...2 Social-class microcultures in consumer behavior 2 Implications to marketing practitioners 3 Suggestion for Improvement 4 Conclusion 4 Reference list 5 Introduction Market nowadays is so rapid-constantly changing and so broad. Company needs to adapt to these characteristics of the market and also understanding the consumer’s behavior in the market for them to survive and outrun their competitors. This discussion would further examine the company, Levi Strauss (Levi’s), marketing strategy in the garment industry in the context of Malaysia and also suggestions would be given for improvements. Levi’s first entered into the garment industry in 1873 with the birth of the first pair of jeans. Levi’s has been improving since and now, it is one of the world largest brand-name and also a global leader in jeanswear, according to San Francisco(2014). After gaining reputation as well as high profit, they have been selling other garment products besides jeans, such as clothings, caps, belts, and so on. Social-class micro cultures in consumer behavior A social class is a huge group of people, who have a similar position in an economic system, said by Moffitt(2015). Differentiating, positioning, and targeting different social class plays an important role in marketing. Consumers from different social class have different behaviors as well as wants. According to Moffitt(2015), there are four main social class recognized by societies, which is upper class, middle class, working...
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...Summary of American Ways In chapter 9 of the book American Ways, the author provides a thorough analysis detailing the manner in which the American educational system works. The author starts by emphasizing the importance that is attached to education. The American society is shown to have different classes either in the lower stratus, the middle class or in the upper class. However, it is through education that everyone is provided with an opportunity to prosper and become whatever they desire. Established in 1825, the American public school system operates under the principle of equal opportunities for all Americans regardless of their social and economic background. The author also adds that the public system is funded through tax papers money. Despite the existence of the public school system which is shown to be very efficiency and accommodates a majority of the American population, there are other types of schools which are ether run by religious organizations or by private entities that target the upper class. Althen, Doran, and Szmania (276) say, “In spite of these dangers, public education is likely to remain one of the most important institutions in American society. Although it has many flaws, no acceptable substitute for it has yet been found”. Financial success is a great motivator for most students and American students are not an exception. This is emphasized in the book which explains that Americans have the desire to be financially successful and one of the...
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...achievement amongst the different social class groups. (12 marks) Despite brilliant improvements within the educational system and level of the nation as a whole, social class differences still continue to exist, as middle class pupils tend to achieve higher academically than working class pupils. This is due to many external factors (these are factors outside of the educational system, e.g. influences from home and the family background as well as cultural deprivation etc) but also internal factors (these are factors within schools and the educational systems, such as the relationship between teachers and pupils). In this essay I intend to explain the ways in which material deprivation can affect the educational achievement between different social classes. Material deprivation, an external factor refers to poverty and a lack of resources to succeed in education, such as; books, internet and adequate housing etc. It is the working class families who have a low income and inadequate housing that affects how a child does in their education. There are 3 features within material deprivation; 1) housing- working class families are more likely to live in poor housing with overcrowding, which means a lack of personal space that can lead to illnesses to spread within the house quicker meaning children are ill more often and taking time off school, resulting in underachievement. 2) Diet and health- compared to middle class families, the working class families tend to have a poor...
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...Personal Values and Relationships The theme that interest me the most is Personal Values and Relationships. According to the Caroline Shrodes essays in this section such as, Restoring Basic Values, The Good Soldier, Blue-Collar Roots, White Collar Dreams and My Hyphenated Identity have common themes: how selfhood develops and how we relate to each other (page178). I believe, we as college students that come from different types of backgrounds can learn more about ourselves and each other by these readings. Learning about other’s individuals ideas and personal encounters, social class differences, identity, race, beliefs and personal values. Many times it can be hard for individuals that come from different back grounds to understand one another. I believe that these essay’s can also help us restore basic values in society that has been lost over time. I share similar values and beliefs with these writers. The selections that I picked focuses heavily on personal influences that affect our “sense of self”(page 178). As college students attempt to find their place in the world, we can actually benefit from the writers beliefs. Being able to answer the mysterious questions we ask ourselves, who am I? and how does the influence of my back ground contribute to who I am? Colin Powell, son of Jamaican immigrants wrote the essay, The Good Soldier. Powell makes an interesting point that never to limit yourself because of race, color, background or beliefs (page193). My Hypenated...
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...& the Outsiders Essay Social structure can be represented in many ways and through many ideas, such as in a community or city. When two of them are compared to one another, there’s bound to be many similarities and differences between them. For instance, the area in and around Norwich University can be easily compared to the setting of the novel, The Established & the Outsiders. The novel is set at a place called Winston-Parva, a suburban area in the outskirts of a large and wealthy industrial town in central England. It had a population of less than 5000, but had its own industries, schools, churches, shops and clubs. The two authors, Elias & Scotson, conducted their study though the book and formed a social structure by categorizing the town into 3 different zones, 1, 2, and 3. Zone 1 was usually called a middle-class residential area, and most of its inhabitants regarded it as such. Zones 2 and 3 were working-class areas one of which, Zone 2, is where most of the industries were established. From this info alone one could assume that since Zone 2 and Zone 3 seem the same, the inhabitants of those zones think that as well. However, the novel states a survey that proves the previous assumption to be false: “A preliminary survey suggested that not only the middle-class inhabitants of Zone 1, but the working-class inhabitants of Zone 2 regarded themselves and their neighbourhood as superior in social status to those of Zone 3 and that the social barriers dividing...
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...POG 100 First Draft Marking Template Research Paper First Draft | Marker’s Alias: Leonhart | | Author’s Alias: Spearow | I. STRUCTURE/ORGANIZATION | Comments | Introduction: HookDoes the essay begin with a hook/brief introduction that situates the topic more broadly? The hook should make it evident why the topic is interesting and important to generalist and specialist audiences.Does it draw the reader’s interest? How could it be improved? | Positive * Hook introduces the topic in a great way, by analyzing a healthy government, and introducing the topic of how, to succeed it needs the help of the people who vote them in. Improvements * The author could give an example of a regime that turned on its people, (Syria) and thus lead to the overthrowing of the government (Arab spring) to further relate to the reader and gain its interest. | Introduction: Thesis StatementIs the thesis statement easy to identify? E.g. “This essay argues…” Is it clear? Does it make sense? How could it be made clearer and more easily identifiable? | Positive * The thesis is clear and makes sense “this essay will argue that societal politics are derived from the motivations of the middle class as it pertains to the state flourishing” Improvements * The factors that relate to this topic could be further addressed in a few words. What are these economic needs? Etc.… | Introduction: RoadmapDoes the roadmap state how the paper will prove the thesis statement in several parts? E.g....
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...Conklin Hall, 310 TEXTBOOK: o Arthur Goldschmidt Jr., A concise history of the Middle East, Westview Press, 2002. o Marvin E Gettleman & Stuart Schaar, The Middle East and Islamic world reader, New York, 2003. o Additional primary source readings will be posted on Blackboard. o Also see: Internet Islamic History Sourcebook (compiled by Paul Halsall) COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is a survey of the history of the Islamic civilization. In this course, we will study social, economic, and cultural aspects of the history of the Middle and Near East region, from the dramatic arrival of Mongol armies in the mid-thirteenth century up to the present era. The treatment of the subject will be roughly chronological, though social and economic life, culture, and arts will be discussed thoroughly throughout the course. In addition to lectures, the course will heavily draw upon discussion sessions, which will give students a hands-on approach to history. In these sessions, we will discuss in detail various historical problems presented in the text, lectures, and audio-visual materials. 1 2 COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: - name and identify individuals, events, themes, and issues of major importance in the History of the Middle and Near East, - demonstrate a basic level of competence in differentiating the major periods of the History of the Middle and Near East and the significance of historical context, - recognize the importance...
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...Social Inequality essay plans for Part b) 30 mark question Evaluate the usefulness of sociological explanations of ethnic inequalities.(30) Evaluate the view that society is institutionally racist (30) Adapt according to question given Introduction Ethnic inequalities are still significant in the UK – give a few examples. Suggest some explanations e.g Racism, Institutional racism, social class of ethnic minorities (Marxism), welfare dependency (New Right). This essay will identify and assess these explanations. AO1 Define types of Racism e.g Barker and new racism, institutional racism – McPhearson report on murder of stephen lawrence – racism in met police. Jenkins suggests recruitment to jobs is more word of mouth and disadvantages ethnic minorities. Modood 1994 28% of african caribbean people surveyed said they felt they had been refused a job on grounds of race. AO2 There are many government acts such as Race relations acts which should prevent discrimination AO2 However because racism is implicit (hidden) now it can be difficult to prove in court. AO1 Marxists such as Westergaard and Resler argue that race is a distraction from the real issue which is social class. It is capitalism which disadvantages certain groups and ethnic minorities are more likely to be in lower classes. AO2 However this ignores the existence of racism in society e.g in education where black boys have the highest exclusion rates in school. AO1 Another marxist explanation by Castles...
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...Julio Flores Professor Frazier Englsh 102 2/19/15 From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum focuses on the vast gap of education that divide four different social classes. Jean Anyon, the chairperson of the Department of Education at Rutgers University, and the author of the essay Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work, which first appeared in the journal of education in the fall of 1980, says that a child’s social class reflects the kind of schooling that he or she receives. After reading article on public education and carefully examining the different levels she calls the working class, the middle-class, the affluent professional, and the executive elite. Anyon has stated that “It will be suggested that there is a "hidden curriculum" in schoolwork that has profound implications for the theory - and consequence - of everyday activity in education....” (Anyon 258). Anyon believes that a student’s educational perseverance will not be enough to place them on top of the ladder. She believes that one’s economic background determines their educational success and future. The first and lowest class is the working class. The working-class school is made up of nearly 40 percent of the population in the United States. Anyon observed that “In this class parents have an average income of about twelve thousand dollars or less. They hold jobs like stockroom workers, foundry men, and semiskilled and unskilled assembly-line...
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...Paul Krugman begins this article by asking the audience why rising inequality matters. This positions him to lead into the reasons why it is important to lower and middle class American’s. Coupled with his examples of importance, he suggests policy reform to help fix these issues. Krugman believes the middle class is disintegrating; he uses a simple quote from Thomas Jefferson to bring forward the idea that men who believed the middle class to be the most important part of the nation founded our country. He addresses the opposition that economic inequality is now balanced by social equality. Moving forward he breaks down the argument with the fact that middle class parents are willing to indebt themselves more than ever before in order to...
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...Social class is the key factor influencing a child’s education attainment. There are major differences between the levels of achievement of the working class and middle class. Generally the higher the social class of the parents the more successful a child will be in education. Social class inequality begins in primary school and becomes greater as you move up through the education system with the higher levels of the education system dominated by middle and upper-class students. There are many other factors that can explain differences in educational achievements for different social classes, these include material explanations which put the emphasis on social and economic conditions, cultural explanations which focus on values, attitudes and lifestyles and factors within the school itself. Material factors such as poverty, low wages, diet, health and housing can all have important direct effects on how well individuals do at school. Material deprivation such as this helps when explaining the pattern of working-class underachievement in education. Douglas (1964) found that poor housing conditions such as overcrowding and insufficient quiet can make study at home difficult meaning they cannot complete homework and may not pass exams. In working class families, low income or unemployment may mean resources such as computers and text books cannot be bought which will restrict the amount of studying the child can do. They may also not be able to attend school trips that could...
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...International Business IB 8090 - International Business Environment Essay Exam # 1 Email: lcavusoglu1@student.gsu.edu 1. GDP per capita as an indicator: What are the limitations of this statistic in the context of emerging markets? GDP per capita is often used as an approximation of a country's prosperity. However, this approximation excludes significant factors such as the distribution of income, home production, underground economy, and social cost of production, in making a decision on the well-being of a country's inhabitants. First, emerging markets generally have an unbalanced distribution of income. There may be significant gaps in income between various groups of the society. In such markets, GDP per capita is a misleading indicator of the economic situation because a wealthy minority may hold a large share of GDP. GDP per capita might underestimate the fraction of society who has an income below the poverty threshold. Furthermore, the inequality in income distribution gives rise to a higher rate of increase in underground economy, which may make up a large fraction of GDP generated in a country. Consequently, many places have a higher GDP than what is reported. Second, there is a large domestic production in developing countries such as Turkey, which is not calculated in GDP since these products are not sold on the market. Homegrown vegetables and knit clothing are examples of such domestic products. Last, the social cost of production such as environmental pollution and...
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...will have significant effects on the consumption or work, goods and services by myself and my family and society as a whole. This essay will discuss these effects on consumption should this inequality continue on its current path. I will begin by discussing income inequality and the evidence of it today and the issues that this inequality creates in society. The essay will then give an overview of my current position in society and the market and I will then discuss some issues and future implications of income inequality and how they will shape the consumption of work, goods and services by my family and myself. This section will also consider how the psychological aspects of consumption could be affected by income inequality and deal with the social ramifications of this inequality and look at any possible changes to our consumption from a cultural sense. This essay will argue that income inequality can have significant potential to change the future consumption of work, goods and services by myself and my family. The concept of income inequality is not new it has been discussed by politicians and economists for a number of years if not centuries, as the old adage says ‘the rich get richer the poor get poorer’. The ministry of social development defines it as, “The extent of disparity between high income and low income households” (Ministry of Social Development, 2010) and it essentially deals with the fact that the majority of the wealth in New Zealand resides with a minority...
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...Discuss the claim that the middle classes gained most from the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Refer to at least two o f the following countries: Britain, France or Germany. The Industrial Revolution had a major impact on the structure of society in Europe. As in all major changes, there were winners and losers. This essay will examine the effect of the Industrial Revolution on the position of the middle class. The difference in income was significant even within what was considered middle-class as the concept of middle class was so vast. The middle class compromised of professionals, merchants, craftsmen, overseers, factory managers, lawyers, doctors and alike in the nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution brought with it a general rise in living conditions throughout Europe. This was possibly one of the greatest of the benefits the middle classes enjoyed from the Industrial Revolution. Demand rose and new industries emerged stimulating the economy, resulting in more jobs being available and more wealth in general. The economical boost of the Industrial Revolution mainly benefitted the middle classes. The middle class generally amassed more wealth and attained more buying power; this had a straight effect on their livelihood and can be seen especially in housing. For example in London many middle-class families could afford to buy their own terraced home with two or three bedrooms. The housing enjoyed by the middle class was luxurious as opposed to the one...
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...within a group of people or society. People tend to define themselves with to a particular culture. In other words culture is a common set norms formed within a group of the society or a society to which people identify themselves to. This essay aims to explain in which ways culture is transmitted within the society and the effects this may have on individual members of a society. The essay will look at concepts of culture in terms of mass and folk culture. Furthermore it will take into consideration age, gender, social class and ethnicity, which will help to understand the interrelationship between self, identity and socialization. To understand culture in modern world better, the essay will aim to analyze the link between cultural consumption and identity in the modern society. Main body: According to Linton (1945) culture of a society is the way of life of its members; a collection of ideas and thoughts, which they learn and practiced. This is shared from one generation to another. There are different types of cultures for example high culture and low culture or popular culture. Popular culture or low culture is persuade by middle class people or working class people, whereas high culture is persuade by professionals or upper class people like sophisticated pursuits . These sophisticated pursuits enjoyed or shared by high...
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