...514 October 19, 2015 James L. Smith City Demographics and Crime Profile of Chicago Chicago is a big and beautiful city in the United States, this paper will discuss the cities demographics and analyze a criminal profile. It will include the characterization of the city in terms of social and intellectual context and identify social factors that contribute to crime. A description of beliefs people living there would accept for explaining criminal behavior by linking of events or attitudes. It will consider the changes in land use, property values, transportation, and retail as one moves away from the city. If there are any changes, it will describe the distances between these two areas, if those changes are noticeable, and whether or not zones of transition apply to this city. Identification of criminal hot spots and how the findings relate to the role of socioeconomic status and values in criminological theory will be discussed. It will identify and rationalize a sociologic theory that best explains the crime in Chicago. The social factors that have contributed to crime in the Chicago area seem to be those of poverty and lack of education. People are allowing children to be raised in these areas that will lead to their participation in the future. Children are receptors of learning by example. Neighborhood culture influences the type of people who live in the area. High crime areas have a higher rate of drop outs and dysfunctional families leading to juvenile crime. Social...
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...would critically discuss the relational polarity between these two theories by first examining and then comparing their respective etiologies. Second, it would examine and critique the interplay between ideology and British crime policy. Left Realism (LR): Etiology. “Left realism was explicitly, although not exclusively, concerned with the origins, nature, and impact of crime in the working class” (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2007: p.191). It was a radical criminology and a very British development (Newburn, 2007). It was ‘Left’ as crime was envisaged as endemic owing to the class and patriarchical construction of advanced industrial society, and ‘realist’ in its aetiology and appraisal of crime (Young, 1997). Its theoretical and criminological roots could be traced back to neo-classicism and social positivism as epitomised by Cesare Beccaria and Adolphe Quetelet during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries respectively (ibid). Unsurprisingly, it was seen as a reaction to the...
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...COMPUTER CRIMES A Case Study submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the completion of the course in CIS401M: IT ETHICS AND LEADERSHIP Term 3, Academic Year 2014-2015 by LORETO V. SIBAYAN PAUL MATTHEW G. AVILA Master of Science in Information Technology College of Computer Studies April 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 5 CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 2 2.0 OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 2.1 CYBERCRIME 9 2.2 THEORIES OF CRIME 2.2.1 CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES 10 2.2.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES 12 2.3 TYPES OF CRIME 14 2.3 CAUSES CYBERCRIME 19 2.4 CYBERCRIME PREVENTION 22 CHAPTER 3 3.0 ANALYSIS CYBERCRIME CASES 26 SUMMARY OF CYBERCRIME CASES 38 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 43 REFERENCES 44 ABSTRACT The 21st century has brought about certain influences in the lives of everyone including the way we do business transactions, the way we gain education and the way we communicate; these influences are mostly revolutionized through the use of modern day technology and though these technologies have been proven to be beneficial to the entire society, it also carries with it aspects that can be worrying for everyone. Certain professionals in the said field use their expertise to illegally develop ways on how to take advantage of others with of course the use of technology hence cybercrime...
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...Asian Criminology (2008) 3:61–73 DOI 10.1007/s11417-007-9040-1 Kidnap for Ransom in South East Asia The Case for a Regional Recording Standard Mohd Kassim Noor Mohamed Received: 27 July 2007 / Accepted: 5 November 2007 / Published online: 15 December 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Kidnapping for ransom is not a new phenomenon. According to the Control Risk Group, an international risk consultancy, kidnappings of foreign nationals globally have increased by 275% over the past 10 years. High profile incidents such as the tourist kidnappings in 2000 by the Abu Sayyaf group, operating out of the troubled southern region of the Philippines, show that South East Asia has its own regionalised kidnapping hotspots. It is suspected that a high proportion of kidnappings are perpetrated by economically motivated crime groups but it is not possible to estimate with any degree of accuracy what percentage can be attributed to organised crime. This article will provide an overview of the problem, drawing upon existing literature available in the public domain. A typological discussion will show the critical differences between the various categories of kidnapping. The reliability of existing statistics, categorisation and recording of kidnapping for ransom will also be scrutinised, in particular for their variability across the region, to see whether this presents a barrier to a better understanding of the size and seriousness of the problem. As kidnapping for...
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...team Developer: Dr Daniel Gilling, University of Plymouth (Unit 2) Designer: Louise Aylward, OUHK Coordinator: Dr Raymond W K Lau, OUHK Members: Dr Czeslaw Tubilewicz, OUHK Dr Garland Liu, OUHK External Course Assessor Dr Dennis S W Wong, City University of Hong Kong Production ETPU Publishing Team Copyright © The Open University of Hong Kong, 2001, 2011. Reprinted 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the President, The Open University of Hong Kong. Sale of this material is prohibited. The Open University of Hong Kong Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Hong Kong This course material is printed on environmentally friendly paper. Contents Introduction 1 The focus of criminology 4 What is criminology? Why study crime? 4 6 Developing theory: the foundations of criminology 8 Theorizing about crime before criminology: the classical perspective Positivist criminology 8 10 Sociological criminology The Chicago School Strain and subcultural theories of crime Control theories The labelling perspective Critical criminology 14 15 17 21 23 27 Environmental criminology 30 Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman Routine activity theory Rational choice theory 30 33 35 Summary 39 References 41 Feedback on activities 43 Readings Unit 2 Introduction The purpose of this unit is to introduce you to...
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...Criminological Perspectives on Probation This assignment will critically discuss whether victims are at the heart of criminal justice (CJ) considerations for policy reform. It will consider a number of theoretical perspectives, including victimology and critically discuss how the needs of victims of crime, including the services available, are tackled through a criminal justice response and the demands of the victim movement. The essay will demonstrate the impact of politics upon policy and practice initiatives on both a national and local level. Furthermore, there will be a discussion predominately about how probation policy and practice can appropriately respond to the needs and diversity of different victim groups, whilst touching briefly on other criminal justice agencies. To allow this assignment to be focused it will also concentrate largely on issues surrounding women as victims of domestic violence and examples within Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities. The 1985 United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power broadly defined the term ‘victims’ as: Persons who individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts…that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member States. (cited in Goodey, 2005:10) While Goodey suggests that victims are ‘now at the heart...
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...Cover Sheet Title The Effectiveness of Parental Involvement for Improving the Academic Performance of Elementary School Children Reviewers Chad Nye, PhD Jamie Schwartz, PhD Herb Turner, PhD Contact reviewer Chad Nye UCF Center for Autism & Related Disabilities 12001 Science Drive, Suite 145 Orlando, FL 32826 Phone : 407-737-2566 FAX : 407-737-2571 email : cnye@mail.ucf.edu 1 1.0 BACKGROUND The role of parents has long been thought to be centrally important to the academic achievement of their children. However, this role had neither been analyzed nor systematically studied using an experimental design until the 1960’s. The evaluation of the Head Start Program in the United States (Coleman, Campbell, Hobson, McPartland, Mod, Weinfeld, & York, 1966) fostered a national focus on outcomes related to parental involvement by suggesting a substantial relationship between parental involvement in their child’s education and their child’s success in academic domains. Subsequent studies have been presented which support the findings from Coleman, et al. (Duff & Adams, 1981; Henderson, 1987; 1988). Even so, other studies have reported either mixed or no significant differences between experimental and control groups when measuring the effect of parental involvement on student achievement (Griffith, 1996; Heller, & Fantuzzo, 1993; Henry, 1974; Keith, Reimers, Ferman, Pottenbaum, & Aubrey ,1986; Ryan, 1964; Searles, Lewis & Morrow, 1982). Some of the discrepancy across studies...
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...n The Flinders University of South Australia St liool of Social Sciences A Report on a Study of Vandalism in Two Selected Regions in Adelaide by Allan Patience Senior Lecturer in Sociology A REPORT ON A STUDY OF JUVENILE VANDALISM IN TWO SELECTED REGIONS IN ADELAIDE Allan Patience Senior Lecturer in Sociology School of Social Sciences The Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park, S.A. 5042 Australia CONTENTS Acknowledgements I II III IV V VI INTRODUCTION AIMS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY Acknowledgements This research has been funded by generous grants from the Criminology Research Council and The Flinders University of South Australia. The difficult task of interviewing (the central part of the research) was performed with exemplary sensitivity and skill by Pamela McNeil and Robyn Schutte. This report should be read in conjunction with the report by Robyn Schutte (Schutte, 1982) which is a comprehensive and intelligent reflection on part of the research. Sue Manser has coped with the onerous task of typing up an unreadable manuscript with her usual forebearance and good humour. INTRODUCTION Juvenile delinquency is - in very broad terms - the non-conformity of legally "irresponsible" adolescents to prevailing norms, customs and views on law and order in society. In the West the period of adolescence has come to be viewed as one of stress and crisis as children adjust themselves, and are required...
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...hundred and forty-six students of grade 8 completed the Emotional Behavioural Scale for Pakistani Adolescents (EBS-PA; Soomro, 2010), and rendered measures of their social anxiety, malevolent aggression, and social self-esteem scores. These measures cumulatively represented emotional behaviour in these children, based upon Clarbour and Roger‟s (2004) model of emotional style, on which the EBS-PA scale is based. We then ascertained academic grades of these students from their school records and ran correlation between academic achievement (grades) and emotional behaviour measures. Results revealed academic achievement to be negatively associated with malevolent aggression, but positively related to social self-esteem. In addition, mediator analysis indicated social self-esteem to partially mediate the relationship between malevolent aggression and academic achievement. Keywords: emotional behaviour, academic achievement, adolescents, Pakistani There is robust evidence that emotional and behavioural problems are related with academic difficulties (Arnold, 1997; Hinshaw, 1992). These associations predict school drop-out rate, academic failure, delinquency, drug abuse, and unemployment which not only affect the individual but impacts the society as well (Lane, Carter, Pierson, & Glaeser, 2006; Trout, Nordness, Pierce, & Epstein, 2003). In developed countries, emphasis on developing a healthy personality during childhood has led to life successes in the individuals‟ adult life...
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...MGT3110 Business and Society MODULE HANDBOOK 2013-2014 Module Leader (London): Dr. Andrea Werner Module Tutor (Dubai): Mr. Kieran Ross Middlesex University Dubai Business School Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION AND MODULE SUMMARY.............................................................3 Module aims .................................................................................................................3 Contacts .......................................................................................................................3 Module Website on MyUniHub .....................................................................................3 Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................4 Assessment Scheme ...................................................................................................4 Employability Skills.......................................................................................................4 Code of Conduct ..........................................................................................................5 2. LEARNING MATERIALS ............................................................................................6 3. TIMETABLE AND TEACHING PROGRAMME ...........................................................8 Lecture and Seminar Schedule.................................................................................... 8 Lectures...
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...State. .............................................................................. Signature .............................................................................. Date [ii] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A project of this nature could not have been complete without the support of some people. At this juncture, I will like to recognize the assistance of such people who made indispensable contributions towards the realisation of this work. I received much technical support from my supervisor Prof Ebben Van Zyl and cosupervisors Dr Petrus Nel and Dr Estelle Boshoff. I appreciate all the efforts they made in seeing that this study is diligently done. I remain particularly indebted to them. Special gratitude goes to my entire family especially my parents Mr & Mrs Nde for the moral and financial support they gave me my sister, Adeline; my brothers Davidson and Jeff and my friends Neneh and Silas for the constant love, concern and encouragement they have shown to me. [iii] TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION...
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...Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2013, Vol. 105, No. 4, 667– 687 © 2013 American Psychological Association 0022-3514/13/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0033485 Subcomponents of Psychopathy Have Opposing Correlations With Punishment Judgments Jana Schaich Borg Stanford University and Duke University Rachel E. Kahn University of New Orleans Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Duke University This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. Robert Kurzban University of Pennsylvania Paul H. Robinson University of Pennsylvania Law School Kent A. Kiehl University of New Mexico and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico Psychopathy research is plagued by an enigma: Psychopaths reliably act immorally, but they also accurately report whether an action is morally wrong. The current study revealed that cooperative suppressor effects and conflicting subsets of personality traits within the construct of psychopathy might help explain this conundrum. Among a sample of adult male offenders (N 100) who ranked deserved punishment of crimes, Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) total scores were not linearly correlated with deserved punishment task performance. However, these null results masked significant opposing associations between task performance and factors...
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...Research report: 21 Disabled people’s experiences of targeted violence and hostility Chih Hoong Sin, Annie Hedges, Chloe Cook, Nina Mguni and Natasha Comber Office for Public Management Disabled people’s experiences of targeted violence and hostility Chih Hoong Sin, Annie Hedges, Chloe Cook, Nina Mguni and Natasha Comber Office for Public Management © Equality and Human Rights Commission 2009 First published Spring 2009 ISBN 978 1 84206 123 7 Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report Series The Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report Series publishes research carried out for the Commission by commissioned researchers. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Commission. The Commission is publishing the report as a contribution to discussion and debate. Please contact the Research Team for further information about other Commission research reports, or visit our website: Research Team Equality and Human Rights Commission Arndale House The Arndale Centre Manchester M4 3AQ Email: research@equalityhumanrights.com Telephone: 0161 829 8500 Website: www.equalityhumanrights.com You can download a copy of this report as a PDF from our website: www.equalityhumanrights.com/researchreports If you require this publication in an alternative format, please contact the Communications Team to discuss your needs at: communications@equalityhumanrights.com Contents List of abbreviations Acknowledgements...
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...Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’ Companion s Joshua D. Angrist Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jörn-Ste¤en Pischke The London School of Economics March 2008 ii Contents Preface Acknowledgments Organization of this Book xi xiii xv I Introduction 1 3 9 10 12 16 1 Questions about Questions 2 The Experimental Ideal 2.1 2.2 2.3 The Selection Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Random Assignment Solves the Selection Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regression Analysis of Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II The Core 19 21 22 23 26 30 36 38 38 44 47 51 51 3 Making Regression Make Sense 3.1 Regression Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 Economic Relationships and the Conditional Expectation Function . . . . . . . . . . . Linear Regression and the CEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asymptotic OLS Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Models, Main E¤ects, and Other Regression Talk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regression and Causality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 The Conditional Independence Assumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Omitted Variables Bias Formula . ....
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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