...based on a personal experience I had with a male Saudi Arabian Officer that was my classmate during BOLC (Basic Officer Leadership Course). Due to my lack of cultural knowledge, I found myself struggling to communicate with him until I took the time out to learn about their cultural differences. Country Information Saudi Arabia, formally known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a desert country, encompassing most of the Arabian Peninsula. The country is positioned between the Red Sea in the west and the Arabian Gulf in the east. It is bounded on the north by Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait, and on the south by the Yemeni Republics (north and south), and on the east by the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar and Oman (“The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Brief,” n.d., para 1). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is approximately 1,960,582 sq. km and occupies an area about the size of the United States east of the Mississippi River. Riyadh is the capital city of Saudi Arabia. The name originated from the Arabic word meaning a place of gardens and trees ("rawdah"). Tthe city is located in the Riyadah province, one of the country’s 13 provinces, and is situated in the central portions of both the country and the larger Arabian Peninsula (Tschangho, 2015). Saudi nationals constitute about two-thirds of the city's population. Among the non-Saudi population, Asians (among whom Indians and Pakistanis...
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...Literature Review on Human Resource Management in the Middle East. This paper seeks to investigate and review the literature of Human Resources Management (HRM) and its integration into the Middle East. According to Jordanian researchers, Aladwan, Bhunupgopan, & Fish, the few available 129 HRM Jordanian studies are not based on empirically-based but tend to be anecdotal in nature. Consequently, little concrete information exists to chart an effective awareness of either current or future HRM strategies or practices in the Middle East (2014). More fundamentally, structural barriers exists as well. Some of the local challenges that confronted the region included the very rapid demographic shift in the population, the varying oil prices, the glaring extremes of wealth, inadequate educational system and a very large semi illiterate population, and less than assertive governments that failed to bring long-term and short-term changes (Harry, 2007). To begin, there must be some recognition of the diversity of the Middle East. The three main areas are so-called because of the legacy of colonization and European statecraft. The Levant consists of the geographical region that includes Israel, Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon. This area has a very long history tied to Europe going back centuries to the Crusades and the Holy Roman Empire. The Gulf regions comprised of the Arabian Peninsula and has only been regionally important in the past century and the discovery of oil....
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...maintain higher productivity, have increased job satisfaction, meet organizational goals, and strive to be competitive in the job market today. When a leader can understand what motivates his or her employees, then employees will invest in the improvement of the company (Adler & Gunderson, 2008, p. 184). As the business world becomes more global each and every day, managers must also begin to think more globally. This includes investigating which motivational practices work the best for different cultures. This paper will first describe in depth several highly-used motivational theories and explain why they are so important. It will then discuss the cultures of four different regions of the world, including North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. It will explain how to use those...
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...Cross-Cultural Perspectives ETH 316 BP is a global organization that has a multinational presence in the world. A cultural issue that can impact this organization outside of the United States is gender. In the United States and several other countries that BP works in, gender is not an issue as culturally it is acceptable for men and women to be in business together, but in some countries, especially in the Middle East this is tricky cultural difficulty. This can be a serious issue because women should be able to be equals in a corporation, but at the same time, BP has to be able to not offend someone that they are trying to do business with because they are culturally uncomfortable with women in business. This is a delicate balancing act between ethics, social responsibility and cultural awareness for the company. Legally and ethically a woman should be able to perform all the same tasks as a male counterpart, but it may be in the best interests of the company to respect the cultural differences that can occur in doing business in other countries. There are several ethical perspectives at BP when it comes to dealing with culture and gender. Consequence ethics and principle-based ethics can both be at play in this situation. Consequence ethics in that there can be consequences from both making business partners uncomfortable and in choosing a man over a woman for business dealings because of cultural differences. Principle-based ethics looks at this situation...
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...The purpose of this report was to raise awareness about abused women in Lebanon and try to promote their rights. Research for this report included true based stories from reality shows and social media, furthermore, literature on web-based tuitions and interview with a professional social worker who deals with abused women. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective of women abuse concentrating in South of Lebanon. Other calculations include rates of numbers of women being abused including statistics of women educated in Lebanon. We also found two reality shows where men clarify why women are allowed to be abused and that it is the right thing to do in certain situations. Furthermore, we inserted KAFAA’s point of view on this matter including what type of situations they dealt with. Also, we have a valid report on the behaviors of the victim and the abuser by a Dr. from psychology department. The interview reveals reasons to why women are abused and how should they react to it. The report finds that even though the government tried to pass a bill that will give women some rights, the religious groups withdrew the law by claiming that it is against their beliefs and that the Shariaa is more than enough. It is a true fact however; if the Shariaawas fully implemented then it would have worked perfectly as said by Dima El Dassouki, a social work in AUH who works with abused women. Finally, through unlimited research and observation, this...
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...2014 Introduction: There are around 196 countries in the world and the cultures and values differ between the different countries. There are still similarities in some of the culture traits. In today’s world people are more willing to engage in global business and for this reason they need to be able to adapt to the different cultures. As the cultures vary from country to country, people around the world may face many difficulties during their communication. Many businesses have failed due to the fact that they failed to fully assess the market they were entering in. The paper will portray three different approaches that will aid in understanding cultural differences that can be utilized as effective tools in conducting global business. These approaches are known as the context approach, the cluster approach and the dimension approach. 1. Context Approach: This is one of the three main approaches to understand cultural differences. Context approach is considered as the most straightforward as it relies on a single dimension. In addition, there are two parts of the context approach, known as: (i) High context cultures and (ii) Low context cultures. The two types of contexts have different cultures, values, norms, and ways of thinking. In low-context cultures such as North American and Western European countries, communication usually takes place at face value whereas, in high-context cultures such as Asian and African countries, communication relies upon unspoken condition...
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...Woman as a leader in Middle East Research Introductions Nowadays, the leadership of woman is become more essential in the developing process for the civilized societies as a man’s colleague in managing companies. However, woman in some societies still facing many difficulties at her work like cultural heritages that do not accept the woman as a leaders. In the last two decade woman’s leadership value increased significantly comparing to man in managing public and private organizations in Jordan .we started to see women in the decision making position in organization and leading their own businesses ,and fortunately the government constantly support them ,however , Whilst the subject of women and organization leadership is well documented internationally, research in this field is rare in Middle East and Jordan in particular. This scarcity consolidates the commonly held belief that equity has been achieved in this country which masks the persistence of gender discrimination and social injustice. My study will explore three keys: (1) how culture shape the way woman lead as well as their perceptions and beliefs about leadership in business and organizations in Jordan.(2) The Jordanian cultural influence on woman leadership. (3) The obligation of these woman leaders to have significant positive influence on their culture....
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...organs that determine an individual’s sex, as you’re either born male or female. However, gender determines something different. Gender defines if you are a man or woman, giving specific attributes and behaviors each sex should have, which will ultimately define whether or not you’re considered a man or a woman. For example, men are supposed to be strong, void of emotion and dominant, whereas women are supposed to be fragile, emotional and submissive. However, gender formation leads us to ask one very important question. How could complex organisms, such as human beings be broken down into two categories as it relates to gender? Furthermore, we have world comprised of countless societies and cultures, so how can one truly define gender? What it takes to me a man or woman in one place may differ somewhere else. In Her essay “Night to His Day” Judith Lober states, “Individuals are born sexed but not gendered, and they have to be taught to be masculine or feminine.” (624) Therefore in order to understand the term gender, we must first understand how gender is promoted, how it varies and the negative effects associated with gender construction. I support the Nature theory because I feel that a lot of traits are inherited. For example your appearance, your attitude, your social ability and how you interact with others. I think that all of these traits are inherited and not determined by the environment in which we live. I...
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...States, which is considered cosmetic, is having the labia reshaped and evened up. According to Sandra Bell, there are unsubstantiated reports that some women in the United States are in communities where an extreme form of female circumcision is the ritual sacrifice of the entire external clitoris (Bell, 2012). In Africa an estimated 114 million women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), that consists of partial or total removal of the external female genitalia (WHO, 2012). In Africa those procedures are not done for pleasurable or cosmetic reasons. FGM is internationally recognized as a violation of the human rights of girls and women in Africa. Before we label female circumcision a trend, we need to be informed of what FGM is considered in other countries, why it’s done, and what is being done to eliminate this practice. FGM is mostly practiced in the western, eastern, and north-eastern regions of Africa. It was a part of the tribal coming of age and remains, a cultural, not a religious practice. It is highly controversial and condemned by most religious organizations. FGM is practiced in many forms. Listed by increasing severity, Type I is Sunna mutilation, in which the clitoral covering is removed along with all or part of the clitoris. This procedure is commonly done in West Africa countries, where it is called “Sunna Kashfa” the open Sunna. In the United States this procedure is called a clitoridectomy. Type II is Excision, where the entire...
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...University of Phoenix Material Multicultural Matrix and Analysis Worksheet Instructions: Part I: Select and identify six groups in the left-hand column. Complete the matrix. Part II: Write a summary. Part III: Format references consistent with APA guidelines. |Part I: Matrix |What is the group’s history in the United |What is the group’s population in the |What are some attitudes and customs people|What is something you admire about | | |States? |United States? |of this group may practice? |this group’s people, lifestyle, or | | | | | |society? | | |African-American history starts in the 17th |2005 U.S. Census figures, some 39.9 |Grandmother is usually in charge of the |Being a strong, determined people. | | |century with indentured servitude in British |million African Americans live in the |family. Many African Americans are Baptist|Strong family ties even without a | | |America and progresses onto the election of |United States, comprising 13.8% of the |Christians. The African American church is|father in evidence. Artistic talent | | ...
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...twins, age thirteen for the experimental group. My observations were to observe both groups for a week during different intervals of media exposure. My nephews, the experimental group, were observed during and after watching television, using the computer, and listening to music. They were then observed when these forms of media were limited. My mother and sister, the control group, were observed during the limited periods of their television usage and listening to non-secular music. I believe there is direct correlation between adults and children who watch and listen to obsessive amounts of television, movies, news, and popular music and aggressive behavior, stress, dispositions, and sleep and eating habits. The case study observations supported this theory. Keywords: mass media, mass-media control, aggressive behavior, perceptions, adverse misconceptions, psychological adaptation, media nationalism, suggestive media, groupthink nationalism Mass Media Control Mass media can influence opinions, values and beliefs of the general public by controlling the language used to report and communicate information. Our minds, throughout life, become a playing field for the producers to influence the consumers to buy into their various services, trends, politics, and products. It was stated by Abraham Lincoln, during the Gettysburg...
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... As a manager or professional in any business you will most likely encounter both a diverse customer base and employee pool. The importance of being able to relate to and understand the subtle and sometimes not so subtle cultural differences will make the difference between being a successful manger and needing to look for a new job. This dynamic begins with the employer in the screening process before the person is even hired. Some corporations and government agencies can be wrought with institutionalized discrimination. Institutionalized discrimination is the result of longstanding practices and/or behaviors that have a negative impact on members of subordinate groups (Sullivan, 2005) Examples of this can be found in the teaching and nursing fields. For decades men were thought to be less qualified for these positions. Another example would be that women were thought to be unqualified as factory workers until World War II made it necessary for them to do so. Even after proving themselves capable during the war institutional discrimination was very slow to change, it took decades to dissolves. (Anderson, 1982). This hiring process can still include discrimination that it not institutionalized depending on the person doing the hiring. Often times the person doing the hiring can harbor their own individual prejudice which can lead to Individual discrimination. Individual discrimination consists of a one on one act by members of the dominant group that harms subordinate...
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...There are various cultures in the world. Cultural diversity has brought cross cultural interactions beyond geographical boundaries. Every culture has values and beliefs which reflects cultural and social influences, relationships, and personal needs in an individual. Health cultural values “shape human behaviors and determine what individuals will do to maintain their health status, how they will care for themselves, and others who become ill, and where and from whom they will seek health care” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Transcultural nursing is a practice to transform health care and help people of diverse cultures. An analysis of Leninger's vision for the work of transcultural nursing indicates that there are many barriers and issues in health care, particularly for persons from diverse cultures. For instance, health care for poor Americans and ethnic minorities is less than optimal because they are unable to pay for services because of lack of insurance (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Ethnicity is a reference to a collective identity, a sense of uniqueness within the larger society, and a distinction from nonmembers. Ethnicity denotes a sharing of customs, food, dress, music, religion, and of symbols, such as language, among those who see themselves as fellow members of the group (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). An ethnic group may have “common geographic origins, family patterns, language, religion, values, traditions, symbols, music, dietary preferences, and employment...
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...STAG TOURISM IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE STAG TOURISM IN EASTERN EUROPE STAG TOURISM IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Table of contents. 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………… 2 2. Problem Statement…………………………………………………………………………...2 3. Methodology. …………………………………………………………………………………..3 4. Findings…………………………………………………………………………………………...5 5. Stag Tourism Destination as Place……………………………………………………. 6 6. Stag Tourism Destination as Space…………………………………………………….9 7. Advantages and Disadvantages……………………………………………………… 11 8. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..14 9. List of References…………………………………………………………………………..14 Page 1 of 15 STAG TOURISM IN EASTERN EUROPE STAG TOURISM IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE 1. INTRODUCTION. The market of tourist services, like any other, subject to certain, specific trends that is easily susceptible to fluctuations and depends on a number of social phenomena and processes of a truly non-market (demographic processes, changes in lifestyle, fashion, environmental and political risks, etc..). In this situation the special role plays information. It allows for the fashion direction to formulate a kind of social policy. In the case of tourism, it is an essential element of economic development. Tourism is in fact one of the few sectors of the economy in which business operators for profit formed only infrastructure needed for customers to enjoy the benefits of "property" in common: the landscape and cultural heritage material. At the turn of...
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...J n 1968,the late Nobel-prize-winning mist Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama that described tions into the failure in South ment policies different Korea, econo- a book entitled his investigadevelopAsia. a very South however, countries Malaysia, some South and Southeast Asian besides Singapore, such as India, Thailand, and Indonesia drama), (the very also show signs of of economic scene of Myrdal’ s and Southeast drama: Kong, Japan, Twenty years later, we are experiencing kind of Asian Taiwan, Hong an economic takeoff. World Bank data on the average annual growth product rate of per capita gross national the East Asian (see Exhibit 1) confirm and Singapore are now outperforming the United States and Western Europe economically. Western markets are flooded with high-quality, hightechnology products “made in Asia”; the production of cameras, TV sets, and domestic appliances has all but ceased in many Western countries, the automobile business has suffered severely, and President Reagan has had to violate his free-trade principles to save the U.S. microchip industry. It is true that most of the competition is from East, rather than from South or Southeast Asia; lead. The Five Dragons, as these countries are sometimes called, are heading the list, with average annual sustained-growth percentages over a 20-year period of 7.6% for Singapore, 7.2% for Taiwan, 6.6% for South Korea, 6.1% for Hong Kong, and 4.7% for Japan. These compare with rates...
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