...The issue of social development in adulthood has much important information that stems from the transition of adolescence to adulthood. In the article, Intimate Relationship Development During the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by Social Class by Ann Meier and Gina Allen, social development in adulthood has many variables of determining factors such as age, sex, race, financial position, sexual orientation, and militant experience. In a study taken by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, research was conducted to see who in the last 18 months had a special romantic relationship. After receiving the data it was noted that lower income families have children that produce the majority of unintentional pregnancies. Upper class children tend to wait until later in life. This data shows that lower income families develop or participate in early sexual behavior at a younger age than upper income families. Even though lower income families have sexual encounters at earlier ages the data also shows that they marry at younger ages as well. This is a main cause for the high divorce rate. These two situations are primarily due to lack of education and resources from a family of poverty. Marriage patterns also follow the parents’ example. For instance, children from higher educated and income families follow the traditional marriage example. This means that they marry first then become parents. And the opposite follows for children with “less-than” backgrounds of their...
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...Social Development in Adulthood The article that I chose for this assignment was; Introduction: Special Issue on Positive Psychology and Adult Development (Sinnot, 2010). I chose this article because I believe that if you have a positive outlook on life, it will help you immensely on those occasions when you have to overcome some type of hardship. The article covers a multitude of studies that relate to the relationship between having a positive attitude and coping well with life. One of the focuses is on how friendships and family love can truly help a person to flourish throughout their life. Another study looks at the subject of spirituality and how this helps a person, be at peace, or come to terms with some of the harder trials that can come upon us. The article also looks at how challenges can affect our mental health, and some of the positive traits that can be used to give a person the hope and encouragement that they need. Whilst reading this article I could feel my mind racing as to the possibilities of this research. In society today I believe we rely far too much on drugs and prescription medications to help us overcome a lot of life’s challenges, when maybe someone to listen to your problems or a kind word would help enormously. As people develop through their formative years into adulthood, there are a lot of lifestyle changes that can and may occur; using positive psychology, could help a person approach these changes with a different outlook. Everyone...
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...Psyppppp One of the biggest factor in growing older is the problem of financial situations. What are you going to do when you are retired? How are you going to cope with not having a some kind of schedule? He states that 59% of workers are expected to receive pension upon retirement and 41% of workers invest in pension plans. He also discusses some issues of why retirement plans need to change. Some of this reason are the recession and the hit to the trade market. With him saying 63%of Americans are saying they do not believe in retirement. The reason I pick this article is because retirement has been a big issue for the United States lately. I am going to be 32 and I need to start thinking what I needed to do in the future. I do not think Social Security is going to be an option for me in the future. Investments are unpredictable, and with me as well as most Americans we are just making ends meet. Its had to say what is going to happen in the future, but it looks pretty grim. If I had to write a research paper on this subject. I would definitely chose this article because of the options it gives to people in retirement. The main purpose of these article is spending. We spend so much money on things that are really not that important. Some examples are eating out, shopping for clothes that are in style. This types of spending can be expensive. A great example would be when I was a kid, I would have my mom buy me the new Jordan when it came out. They were just shoes and they only...
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...emotional and social development for each of the life stages of an individual All living things have a life cycle. Every human goes through these stages throughout their life in which changes occur. -Infancy -Childhood -Adolescence -Adulthood -Elderly Infancy After around nine months inside the mother’s womb a child is born. During the infant stage the individual is extremely dependant, the adult would have to feed, nurture and look after the infant. Infancy occurs from birth to around two or three years old. Although every individual goes through the developments, they occur at different rates. The physical developments that occur in the first two years are rather dramatic. The infant’s weight will double from birth to five months, triples by twelve months and quadruples by the age of twenty four months. During this stage the individuals length does not change as rapidly as the infant’s length at birth is already 75% of what it will be at two years old. The head grows the fastest followed by the rest of the body downwards. The brain triples in weight and size by the age of three. During the first year the child masters a number of gross motor skills. One to two months old, the individual will hold up his head, four months may involve rolling from side to side. Between seven and nine months the child may sit up without assistance begin crawling and pulling himself up to standing. Around eleven to twelve months the infant will attempt walking. The social and emotional...
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...Social Development Research PSY/172 Essentials of Psychology Social Development Research Article Title: Adulthood Link: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/worldsocs/adulthood I chose this article because it provided an interesting theory of how sociological changes have influenced and delayed the transition into adulthood. The article focused on the impact of modern technological and industrial changes to societal attitudes toward adult rites of passage. In the modern-day industrial society, the introduction of formal education as well as the need for higher education in the twentieth-century postponed adulthood by introducing an adolescent and post-adolescent phase prior to adulthood. By comparison, in the agricultural society of the medieval era, people transitioned from infancy to adulthood as soon as they could work alongside their elders. Some interesting key points of the article, Adulthood, describe both formal and informal transitions in a person’s life that indicate the achievement of adult status. Formal indicators that a person has achieved adult status are: 1. Completion of formal education 2. Economic independence 3. Moving out of the parent’s home 4. Voting 5. Full-time employment 6. Marriage Informal transitions into adulthood are behavioral patterns assumed by an adolescent in an attempt to attain adult status. These behaviors include: 1. Drug and alcohol use 2. Smoking 3. Sexual activity 4. Teenage pregnancy...
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...Running Head: LATE ADULTHOOD & DEATH Late Adulthood and Death Paper Late Adulthood and Death The final years of an individual's lifespan mark the time for reflection of one's life while also spending time with family, including grandchildren, and maintaining physical and mental health throughout the entire stage of late adulthood. Quality of life in late adulthood is determined by genetics, the modification of destructive lifestyles and behaviors, and selecting healthier options not only throughout the earlier stages of development but especially in this stage for improvements to health and having an overall sense of well-being (Berger, 2008). Remaining socially active and independent for as long as possible instead of succumbing to isolating is key during this stage of adulthood (Berger, 2008). The more adults in this stage of aging that live socially active, healthy, and physically active lives while maintaining important family roles the more individuals will be refraining from the negative and stereotypical thoughts of ageism which will assist in their premature decline. High quality medical care assisted by technology can provide aging adults comfort knowing they are helping to protect and safeguard younger generations as science learns from the older generations. Ageism and Stereotypes In late adulthood, there are many stereotypes and unfavorable understandings of older adults (Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood, n.d.). Ageism...
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...Psychological Theory of Development: Erik Erikson 1. Erik Erikson was the first psychologist to do what? Ans1. Erik Erikson was the first psychologist to describe predictable stages of human development from childhood through adulthood. In his Theory of Psychosocial Development, he depicted a series of eight stages in which an individual's identity emerges and matures. 2. How many stages are in Erikson's theory? Ans2. In Erik Erikson's theory of Psychosocial Development, he depicted a series of 8 stages in which an individual's identity emerges and matures. 3. Why are Erikson's psychosocial stages referred to as a "crisis"? Ans3. Erikson's psychosocial stages are referred to as a "crisis" because each stage presents a dilemma/crisis, in which the person is challenged to develop by new situation and circumstances in life. The individual needs to resolve the crisis. • When individuals resolve a crisis they developan ability which will help them with the challenge in the next stage. 4. What generally happens in each psychosocial stage? Ans4. Each stage presents a dilemma in which a person is challenged by new situations and circumstances in life. People are pushed through the stages by their biological clock and by the social clock of the society in which they live. The progress of the psychological clock influences the development of an identity. By resolving each dilemma successfully, the individual acquires basic strength needed to meet the challenges for the next stage...
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...its own stage of development and related tasks. The first age group is infants and the related stage of development is trusts vs. mistrust. This development task is related with a given age group to provide attachment and bonding. The rest age group is of early childhood and the stage of development includes Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt. This development task, for this group is to have potty training and self-maintenance. Subsequently, the next age group of schooling includes initiative vs. guilty and the related development tasks are academic success, making friends, social competency and friendship....
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...Social Development Research “The Social Construction of the Personal Past and Its Implications for Adult Development” is the name of my article written by Monisha Pasupathi of the University of Utah. It was published in the Psychological Bulletin in 2001. I located this article from the University of Phoenix library and no it was not difficult to locate and the language was somewhat difficult to understand. The reason I picked this article is because it provides me with so much information on the issues in social development in adulthood. Yes, I would use this article in a research paper on this topic because this article provided me with information about the social process and development of the stage. This article also provides me with information about adult intellectual development. The information provided in this article is really interesting and educational. The main points in this article makes concerning social development in adulthood, because it helps me understand rather or not culture plays a part in social development in adulthood, which it does. Yes, I somewhat agree with this article’s on view. Now I knew what this article is talking about when comes life because I believe that depends on how you were brought up and what your surroundings were when you was growing up because the key role in your adulthood life. Some people do not believe this but I believe it plays a huge part in life. Some people believe when you get...
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...Early and Middle Adulthood S Brooks PSY/280 January 06, 2015 Professor Murray L. Johnson Early and Middle Adulthood When children leave the teen years and grow into early adulthood into middle adulthood there are many changes and challenges one faces during these periods in life. This paper will discuss how intimate and social relationships develop during early and middle adulthood. This paper will also identify the various role changes that transpire during the periods of early and middle adulthood. The paper will also discuss the immediate and future influences of healthy and unhealthy behaviors practiced throughout early and middle adulthood. The transition from teenage years into early adulthood comes with many challenges; some of the challenges involve different aspects. During early adulthood there are many changes that occur, such as physical, cognitive and emotional changes. First the physical change that comes with leaving adolescence and growing into early adulthood. Women have reached their adult height by age 18 and men by age 21. During this time both men and women continue to add body fat and men continue to build muscle mass. Depending on an individual’s up-bringing it will have an affect on one social skills and intimate relationships. Studies show individual’s who’s up-bringing in a lower income environment usually have less expectation of completing school and or maintaining a professional career. It also states that individual in lower income situations...
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...Physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of an individual at each life stage Physical development Conception to Birth | By the first two weeks, the embryo has attached itself to the uterine wall, the baby’s body starts to develop, the head and trunk appear, followed by tiny arms and buds. Also around 25 days baby’s heart will start beating, the by 30 days the baby will be about a quarter of an inch long, have a brain, eyes, ears, mouth, kidneys, liver and baby’s heart will be pumping blood that he created himself. In the second month the embryo drastically increases in size from 5mm to 40mm, figures and toes start to grow, by the seventh week baby has its own fingerprint, also eyes and ears start to appear, baby will start to move around nearing the eight week. In the third, four and fifth months the baby will be able to feel pain, baby kicks and has a strong grip. Also around that time baby’s hair, eyelashes and eyebrows start to grow as well as baby should by now have open eyes. In the end months before baby is born, baby is able to suck his thumb. The baby will be most active when the mother lays own at night, fatal activity will be affected by now the mother is feeling. | Infancy(0-3) | Reflex develop for survival, for example babies automatically sauce when presented with a nipple. When a mother speaks the child’s heal will automatically turn towards their parent voice. Skills like: blinking, grasping, stepping, sucking and more develop. Rapid growth...
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...Development: this term is normally used to describe changes that might be complex and involve a change in the quality of some ability for example, Lionel Messi’s shooting ability developed during the course of his career. He is now more prone to taking shots outside the box. Development could be a change in measured quantity such as Messi’s height or weight. The changes in the Messi’s social, intellectual and emotional aspects of his life are described in terms of development. Growth: This is usually confused as having the same definition as development however, that is not case. Growth is an increase in a measured quantity. For example height or weight. Developmental norms: These are expectations/standards by which the progress of a child's development can be measured. For example, the average age at which a child walks, learns to talk, or reaches puberty would be such a standard and would be used to judge whether the child is progressing normally. Developmental milestones: These are milestones are behaviours or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. For example, a baby rolling over is considered as a milestone. The milestones are different for each age bracket. Life courses: Maturation: Life expectancy: INFANCY 0-3 YEARS Lionel Messi was born with growth hormone deficiency. This is when the pituitary gland does not make enough growth hormone. Which means during his development in the womb and infancy he was slow in growth development...
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...For this part of the assignment I am going to be evaluating how nature and nurture may affect the development of an individual over two life stages. I will be looking at the effects of nature, nurture in relation to the Jim twins, development over their childhood and adulthood. D1 Nature and Nurture Effects on Childhood Physical Development The Jim twins were identical twins and nature obviously had a big effect on how they looked, both the boys inherited genetics from their parents which determined what they were going too looked like, during their childhood the boys would have looked identical, but they just didn’t know each other. But one twin in his childhood had a fringe and the other didn’t, these different hair styles would have been the effect of nurture as he would have been influenced to have his hair that way by seeing others with the same hairstyle or his adoptive parents wanting him to have his hair like that. Nature would have had an effect on the twin’s physical development as the genes they gathered from their biological parents would have determined that during their childhood, they disliked basketball and other sports, this could have been because, both their parents may not of been very sporty, which could of led them to inherit gene which meant they were going to be very athletic/sporty either. On the...
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...Of Content Development Across The Life Span Social Clock: Ravena Helson Social And PD In Adulthood : Daniel Levinson Intimacy Vs Isolation: Erik Erikson Relationship Development: Bernard Mursntein Triangular Theory Of Love: Robert Sternberg Selecting A Partner Marriage Conflict Divorce UNIT 4 EARLY ADULTHOOD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Career Choose And Embarking On Career Identity During Young Adulthood Career Development Holland’s Theory Ginzberg’s theory Gender And Career Choice Why People Work Career Transition Learning Unit Objectives Development Across the Lifespan Discuss about the personality development of early adulthood. Explain Social clock: Ravena Helson, Social and PD in adulthood : Daniel Levinson, Intimacy vs Isolation: Erik Erikson, Relationship development: Bernard Mursntein and Triangular Theory of Love: Robert Sternberg Discuss on issues about selecting a Partner as well as Marriage, Conflict in marriage and divorce Discuss issues related to Career. What makes people happy? Money? Materials? Objects? According to research, happiness in young adulthood is usually derived from feelings of independence, competence, or self-esteem (Sheldon et al, 2001). Therefore, the components of happiness: Fulfillment of psychological needs. Building relationships in Early Adulthood: Liking and Loving During early adulthood, romance, love, marriage and...
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...Young Adulthood Stages of Development Physical development for the young adult typically sees one in the best physical condition: strong, sharp senses, and stamina. Memory and thinking (cognitive) abilities are at their highest. The social development and personality development for the young adult can be identified with a desire to be socially independent and with a high ambition to succeed and can include occupation selection, selecting a life-partner, starting a family, accepting responsibilities, and social networking. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Middle Adulthood Stages of Development The physical development in middle adulthood can be accompanied a loss of strength, vision sharpness, strength, and coordination. Cognitive development during middle adulthood generally shows an average memory loss and a reduced ability to perform tasks requiring speed. The social and personality development during middle adulthood is considered by some to be synonymous with "mid-life crisis" which heralds the reevaluation of one's life goals and accomplishments and can spur positive changes, not just the negative changes generally associated with mid-life crisis and greater psychological health. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Late Adulthood Stages of Development Late adulthood can be marked by menopause and osteoporosis, a reduction in bone density, grey hair, less skin elasticity, and a loss of muscle mass resulting in an increase of body fat. Cognitively, during late adulthood verbal skills...
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