to help manage our electricity needs. Grid Situational awareness Situational awareness in the context of power grid operation is the...
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...SMART METERING WHAT IS A SMART METER? A smart meter is usually an electronic device that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing. Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. CloudIndustries.eu provides you several Smart Metering Solutions as per your needs and requirements. Smart meters are an important tool for helping people understand and quantify energy use. They differ from a traditional meter, by providing accurate energy use data in real-time. Our aim is to make energy consumption more visible and help people to understand how much they are actually using. WHY DO THEY MATTER? Pretty much everything we do. But when it comes to energy, we haven’t really seen the same technology transformations take place. Many of us have our meters hidden away in a cupboard under the stairs. Smart meters will change this, as they come with a smart energy monitor that shows you what you use, as you use it, and gives you new control over your energy consumption, along with the opportunity to save money. And you can say goodbye to estimated bills and meter readings – smart meters automatically send readings back to your supplier. So when you receive your bill, you’ll know you’re only paying for the gas and electricity you’ve used. WILL I NEED TO DO ANYTHING? Once your smart meter is up and running, your meter readings...
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...Exploring the imperative of revitalizing America’s electric infrastructure. the SMART GRID: an introduction. How a smarter grid works as an enabling engine for our economy, our environment and our future. prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by Litos Strategic Communication under contract No. DE-AC26-04NT41817, Subtask 560.01.04 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Litos Strategic Communication, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Litos Strategic Communication. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. PREFACE It Is A ColossAl tAsk. But It Is A tAsk thAt must BE donE. The Department of Energy has been charged with orchestrating the wholesale modernization...
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...Smart Cities will be the biggest enabler of Internet of Things Before going on and on about the mentioned subject, a question must be answered. What is a smart city? A smart city is a city where modern technologies and advanced resources are used to uplift the standard of living with the society. The target is achieved with better resource management and adapting methods that are more in accordance with the environment. A smart city is a city which has lower levels of pollution and other adverse effects on the biosphere and environment around it. It might sound something of similitude from science fiction of some perfect utopian future where robots serve as personal comfort assistants of the Human race, people travelling in flying cars or any such levitated contraptions and where we have trade relations with beings from another part of the Universe. To the contrary of the previous sentence, smart cities are not a part of a distant utopian future, but are happening now and the World Wide Web of the Internet has been the greatest tool in achieving it. In fact there are examples of Smart cities in the past such as Bletchley Park, where Professor Alan Turing deciphered the infamous Nazi cipher Enigma machine during World War II. Alan Turing who is often called the father of modern computing, is only fitting that he too once lived in a smart city that changed the course of history and we know and live now. Compared to the early 21st century, our way of living, at least in the Tier...
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...Smart Grid Here is the summary on the talk “The Smart Grid Addresses the Grid Integration Challenges of Distributed Generation" by Saifur Rahman, PhD Virginia Tech, USA. In the talk, he explained on how the smart grid can make a difference by providing two way interaction by exchanging data between stations to enable effective integration of new sustainable energy source. The aim is to provide a smarter, safer, reliable and more cost effective grid system using communication technologies, therefore opening up carrier opportunities for IT graduates. The smart grid can help improve service provider in the sense that it helps improve customer management and billing. It also provides peak load reduction. He explained different types of power generation source such as solar voltaic, solar thermal, hydropower, geothermal, current and wave power that can be used with the smart grid. He explained the pros and cons of these entire power generation sources. Among some problems that have to be taken into consideration is the demand, space, how much land it will take to build a power station, cost, the amount of power generated, how it will affect the landscape and the environment, should it be done in a large scale or a small scale and much more. Another problem is that renewable energy are not always usable, for example solar energy which only generates energy when there is sunlight and wind turbine which provides energy only when there is wind. These energy sources are intermittent...
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...The acronym SMART represents goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound objectives that can help an individual or organization reach its full potential. Each part leads into another step and builds on one another to strengthen the goals effectiveness. It is important to create SMART goals in order to promote growth and create an effective way to measure The first step should be specific and straight to the point. For instance, I want to go visit my best friend in Costa Rica after the holidays next year but don’t want to spend more than $1200 dollars. I am clearly making a statement of where, when, and how much I want to spend. By identifying a specific goal I can better move forward toward reaching that goal...
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...Recently, all the banks in Kuwait use the smart cards instead of the regular credit and debit cards. A smart card resembles a credit card in size and shape, but inside it is completely different. First of all, it has an inside -- a normal credit card is a simple piece of plastic. The inside of a smart card usually contains an embedded microprocessor. The microprocessor is under a gold contact pad on one side of the card. Think of the microprocessor as replacing the usual magnetic stripe on a credit card or debit card. The microprocessor on the smart card is there for security. The host computer and card reader actually "talk" to the microprocessor. The microprocessor enforces access to the data on the card. If the host computer read and wrote the smart card's random access memory (RAM). The Smart Cards provides unlimited benefits to the customers, and its used recently almost in every organization and the business benefit from implementing the smart card. The most common smart card applications are: Credit cards Electronic cash Computer security systems Wireless communication Loyalty systems (like frequent flyer points) Banking Satellite TV Government identification Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages: 1- Flexibility: Smart cards have a lot of flexibility. They can store multiple types of information including identification, credit cards, business and family contacts. 2-Cost and Availability: Smart card readers are expensive to produce...
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...A PAPER ON “SMART MATERIALS:A NEW TREND IN TECHNOLOGY” PRESENTED BY, SAHIL G. GOVINDWAR. . govindwar.sahil@gmail.com Contact No: 7709575108. BABASAHEB NAIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. PUSAD. . CONTENTS . Sr. No. | Title | Page No. | 1 | Abstract | 1 | 2 | Introduction | 1 | 3 | Classification | 2 | 4 | Advantages and Disadvantages | 4 | 5 | Applications | 5 | 6 | The future | 5 | 7 | Conclusion | 6 | ABSTRACT P.V.P Siddhartha instate of technology ramesh_612@yahoo.c ABSTRACT This paper will provide an overview of the smart materials. The various types of smart material are also presented in this paper. To get the clear idea about the smart materials, its definition and types are explained briefly. Some of the types of these include piezoelectric materials, magneto-rheostatic materials, electro-rheostatic materials, and shape memory alloys piezoelectric, Varieties of smart materials already exist, and research is being carried out extensively to derive new materials. Applications of various types...
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...Abstract— Cities need to become smarter by becoming more sustainable, more efficient and more livable. Information technology is helpful in making the city smarter. Smart cities are based on eight pillars comprises of buildings, energy, water, recycling, healthcare, mobility, services and finance. This paper focuses mainly on energy, environment and infrastructure which include all the eight pillars. The key drivers in smart city in terms of energies are maintaining grids reliability and stability, improving energy efficiency across the value chain, integrating intermittent CO2 free energy and intelligent energy storage. Smart infrastructure in smart cities are sensor networks, digital management of water and waste management, resources awareness,...
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...The first alternating current power grid system was installed in 1886.[5] At that time, the grid was a centralized unidirectional system of electric power transmission, electricity distribution, and demand-driven control. In the 20th century local grids grew over time, and were eventually interconnected for economic and reliability reasons. By the 1960s, the electric grids of developed countries had become very large, mature and highly interconnected, with thousands of 'central' generation power stations delivering power to major load centres via high capacity power lines which were then branched and divided to provide power to smaller industrial and domestic users over the entire supply area. The topology of the 1960s grid was a result of the strong economies of scale: large coal-, gas- and oil-fired power stations in the 1 GW (1000 MW) to 3 GW scale are still found to be cost-effective, due to efficiency-boosting features that can be cost effectively added only when the stations become very large. Power stations were located strategically to be close to fossil fuel reserves (either the mines or wells themselves, or else close to rail, road or port supply lines). Siting of hydro-electric dams in mountain areas also strongly influenced the structure of the emerging grid. Nuclear power plants were sited for availability of cooling water. Finally, fossil fuel-fired power stations were initially very polluting and were sited as far as economically possible from population centres...
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...The Smart Grid is a decentralized and interactive system. The interactive nature will involve two-way communication between the utility companies and the consumer. Through Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) consumers are able to make better energy use decisions, defer usage to off-peak periods, and contribute power to peak period usage. Utilities will be better able to detect problems within their own systems and react quickly to replace power sources from multiple possible sources. The “Prices to Devices” concept, based on the premise that energy is priced in real time, allows for ongoing transmission of power availability and pricing to “smart” home controllers and devices. The devices can interpret this information to alter energy usage accordingly – to defer usage to more amenable and less expensive times. The current U.S. power grid is no doubt an amazing machine, but it has many limitations and poses many challenges. One main drawback of the current system is that it was built to move power in one direction – from the plant to the consumer. Years ago this made sense, but today it limits the ability to handle power generated from wind turbines and solar panels. The smart grid uses two-way communication, which handles excess distributed power as well as detects and avoids potential power outages. Currently, power companies rely on customers to tell them if there is an outage or problem. The smart grid automatically detects the problem and instantly reroutes...
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...Smart Grid Policy As we briefly reflect on the inspiring amount of progress achieved over the past century we notice just how dependent modern civilization has become on these fairly new technological advancements. We are currently living in an age of convenience. We are continually creating more comfortable and convenient environments to further disconnect ourselves from nature. Though these modern advancements have advanced civilization by leaps and bounds we have evolved into a dependent population. We no longer fetch our own water, build our own homes, or even prepare our own meals, simple chores that were part of everyday life a short time ago. As we lay back and enjoy the convenience of online shopping and call in Chinese, we often forget that a natural disaster can bring it all to a screeching hault. The Northeast blackout of 2003 gives us good example of just how reliant we are to our electrical grids. In just two days without electricity New York City encountered a host of problems ranging from communication, transportation, financial, and industrial. The blackout was due to a software bug the infiltrated the outdated power grid of the region leaving over a dozen states and even parts of Canada in the dark. Our current power grid was constructed in the early 1900’s and has continuously been patched up over the years. Though our grid continues to keep the lights on to this day we must adopt a Smart Grid system that allows for our digital technology communicate with...
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...Security in the Smart Grid introduction Present and future battlefronts of electronic terrorism includes the state of readiness and resilience of the computer equipment protecting America's energy distribution networks and industrial control systems. According to a Pike research report [1] published March 1st of this year, it is projected that investments in smart grid cyber security will total $14 billion through 2018. First, what is a power grid? A power grid consists of several networks that carry electricity from the power plants where it is generated to consumers, and includes wires, substations, transformers, switches, software, and other hardware. The grid in the past used a centralized one-way communication distribution concept that consisted of limited automation, limited situational awareness, and did not provide the capability for consumers to manage their energy use. “Smart Grid” generally refers to a class of technology designed to upgrade the current utility grid infrastructure to improve the efficiency on the power network and in energy users’ homes and businesses. Much of the legacy power plant infrastructure is now over 30 years old with electrical transmission and distribution system components (i.e. power transformers) averaging over 40 years old and 70% of transmission lines being 25 years or older [2]. In December 2007, Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 became an official...
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