...SOCIAL SECURITY FOR DEVELOPING NATIONS “If a free society cannot help the many who are poor; it cannot save the few who are rich.” ~ John F. Kennedy, Kennedy’s Inaugural address of 1961. "Social Security. . . reflects some of our deepest values--the duties we owe to our parents, the duties we owe to each other when we’re differently situated in life, the duties we owe to our children and our grandchildren. Indeed, it reflects our determination to move forward across generations and across the income divides in our country, as one America." ~ William J. Clinton INTRODUCTION Social security is a program that uses public funds to provide economic security to the public in case they suffer from a contingency. Usually Germany is known as the first country to have started with this program. It was designed by the German Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck. It was done by him to promote the well-being of workers for an efficient economy. Although social security tends towards socialism, Bismarck was a staunch “right” supporter. In fact, he launched this plan to stave off proposals of radical socialism. The American Civil War also saw some true government relief programmes that could be called as social security programmes. The Civil War Pension Program was signed into law in 1862 and provided funds to American soldiers who were disabled in battle. In 1937, Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act. In 1950, social security also adjusted it according to the prevalent...
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...Developing Social Perception Skills in the Workplace Matthew Bay Organizational Behavior MAN5245 7/24/2015 Professor Woods Mcafee Developing Social Perception Skills in the Workplace As a manager who is in charge of hiring employees and in charge of developing a training program it is essential for these individuals to be culturally sympathetic and have the ability to choose their words correctly so that they don’t violate fair hiring practices by discriminating against individuals based on gender race, religion, ethnicity, or disability. Before the interview process can take place the interviewer must determine their definition of self-perception. In general social perception is how an individual processes information about another individual. In general our perception of another individual or situation is based on characteristics of how we perceive ourselves, characteristics of the target person, and characteristics of the situation (Nelson & Quick, 2013). Each of these elements have their own characterizes. For example the perceiver must familiarize him or herself with the target, maintain a positive mood and attitude when interviewing employee prospects, and maintain professionalism and ethics. The target hire must do their best to give a good impression to the interviewer by presenting a good first impression and having good verbal communication skills. Communication is a key role in social perception. There are two major forms of communication verbal communication...
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...2006 Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure in Developing Countries: Evidence from Bangladesh M. Hossain Hail Community College, Saudi Arabia, monirulhossain@yahoo.com K. Islam University of Wollongong, mksi747@uow.edu.au J. Andrew University of Wollongong, jandrew@uow.edu.au Publication Details This conference paper was originally published as Hossain, MA, Islam, KS and Andrew, J, Corporate social and environmental disclosure in developing coutries: evidence from Bangladesh, in Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on International Accounting Issues, Hawaii, October 2006. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: morgan@uow.edu.au. Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure in Developing Countries: Evidence from Bangladesh Abstract This is an exploratory study designed to investigate the extent and nature of social and environmental reporting in corporate annual reports. Specifically, we examine the relationship between social and environmental disclosure and several corporate attributes in a developing country, Bangladesh. In order to do this, we have developed and utilized a disclosure index to measure the extent of disclosure made by companies in corporate annual reports. This study reports significant differences in levels of social and environmental disclosure, as measured by the mean values of the social and environmental...
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... FINAL PROJECT: DEVELOPING A SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR NOUCHALINE: MY FASHION BLOG MKTG250D/INFO250D Presented to: Leila Khauli Hanna Dr. Nelson King January 16th, 2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Client Background 5 Existing Social Media Presence 5 1. Social Media (Open): 5 2. Specialized Networks: 7 Assessment of Current Operations 8 Coordination 8 Scrutiny and Accountability 8 Data Management 8 Scalability and Consistency 9 Summary of Existing Operational Complexity 9 Social Media Management Framework 10 Context 10 Culture 11 Process 11 Metrics 13 People 13 Policies 14 Business Goals 14 Social Media Strategy 16 FACEBOOK: 16 FEATURES: 18 CREATE A NETWORKFOR LEBANESE FASHION BLOGGERS 19 Recommendations 20 Appendix I: Social Media Assessment tools 21 21 21 23 \ 23 Appendix II. Stats of the Blog 24 Appendix III. Social Media Channels\ 25 Appendix IV: Reference and Links 27 Executive Summary “Nouchaline: My Fashion Blog” is a blog that was launched in 2009, by Aline Chirinian. It is a platform on which Aline shares her personal style and views on fashion. The blog currently has had 59,606 page views, with over 1,080 followers across the different social media platforms. The blog’s goal is to increase the number of readers, and its brand awareness; in order to generate revenue in the near future. It hopes to achieve this goal by engaging more on social media and assessing all feedback...
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...BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 1: Developing Effective Communication in Health and Social Care Introduction Communication is essentially about the way we send and receive messages; for effective communication to take place there must be mutual understanding. Communication is a skill that we learn very early in life as a way of getting our basic needs met. (Rasheed et al (2010) E.g. I communicate with my family especially with my brothers and sister on a daily basis to identify how they feel, what they would like to do after school or to eat and a lot of the times I communicate with them just to let them know I am there for them if they need anything at all. So Communication can make a work place a better place to be and make the employees comfortable. There are different contexts in which communication may take place: which are group, formal and informal communication. One to one communication: one to one involves talking with one other person. This can be face-to-face conversations, telephone conversations, writing and interviews. Usually the sender and receiver switch roles often during the one-to-one communication. One to one is commonly private when communicating because for example in a care home, a resident can feel frustrated or lonely when he or she family are not visiting. At that point staff can come over to the resident room to encourage or reassure the resident in private, because it makes some resident uncomfortable when staff spoke with them about...
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...Contexts of communication One-to-one is a communication process which involves two people having a conversation without other people joining. A good example of were one-to-one can be used is when in job interview, the interviewer will be between the applicant and the manager. The one to one communication will involve provide a conversation which will have two people talking without having to talk over each other and will have better understanding of each other. An advantage of one to one communication is that it will provide a more friendly conversation e.g. talking to a client as it will help develop a positive relationships with the client which would make it comfortable for the client to communicating with the worker without being nervous. Group communication is when a number of people get together to have a discussion. Group communication is much more difficult compared to one to one communication as it requires all the members of the group to be working on the same page or thing. One of the thing that cause problems in a group communication is that there are different people with different personalities as some may speak a lot and others may rarely speak. Some people may not be confident enough to be able to speak in front or with a lot of people and some might not be interested which make them not want to get involved in the group. This will cause problems if it’s a group activity or discussion which will require all the members to give their thoughts and ideas. Due to...
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...Assessment 2: Major Essay What is neoliberalism and how is it connected to 'development'? Neoliberalism, quite simply, is defined by David Harvey as the: … theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can be best advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterised by strong private property rights, free markets and free trade... (2007, pg 2) Through this approach, economic and social barriers and constraints are sought to be eliminated to prompt the market towards becoming self-sufficient. Therefore, it is very easy for neoliberalism to hinder the development of economies and society, as imbalances in wealth and living conditions are emphasised and expanded over time. In particular, these imbalances become quite prominent in developing countries, for example, Brazil, where they may begin to take importance over the conditions of the population. Despite this, we are still observing the existence of neoliberalism in the 21st century on an international scale as the globalisation era lingers and development continues to evolve. In the modern world, neoliberalism offers ‘the supporting ideology of globalisation’ and depends on market forces, free trade and laissez-faire government roles to become efficient. (Heron, T. 2008. Pg. 1;Kelleher, A and Klein, L. 2011. Pg. 95) It was in the late eighteenth century when Adam Smith originally formulated the idea that in an economy, priority...
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...Abstract Over the past hundreds of years our world went through many social and economical changes. After the birth of the industrialized society, our world economical growth was fast. Many scholars and researchers have been trying to understand why the developing nations are still under developed. The modernization and Dependency theories will explain some of our world socio-economic differences between the developing and developed countries. This essay discussed about the major differences between Modernization and Dependency theories, and their impact on the developing nations. Modernization Theory A theory designed to explain the process of modernizing societies. The theory considers the internal factors of development of any country, based on the installation, that the "traditional" countries may be involved in the development the same way as are the developed countries. According to Gavrov (2005), modernization theory endeavors to recognize the social variables, which add to social development and expansion of society, and will attempt to elucidate the procedure of social development. At the same time Gavrov (2005) stated that none of the scientists does not deny the process of modernization of society (the transition from traditional to industrial society), the theory itself has undergone considerable criticism from both Marxists and the representatives of free-market ideas, and supporters of the theory depend on the reason that is a simplified representation of...
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...Case Seminar Nokia 1. How do you think the marketing task for Nokia is different in developing markets (versus in developed countries)? Nokia has conducted a customer-driven marketing strategy. They segment the market by income and they have divided their target group into developing markets and developed ones. They sell phones to over 150 countries and among them European countries contributes to 39 percent of its total net sales while Asia, Latin America, and other developing markets account for 56 percent. It is shown from the numbers that developing markets are essential for Nokia. Nokia takes over the market shares in a way similar to Honda. It started by focusing on developing countries and selling them entry-level phones. In this way Nokia gains customers loyalty ahead of its competitors and after the economic emerges, those customers would be more likely to stick with them. In order to capture customer value, Nokia has put an effort in understanding the marketplace and customer needs, which is the first step to create value for customers and build customer relationships (Kotler, Armstrong and Parment, 2011). In this market segment, they position themselves as entry-level phones and to create differentiation in the market, Nokia has done some primary data collection to gain customer insights. They did ethnographic research to get to know customers. To meet the need of cheap phones, they changed the packaging and managed to cut down the cost by more than SEK 1 billion...
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...broad potential of ICTs, their benefits have not been spread evenly. Indeed, using ICTs effectively to foster social inclusion and economic growth is among the key challenges facing policymakers today. As one of the world’s leading ICT firms, Microsoft brings a unique perspective to this issue, one informed by years of collaboration with the international development community. Microsoft firmly believes that ICTs hold tremendous promise as an enabler of social and economic development. ICTs can help underserved populations obtain, manage and disseminate knowledge and to tap into global networks of information and services. And rapid innovations in technology – the fruits of intensive R&D efforts by Microsoft and others – are making ICTs less expensive and easier to use, bringing the power of ICTs within the reach of ever more people. ICTs promote development across many dimensions. At their most fundamental level, ICTs enable organizations to be more productive, thereby spurring economic growth and helping firms be more competitive. ICTs can also expand the reach and effectiveness of social development projects and have already yielded important benefits in such areas as healthcare, education, and environmental preservation. Public-sector uptake of ICTs is also making governments more efficient and their decision-making more transparent. Finally, many developing countries have achieved important economic gains in nurturing the development of domestic ICT industries. ...
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...Issue 1, pp. 49-65. The Internet in developing countries: a medium of economic, cultural and political domination Abdulkafi Albirini University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ABSTRACT The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented diffusion of network technologies into developing countries. The technological discourse attending this diffusion has presented the new media as a utopian, egalitarian and empowering tool with the potential of ushering in a new era of development, democracy, and positive cultural change. This paper examines the economic, cultural, and political effects of the Internet within the historical context of developing countries. The paper traces the politically-inspired evolution of the Internet, its transfer into developing countries, and the economic, cultural, and political consequences of this transfer. Existing data indicate that the implementation of the Internet in most developing countries has served as a drain to the local resources, thus exacerbating their economic dependency on foreign nations. On a cultural level, the Internet’s predominantly Western design, content, and language have facilitated the proliferation of alien cultural patterns at the expense of the social experiences of the local cultures. Lastly, the Internet’s build-in tracking capabilities and its current manipulation for political purposes on international and national levels serves to empower the existing ruling elites in developing countries and perpetuates the disempowerment...
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...c+ritical review of the article by nathaniel boso, vicky m. story and john w. cadogen: entrepreneurial orientation, market orientAtion, network ties and performance: study of entrePRENEURIAL FIRMS IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY, JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING 28(2013) Page 708-727 ADISA AFOLARIN O, PRID 1303094 BE 951, MASTER OF FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………1.O MOTIVATION OF THE RESEARCH………………………………………......1.1 RESEARCH QUESTION………………………………………………………..2.0 THEORETICAL APPROACH…………………………………………………...2.1 EMPIRICAL APPROACH……………………………………………………….3.1 APPROPRIATENESS OF EMPIRICAL METHOD…………………………...3.2 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION………………………………………………..4.0 FURTHER RESEARCH PROJECTS…………………………………………..4.1 MAIN CONTRIBUTION………………………………………………………….4.2 1.0 INTRODUCTION. This research studies how entrepreneurial firms evaluate performance benefit by simultaneously aligning high level of both entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and manager orientation (MO). It is relevant for firms operating in a developing economy context where these potentials are enhanced for business with strong social and business network ties. Entrepreneurial orientation refers to firms procluivity to explore new market opportunities and as such it manifest itself through a firms tendency to accept innovation, risk-taking, pro-activeness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy (Lumpkin and Dess, 1996). Market orientation is defined as the implementation of...
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...Abstract Developing countries can generate effective solutions for today’s global health challenges. This paper reviews relevant literature to construct the case for international cooperation, and in particular, developed-developing country partnerships. Standard database and web-based searches were conducted for publications in English between 1990 and 2010. Studies containing full or partial data relating to international cooperation between developed and developing countries were retained for further analysis. Of 227 articles retained through initial screening, 65 were included in the final analysis. The results were two-fold: some articles pointed to intangible benefits accrued by developed country partners, but the majority of information pointed to developing country innovations that can potentially inform health systems in developed countries. This information spanned all six WHO health system components. Ten key health areas where developed countries have the most to learn from the developing world were identified and include, rural health service delivery; skills substitution; decentralisation of management; creative problem-solving; education in communicable disease control; innovation in mobile phone use; low technology simulation training; local product manufacture; health financing; and social entrepreneurship. While there are no guarantees that innovations from developing country experiences can effectively transfer to developed countries, combined developed-developing...
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...CHARACTERISTC OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: 4 billion people in the world who live in poverty, subsisting on less than $2000 a year. Not only is this segment a full two-third of the current market place, but it is expected to grow to 6 billion by 2040. * Low per-capita income * Low levels of human capital * High levels of poverty and under-nutrition * Higher population growth rates So, the potential of a big market is here. If the marketers want to extend their market, they have to enter this part of our world. I will point out the potential of this market that is the reason why they chose developing countries to engage in major market. Short-term benefit: * Expand consumer market. It a big market that many MNCs want to entered to have more customers. * To establish as a leader in a new market. If firms enter first and have the right strategy marketing/ good R&D, to fit the new market such as: tailoring local solutions and have the fit price, they would conquer the new customer’s belief then become leaders. * To provide a showcase to the world of capabilities in terms of devices, infrastructure and services. Long-term benefit: * Prolong the product life-cycle. * Significant revenue and profit growth over time through the creation of new markets, products and services. * To demonstrate character and commitment to social contribution. * Establishing relationships with government and other constituents * * What...
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...course, we have noted that the developing world is diverse. Thus, the level of military involvement in the political arena of each nation is different. In many countries there is no clear dividing line between the armed forces and political activity. With the rise of democracy in many Third World countries in recent years, there has been a steady decline in military leadership at the government level. However, this is not to say that military leaders have completely stepped down from politics. In fact, countries such as Libya and Pakistan still have military rulers in the highest positions of government. In other countries the armed forces continue to exert considerable influence over civilian political leaders. Prior to the nineteen eighties military involvement in politics of the developing world was pervasive. It was considered by some to be a defining feature of political underdevelopment. And certainly it was a feature of extreme instability within nations. A study of fifty nine developing nations shows that between nineteen forty six and nineteen seventy, there were two hundred and seventy four attempted military coups. Some countries experienced four to five takeover attempts within that period. You may recall from our week one lesson that political scientists agree political stability is essential to development. It seems logical to conclude that this type of upheaval can only be a hindrance to the economic, social and political development so...
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