...children with each other. So, our differences biologically are superficial, hair texture, some ailments which tend to be environmental, and skin color. Those who want to dismiss the notion of the social construction of race normally do so due to their inherent bias to attribute dysfunctional behavior in minority communities due to a racial makeup instead of addressing more systemic problems that plague these communities. Countless studies reveal that lower income people of all groups tend to follow the same negative trajectory. Racism is the belief that one race or culture is superior to another, regardless of biological evidence that negates this belief. This difference – the perceived inferiority of one race over another – is commonly used and abused as basis for discrimination, whether institutionalized or individualized through social construction. The widespread societal and institutional changes in America since the 1960s have done little to eliminate discrimination faced by racial minorities even after the election of a black president. Race is not just a social construction but a historical construction that has been embedded into each of our lives through social classes and institutions since the day we were born. “Even though race is constructed through historic meanings and social interactions it is as much a part of our national character as themes of patriotism.” (Defending Whiteness, 8) Minorities historically have had less access to quality education. Less access...
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...As children, we are taught about racism and physical differences that make us diverse; however, have we genuinely grasped the concept of how we are not different? Outside we may look different, but what is inside has no discrepancies. Coincedently, this belief adds on to what goes on in people's minds. Two reasons; internalized racism and internalized white supremacy. M;l.,m/any people get confused and mix these two reasons and their meanings up. People seem to think that the internalized racism is correlated with whites and the internalized white supremacy is correlated with African Americans. This has become the result of our school systems failures. In this day in age many people need to understand the differences between these two terms....
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...As children, we are taught about racism and physical differences that make us diverse; however, have we genuinely grasped the concept of how we are not different? Outside we may look different, but what is inside has no discrepancies. Coincedently, this belief adds on to what goes on in people's minds. Two reasons; internalized racism and internalized white supremacy. M;l.,m/any people get confused and mix these two reasons and their meanings up. People seem to think that the internalized racism is correlated with whites and the internalized white supremacy is correlated with African Americans. This has become the result of our school systems failures. In this day in age, many people need to understand the differences between these two terms....
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...Examine the effects of social change on the position of children (24 marks) The position of children has undergone significant change, this will be examined alongside with the effects in this essay. There are many reasons why the position of children has changed and I will be examining whether the impact is positive or negative. In modern society it is argued that childhood is a social construct, which is where the individual experiences things which have been created. In pre-industrialisation the child had a similar role to the adults which was economic, this was researched by Aries. He studied paintings which were created in pre-industrialisation, the problem with this is that it has been interpreted by him and the painter and therefore may present bias or inaccurate findings or only give a one sided view. The children were expected to work and therefore had no/little education and their socialisation is very different to the children in modern society. The position of today’s children is to go to school, enjoy being a child and be dependent on the adult’s this was not evident in pre-industrialisation. This is proven in Aries findings, this is because he found that they were like a smaller version of an adult, for example with the clothes they wore and their expectations to work. He concluded that childhood did not exist, however in today’s society childhood is a significant lifestage and is essential in the future of the social actor (person). Industrialisation saw the...
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...the significance of Bacon's rebellion in 1675-1676 and the origin of racism in America you have to backtrack to 1660 when the economy of Virginia was declining. However, thousands of indentured servants continued to give to the colony believing it would better their condition in a "Growing Country. Instead, it was only going from bad to worse. In 1670, the Governor William Berkeley and the House of Burgesses coerced all landless freemen in a belief that they were the source of trouble which only increased the anger of the freemen. Four years later Nathaniel Bacon originally an English aristocrat came to the colony. Berkeley denied Bacon a license to engage in the fur trade, which was only open to the governor and his friends, Bacon was furious. In 1675 when Indians attacked the settlers for some of...
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...rights and prospects to all, yet there are still signs of inequality within the social construct of the nation. If one were to take a look at the American work field, they would notice the differences in positions acquired by African-Americans and Caucasians. African-Americans typically work minimum-wage jobs, living paycheck to paycheck and if they are fortunate enough to acquire an adequate paying job; their employers are Caucasians who usually own the major businesses and corporations. This inevitable conflict has emerged from America’s past history of unfair and unequal treatment of people of color. The American society has not completely eradicated the problem with racial discrimination and inequality within the workforce which has created the growing wealth gap. In the United States, issues of race and class are tied to together like a chain of DNA; one cannot address the issue of class without referring to the demographics of race. The methodology of determining the variations in social class was established in the mid-1960s and has not changed in the most latter years. Within the time span, there have been many studies conducted that reveals the bases of how the American society classifies people into social groups with race being a significant determinant for their results. Figures suggest that the United States has a problem with the intersection of race and class being that U.S. social classes are more segregated than it is integrated which descends the disproportionate...
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...It’s clear that the world is divided into two genders, and these two sexes have been a subject of definition by every known society. The culture is seen as a huge determinant to the roles that each gender will play. Therefore, sexism will be defined as a social construct that promotes the discrimination of individuals based on an individual’s gender. Sexism arises from stereotypes that define the roles of both sexes, therefore having issues when the gender roles are performed by the opposite sex. This social construct mainly affects the minority group identified as women and girls. Sexism is recognized in all aspect of life, and it’s not strange to identify it in the technology industry. The male figure has always identified its gender role as the provider. This social construct originated from the nature of man been the hunter who provided his family with their daily meal. Therefore relegating the women to the role of caretaker and this aspect has kept its hold over the society. In the 21st century, sexism has been a covert and subtle process that tries to establish an environment that is less friendly and less accessible to women. It’s clear that sexism is evident in the Silicon Valley and beyond. We also identify that the technology aspect has always been associated with male perspective. Therefore, it has become common to hear a conversation about women who have suffered sexism and sexual harassment in their digital related jobs. Women have also been identified to facilitate...
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...Racism has been a widely recognized and practiced dynamic within the United States, that as discussed in class, rationalizes institutional and cultural practices that formalized the hierarchical domination of one racial group. Racial stratification for African Americans as well as many other minorities, cannot only effect certain races physically, but mentally. Mental health as a social construct can be influential to an individual’s psychological health, and differential exposure to deleterious race-related experiences along with generic vicissitudes, for African Americans, may create higher rates for poorer mental health. Though race is not a real concept but rather created by society, it does serve as an important aspect concerning the...
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...Darwin’s Influence on Discrimination Many regard Charles Darwin as the Father of Evolution, a scientific breakthrough that is considered one of the greatest accomplishments in science. Little does the general public consider the social effects that his contributions made on racism, as well as sexism, not only in his lifetime, but also for the generations following his research. His recognition in one area of study automatically made him a voice that echoed for centuries against women’s suffrage, pro-slavery, and influenced Hitler’s ideology. Apart from his genetic research and theories of evolution, Darwin was not afraid to compare the human race to that of other animals. This analogy caused a lot of the discrimination that he blatantly labeled as scientific fact. In the Descent of Man, “Darwin noted that the inheritance of special tastes and habits, general intelligence, courage, good and bad temper, and so on is evident in dogs and other domestic animals, and that the same pattern is seen in almost every human family” (Paul, 226). Darwin was not afraid to make non-scientific comparisons between the human race and other animals. Although many of Darwin’s findings are scientifically rational, and others simply deny his theories because of their religious faiths, it is difficult to ignore the consequences of his “Origins of Species” or “The Descent of Man” writings. Although Darwin wrote that all men shared a common descent, he used societal observations...
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...and backgrounds, in our race and beliefs – rather than cherishing the unity and pride that binds us together.” In today’s America, indifferences and separatism still linger from the times of racism and inequalities amongst different races, but it is nowhere near as prominent. Though in the times of the civil rights and black power movements the only focus people had was on their differences, no matter your background or beliefs, people just stayed separated and stuck with their own kind. However, this is not the case in the book Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels, and Black Power by Amy Sonnie and James Tracy. Different white and African-American groups, such as the Black Panthers and Young Patriots Organization, chose to iron out their differences and fight together for the higher cause. The story told by the authors about these organizations help to illuminate powerful issues at the time like unity, racial segregation and class differences. The book Hillbilly Nationalists is a captivating book that uses powerful imagery and description to get the realities of the issues at hand to the reader. It is a story about a fight for societal freedom and equality for different groups and their ability to come together and overcome any obstacle. Peggy Terry was an activist at this time, and though at a young age her family tried to put her down the path of racism and segregation, she emerged to be a prominent voice in the fight for equality. Her presence at the Congress of Racial...
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...engage in stereotyping, misleading representations concerning members from diverse cultural groups are confirmed. In this essay, a broad range of texts will be used to examine the ways in which the mass media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around gender, ethnicity and age, as well as how the media shape one's imagination though direct images. It cannot be doubted that the media profoundly influence people's attitudes and outlooks. They convey a whole variety of information which individuals would not otherwise acquire. Newspapers, books, television, radio, films, recorded music and popular magazines (Giddens, 1989, p.79) bring individuals into close contact with experiences of which we 'would otherwise have little awareness' (Giddens, 1989, p. 79). There are very few societies, in current times, even among the more traditional cultures, which remain completely untouched by the mass media. Electronic communication is accessible even to those who are completely illiterate, or in isolated areas of the world. According to Juredini and Poole, gender usually refers to the 'behavioural and attitudinal characteristics' as well as roles that are learned and derived from a 'particular cultural milieu' (2000, p.171). An important source of gender information in a consumer society is television. Despite some notable exceptions, for example 'Sesame Street', most television shows continue to portray males and females in stereotypical gender roles (Sigorelli, 1990, citied in Newman,...
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...‘Society has now entered a new postmodern age and we need new theories to understand to understand it.’ Assess this view. Sociologists all agree there is something called Modernity and Post Modernity-where they differ is which one they think society currently is. Theories such as feminism, Marxism, and functionalism are structural and believe society influences the individual. Whilst theories like post modernism and interactionism are non-structural and believe that the individual influences society. There are major changes that have occurred in society recently such as: the growing impact of new technology and the media, and new social and political movements (based on gender, environmental concerns and so on). What is being questioned is the nature, cause and effect of these changes which have different theories for explanation. The first argument is that the changes are so profound they represent a major shift from the modern century of the last two centuries, to a new post modern society. The second argument is that recent changes have been significant but they are still a part of modern society- just an intensification of the existing features of a modern society. The second argument is seemingly more valid, especially in terms of science and trying to prove post modernism. For post modernism argues that nothing can be proved to be true and take on a relativism method also supporting interpretivism. if this is the case the theory itself cannot be proven to be true hence...
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...Charlie Fierro Protest Art!: The Rhetoric of Art as Social Activism RBA June 4, 2010 Alexis Charles Chappelle and Pryor’s True Hollywood Stories If you get pulled over wouldn’t you turn your radio down, no body wants to get their ass beat to a soundtrack. --Dave Chappelle Although this comment is humorous and socially clever, Chappelle’s joke says more about American culture, specifically racial and class issues, than most academics can hope to explain. As James Lipton suggests in his interview with Dave Chappelle on the talk show Inside the Actor’s Studio, black comedy has been an important form of art for learning about the black condition. Comedians, such as Bill Cosby, Chris Rock, and Eddie Murphy are just a few of the black comedians that have used their art to provide those insights and induce change in society. The late Richard Pryor understood more so than others that in comedy he had “‘a unique vehicle’ at his disposal that he would be wise to employ for ‘meaningful expression’” and his declared successor, Dave Chappelle, did as well (Simpson 114). The influence of Chappelle and Pryor’s comedy on the American audience has been a highly researched topic. The influence of the most recent and still dominant figure, Chappelle, has yet to be entirely seen, as many of his performances are hardly a decade old. It is undisputed among scholars and critics, however, that, like Pryor, Chappelle through his art “has made us look at...
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...address, all teenagers attend or participate in a ceremony whereby they transition from young adult to adult. The first series I will address is Scott Westerfield’s Uglies series, where youth undergo plastic surgery as their rite of passage. Maturation and growing up require endure body modifications to create same-ness and the perfectly pretty white race. Second, I will analyze Ally Condie’s Matched series, where social order to determined by sorters who decide vocation and spouses. All teenagers attend a ceremony where a person’s perfect match is determined by a computer program. Lastly, I will use Veronica Roth’s Divergent series to explore how the world is constructed by personality type. Youth choose to participate in factions that are determined by a psychological examination that detects a youth’s instinctual predilections when facing their fears. As readers begin to figure out the rules to this new society, they are challenged to make comparisons to their own world. We are forced to wonder whether or not, as educators, we reinforce stereotypical constructs of adolescence despite our interaction with seemingly critical texts. In the last few years, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of dystopian novels marketed to young adults. The story always begins in media res, where some kind of travesty, disease, war, or alien invasion forced those in power to re-consider how to maintain order and control. The characters...
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...where one lives so I will focus on my home town area. An important aspect of my plan is that the classroom should have an activity board. Important events, e.g. holiday celebrations, should be posted to this board. Holidays in particular should be events that all students participate in. Therefore they should be celebrated in the context of all relevant cultural viewpoints. Today the diversity of students in the classroom is higher than it has ever been. Old teaching strategies, which were designed for less diverse class types, must make way for new in order for students to be properly educated. This proper education must contain elements of all of the cultures present in the classroom. According to Johnson, et al “Provision of social justice and equality is a moral and ethical responsibility of educators; the goal is to help all students learn and reach their potential, regardless of their socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, language, gender, religion, and ability” (Johnson, et al,. 2005). In order for these goals to be achieved schools must mandate that all students have the right to equal opportunity in education. This mandate must be known to all who influence our children. This includes school...
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