...As the Mesopotamian civilization developed so did their culture. They developed a variety of festivals, ceremonies, traditions, and much more. It had a dense culture followed by variety of activities; Games, Festivals, Music, Dance. Hunting, wrestling and boxing were the most common Games played by Mesopotamian people. They also played major, a game similar to the sport rugby, but played with a ball made of wood. They also played a board game similar to Senet and backgammon, now known as the "Royal Game of Ur." Mesopotamian people use to write songs and dedicate it to their gods and goddesses on special events. Mesopotamian cultures portrayed social hierarchies which existed in every level of society, from ruler to subject, husband to wife,...
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...Social hierarchies are social differentiations based on education level, training, knowledge,and skills. The 1997 film Gattaca details the effects of determining a society's structure based solely on human capability testing, in which test results decide the fate of each individual with little to no freedom of choice. The film combines science and social hierarchies to argue that science and technology have the ability to create social hierarchies that go beyond educational, racial, or economic status and have the ability to manipulate and create new hierarchies through genetic manipulation, but will never be able to effectively build social structure because of individuals’ determinism and inevitable motivation to break free, like Vincent...
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...The is a Cultural Division of a Social Hierarchy In an organized society, class distinctions divide the population accordingly. Class distinctions can be separated by financial status, racism, education,and etc. Social hierarchies greatly impact one's quality of life. In the novel,”The Secret Life of Bees,” by Sue Monk Kidd, portrays issues displayed in social hierarchies. Issues portrayed in class divisions can often be bias or racist towards a certain group of individuals that have certain qualities or skills. Social organizations in the novel are separated into two separate spheres. In the 1960s, social groups were separated into white privilege and african american poverty. In 1964 South Carolina, said classes were often split, unequal and an opinion of the author's own morals. In the 1960s, white and black social classes lived in two separate societies but coincided together. African americans often carried out actions for white families such as hard labour or serving as a help because they are deemed as lower and often demeaned. Monk Kidd writes, “Rosaleen had worked for us since my mother died. My daddy - who I called...
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...The Mesquakie utilized several forms of social governance to manage its people and their interactions with other tribes. But how did the Mesquakie organize their social hierarchy? What function did its leaders perform and how did those positions change over time in the 18th and late 19th centuries? While the Mesquakie had loose political organization in peacetime, during war the leaders took on a more formal role as Warchiefs to represent and defend the people. Chiefs were essential to the survival of the tribe; a strong chief was directly correlated to the prosperity of the tribe. Chiefship was inherited by the oldest son of the former chief. The position could be declined and passed to the next male heir. A chief in the 1830’s, Young Mahaskah,...
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...The ancient Indian tradition of social hierarchy is deeply rooted in the caste system. Based on this system, the society is divided into four classes, which are the Brahman, the Ruler (khattiya), the Trader (vessa), and the Servant (sudda). At the top of the hierarchy is the Brahman class who enjoys the highest status and privileges, then followed by the Ruler, the Trader, and the Servant at the bottom. The Indian caste system is based on birth and lineage, which will determine one’s social position and one’s profession in society. Individuals inherit their caste from their parents and pass them down to their children. This means that no matter what people do, they cannot change their caste. The lower castes will always be bounded by the social limitation. The Buddha strongly rejects the caste system and the social inequality within the classes. In Dhammapada and “The Origin of Things”, the Buddha further emphasizes his rejection by explaining that birth should not be the determinant of one’s social rank, the equality within classes, and the Truth is the best thing in the world. In chapter XXVI of Dhammapada, the Buddha elaborates on how one can become a brāhmaṇa. Here brāhmaṇa refers to arhat, not the social class. The Buddha says that (Dhammapada, 67): Not by matted hair, nor by clan, Nor by birth does one become a brāhmaṇa. In whom is truth and dhamma, He is the pure one, and he is the brāhmaṇa. (393) And I do not call one a brāhmaṇa Merely by being born from a [brāhmaṇa]...
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...Othello and its social hierarchy, contrary to today's day and age, required it to be upheld by men. If written any other way, the plot would not have made any sense in correlation to the social, economic, and political values of seventeenth century Venice. Gender roles were simple. Men were the military and political leaders of their home and land and were, also, expected to remain loyal to their strong sense of masculinity by displaying it every now and then. Women, on the other hand, were thought of like faulty males, not head strong and independent, but weak and subservient. The strangely alluring thing about Othello is Shakespeare’s upheaval of these expectations, demonstrating his unease over the way gender relationships were so often displayed in his stimuli. The resolve of Othello's female characters showed their ability to do much more than just serve. From the way the play begins, women seem like nothing more than affectionate wives and pawns in Iago’s evil game. Emilia claims, “I do nothing, but to please his fantasy,” (2.1.157)...
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...Our daily lives are governed, explained, and lived in accordance to the way we’re expected to behave and act by society. We organize ourselves based on socially accepted norms. We learn not to step out of line or cross the line of these norms. This “line” we learn to be cautious around is symbolic boundaries. Lamont and Molnar use the concept of symbolic boundaries to explain social inequalities and social hierarchy. Symbolic boundaries are conceptual differences or characteristics created to help society produce categories of organization (Lamont and Molnar 2002: 168). Symbolic boundaries, inherently, contribute to the formation of a collective identity. Collective identities are often based on some established difference between groups...
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...Faiz Mahdi Syed I.D. 211310041 Eng 103 Sak Di Na (Social Hierarchy System) Sakdina in Thailand was a system of social hierarchy in place officially until 1932 but still exists in different parts of Thai society. The Sakdina system was basically introduced in the reign of King Borommatrailokkanat (1448-1488) , the system was designed to force even the most far-flung regions into line but became legally coded at the time of King Rama I. This code joined together laws that had been inexistence for more then hundreds of years, due to this the Sakdina system became important to Thai people. The system itself was based upon a cultural and social order that had been practiced in much of the country at local level for centuries. In medieval Thailand, they had remote regions with many isolated villages which were only reachable by river. During the Ayutthaya Kingdom, maintaining control over remote areas was a constant challenge, regional rulers often were careless in the eyes of a greedy capital. King Borommatrailokkanat passed a series of laws that have resonated down Thai history to today and is one of the most influential royal commands issued in Thai history. King Borommatrailokkanat introduced a historical governmental social system which is known as the Sakdina System, but that time it was a must to follow law of Military and Civil hierarchies. King Borommatrailokkanat made three major changes to the Sakdina system, he fully centralized it, expanded as far as possible...
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...Kady Franklin Final Paper Shakespeare I Viola: A Pure Heart Disguised in Drab Clothes In a time when women were not even allowed to portray themselves on stage, Shakespeare often incorporates female characters that cross-dress as men into his comedies. These women disguise themselves as men in order to deceive other characters and accomplish their own tasks, yet this act was a serious crime during the time period and was socially unacceptable. The character of Viola in Shakespeare’s comedy Twelfth Night serves as an ideological tool to question the cultural discourse and contempt for women that cross-dressed in the Renaissance time period. As is the norm with most of Shakespeare’s heroines, Viola is a nearly faultless character that is very likable throughout the entire play. While the audience may be confused or turned off by her decision to dress as a man, it is easy to write-off because it is the basis for the entire plot of the play. After being shipwrecked and separated from her twin brother, Viola decides that she wants to serve the Countess Olivia, but finds it impossible. Instead, she decides to serve the Duke Orsino, and she must disguise herself as a boy in order to do this. Thus begins Viola’s second life as a young servant named Cesario. However, it should not be so easy to write-off this decision to cross-dress, and if the reader looks deeper into the implications behind this then they might be able to understand the cultural discourse of the times a little...
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...managers must constantly analyze organizational structure. This chapter examines the vertical dimension of structure—the hierarchy of authority created to control an organization’s members. How and why does vertical differentiation occur? The Emergence of the Hierarchy The hierarchy emerges when an organization faces coordination and motivation problems due to increased level of differentiation. At this point, the hierarchy emerges to coordinate and motivate members by increasing the number of managers and organizational levels. This gives the organization direct face to face control over its members. Managers choose between a flat hierarchy with few levels relative to company size and a tall hierarchy with many levels relative to size. Problems with Tall Hierarchies A hierarchy is tall if it has many levels relative to organizational size and flat if it has few levels relative to size. Most large companies do not exceed 9 or 10 levels and do not increase the number of managers, because tall hierarchies have problems with A) Communication Problems. As the chain of command extends, communication takes longer, which slows decision making. Information is distorted, accidentally or deliberately, as it goes up and down the hierarchy. B) Motivation Problems. The taller the organization, the less managerial authority and responsibility there are. Tall hierarchies decrease motivation because managers, with less authority and responsibility, are less motivated....
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...Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument An organization is a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goal. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations are open system they affect and are affected by their environment. In an organization, as per the structure of the organization and the industry requirements the organization internally may be divided into separate departments. These departments help delegating the work resulting into better accuracy. Inter connected and co dependant working departments result into better team dynamics making the department and the company as a whole better equipped to face the external environmental disturbances. Adaptation to the external environment, hierarchical structure, the participative nature of the employees in the activities within the organization constitute of the culture of the organization. Every organization has its own strengths and weaknesses and there always is a scope for improvement. Management professors, Kim S. Cameron & Robert E. Quinn of the University of Michigan, developed Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) to assess organizational culture. The tool assesses following six characteristics for corporate culture: • Dominant characteristics • Organizational...
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...CULTURE NIGERIA INDIA MATERIAL LIFE Industrial sector - structurally weak, industrial development based on import substitution strategy, production, distribution and consumption depends a lot on families and community efforts. Industrial Sector is comparatively well developed. LANGUAGE 529 languages - 7 extinct English is the official language, Other most spoken languages are - Haus, Igbo, Yoruba, Pidgin-English 780 languages – 220 lost last 50 yrs. 14 official Languages Hindi is the first official Language and English is the second, Other most spoken languages are Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil SOCIAL INTERACTIONS Extended families-Social standing and recognition, Family relationships are guided by hierarchy and seniority. Individuals turn to members of the extended family for financial aid and guidance Very similar to Nigeria Family relationships are guided by hierarchy and seniority. Great importance is given to elders in the family who are also decision makers. AESTHETICS Ethnic, tattooing & Ornamentation, Art inspired by nature, Depends on availability of recourses, has utilitarian significance, socio-cultural significance is symbolic, Extensive use of colours. Follows similar patterns use of vibrant colours, jewellery, Colours and music art folk songs for every occasion. RELIGION Main religions of Nigeria are Islam (50%) and Christianity (48%), other religions, which includes: Judaism, Hinduism, Bahá'i Characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices...
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...the settlers who arrived to these region were trying to get away from the Civil War which was dividing England and also were trying to escape poverty. The New England Colonies mostly had people looking for a stable community and were very religious. The Chesapeake Bay mostly cared about wealth and their social rank. Due to these reasons the regions began to vary and so did people. The differences in development occurred due to the the difference in priority, while one society,The New England Colonies, focused on family and community, the other society, the Chesapeake Bay, focused on wealth and social ranking...
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...P3- Describe how Two Businesses are Organised This report consists of two contrasting businesses’ organisational system. My chosen businesses are Coca-Cola and Ealing, Hammersmith and Ealing, Hammersmith & West London College. Coca-Cola is a large corporation founded in 1886 in Georgia, U.S.A. that specialised in selling non-alcoholic beverages across the world. It owns more than 110 brands and 6 manufacturing sites in Great Britain already. Businesses create Mission Statements, Aims& Objectives and Strategic Plans in order to have a clear view of their future development and so they can follow a specific plan in order to achieve their goals. Coca-Cola’s Mission Statements are the following: * To refresh the world - in mind, body and spirit * To inspire moments of optimism - through our brands and actions * To create value and make a difference everywhere we engage Here are their Aims & Objectives in order to accomplish their Mission Statements & Strategic plans: * Profit - Maximising return to shareholders, while being mindful of our overall responsibilities * People - Being a great place to work, where people are inspired to be the best they can be * Portfolio - Bringing to the world a portfolio of beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people's desires and needs * Partners - Nurturing a winning network of partners and building mutual loyalty * Planet - Being a responsible global citizen that makes a difference ...
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...operating through fluid network structures rather than more-formal hierarchies. The traditional paradigm for studying organized crime emphasized identifying the hierarchical or pyramidal structures of criminal organizations. Donald Cressey’s famous analysis was based on the example provided by La Cosa Nostra in the United States. It emphasized the existence of a “nationwide illicit cartel and confederation,” the governing role of a national commission, hierarchical structure, and the clear division of labor between local branches”. Cressey’s analysis, that organized crime was much more fluid than portrayed by the conventional wisdom, but also that stated that relations and network structures played a pivotal role. Networks are one of the most common forms of social organization. They are simultaneously pervasive and intangible, ubiquitous and invisible, everywhere and nowhere. Networks are not an exclusive organizational form and often exist within more traditional hierarchical structures, cutting through divisions based on specialization or rank. It is also possible to have networks in which hierarchical organizations are key participants. Networks are also an important complement to markets, making them more efficient, reducing transaction costs, and providing increased opportunities for both buyers and sellers. These characteristics their pervasiveness, their capacity to coexist both within and outside hierarchies, their ability to make markets more efficient by facilitating...
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