...Social Innovation Exercise 1) One of the biggest problems we face in Southern California and all around the world is the issue if sustainable living and sustainable communities. Most of the communities surrounding the CA/Tijuana border are faced with infrastructure inadequacies due to a lack of government funding. As residents of San Diego we are almost completely oblivious to the fact that just 25 miles south citizens of the U.S and Mexico face issues with shelter, clean drinking water, pollution, and urban sprawl stressors. One of the most prominent issues currently facing the U.S-Tijuana border region is the high density of its urbanized canyons. Tijuana is filled with people who are struggling everyday for food and water. These citizens must piece together temporary structures that end up being washed away from rain. As a result of unsafe infrastructure and pollution the runoff consisting of tires, trash, and human waste is threatening the environmental vitality of the Tijuana River Valley Estuary. This problem is not only affecting Tijuana but also San Diego, causing everything from beach closures to destroyed wildlife. The issues described in the U.S/Tijuana region are not uncommon for low-income communities across the world. Countries such as Brazil and many regions throughout Africa are gravely affected by poor infrastructure. One of the biggest problems thus far has been locating proper funding and manpower to solve these inadequacies. Most of the people within...
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...SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS LACK BUSINESS SKILLS TRAINING, EDUCATION AND SOCIAL INNOVATION By: Marisa Cloete Mini Research Proposal History and Theory of Graphic Design 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………….....3 LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………..4 APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………………………….4 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ………………………………………………………………………..…..5 CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH PROBLEM …………………………………………………………...6 1.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………...6 1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM ……………..……………………………………6 1.3 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM …………….…………..………………,.7 1.4.1 MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION .....................................................................................7 1.4.2 SUB-QUESTION ….....……………………………………………………..………………....7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………..………………..8 2.1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………….….……………….8 2.2 SOCIAL INNOVATION, SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR BASIC NEEDS…….8 2.3 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS NEED SKILLS AND TRAINING. ……….……..…………….9 2.4 CASE STUDIES: SUCCESFULL SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS …..……………………..11 2.4.1 LOCAL CASE STUDIES IN RELATION TO DESIGN RESEARCH ……….…….....11 2.4.2 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES IN RELATION TO DESIGN RESEARCH…....12 2.5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………..……..……...………..13 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY …….…………….…………….14 3.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………..…………….……………….14 3.2 QUALITATIVE...
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...SOCIAL INNOVATION IN SPAIN Introduction Social innovation is defined as a novel solution to a social problem that is more effective, efficient, sustainable, or just than existing solutions and for which the value created accrues primarily to society as a whole rather than private individuals. The results of social innovation - new ideas that meet the unmet needs- are all around us. The results include hospices and kindergartens, fair trade and restorative justices, distance learning and congestion charging. Social innovation is different from innovation or creativity in general because it covers very wide boundaries of impact from gay partnership to new ways of using mobile phone texting and from new lifestyles to new products and services. Why Social Innovation? The financial and economic crisis makes creativity and innovation in general and social innovation in particular more important to foster sustainable growth, secure jobs and boost household health in micro level. The reason social innovation has moved center stage over the last decade is that existing structures and policies have found it impossible to crack some of the most pressing issues of our times – such as climate change, the worldwide epidemic of chronic disease, and widening inequality. History of Social Innovation The last two centuries have seen innumerable social innovations that have moved from margins to mainstream. These include the invention and spread of trade unions and cooperatives, which...
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...公民社会 | CIVIL SOCIETY Design anD social innovation 设计与社会创新 文 Article > 殷雯婷 Yin Wenting 当我们还在纠结于用设计增加商业产品 附加值时， 许多国家已经将设计应用到社 会创新层面来引领社会趋势， 解决社会 问题。 >由 “重要设计” 推出的 “Neonurture” 婴儿保温箱（图片来源： Design that Matters官方网站） 何谓社会创新？ 社会创新（Social Innovation）这一说法， 在 1960年代开始出现， 之后被改革者、 社会学家 等开始讨论。 在21世纪后， 这股风潮已从学术 界吹到了社会， 并开始盛行。 这点我们从政策 决策者的一系列行动中可以看到： 欧盟建立着 重于社会创新的发展策略研究， 美国政府在白 宫建立社会创新办公室。 关 于 社 会 创 新 的 定 义 ，在 欧 洲 委 员 会 （European Commission）的官方网站上将 其定义为 “为更有效地解决社会需求和建立 新的社会关 系或合作的新想法， 这些想法涉 及 产品、服务和模 型， 其创新的结果 和手段 都是社会化的” 斯坦福大学出版的《斯坦福 。 社会创新评论》 （Stanford Social Innovation Review）2008秋季刊上发表的《重新发现社 会创新》 （Rediscovering Social Innovation） 一文， 则将其定义为 “以解决一个社会问题为 目的的创新解决方案， 这些方案可以比现有 方案更有效、 可持续化， 并且可以让其创造的 价值为整个社会， 而非个人增长” 。 设计与社会创新的天然联系 随着当代创新对于交叉学科、 领域合作的要 求， 政治家、 经济学家、 社会学家等也需要各 领域人才一起合作来找到社会创新的出路。 通 过一个政策方案， 为解决某个社会问题提 供 资 金、人 力后， 只有通 过 提 供 公 共服务系 统、 产品等一系列的措施， 才能改善或解决社 会问题进而带来社会创新。 因此， 在这个具体 的实施过程中， 如何提供直指目标的公共服务 系统和产品是关键所在。 而设计， 最重要的存在价值之一就是改善或解 决生活中的问题。 化解普通 打火机易受气 压 和低温影响问题的ZIPPO打火机、继 承努美 阿土著的风俗人文而又大胆创新的吉巴欧文 2013.08 | 187 三边联谈 | TRIPARTITE > “H项目设计” 工作室为伯蒂乡村学校（Bertie Country School）做的整体设计（图片来源： Project H Design官方网站） 化中心、 根据人们认知特点谨慎应用色彩和商 标的无印良品标识系统等， 都是产品设计、 建 筑设计、 平面设计领域中探索问题的起因、 现 象、 本质， 然后有针对性地进行改良和设计的 成功案例。 它们的经久不衰， 是其存在价值的 最好体现。 事实上， 根植于现实， 希望为人们解决现实问 题的设计与致力于解决社会问题的社会创新， 在动机上是有一定重合的， 尤其当设计指向的 现实问题与社会问题相一致或紧密联系时。 通常设计师们的视角往往更加注重于解决方 案， 因此， 他们是提供联系大众和政策的公共 服务系统和产品的最佳候选人之一。 188 | ART AND DESIGN | Vol.164 面对社会创新这个大课题， 设计的角色定位到 底在哪里？ 换一句话说， 设计师可以怎样建立 创新的解决方案，...
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...known as an externality. The strategies idea is to treat the societal issues the way economical issues have been treated. But, by treating the issue like a business where the company can see a profit, there can be success within the firm and within the society. 2. Social Entrepreneurship: A Case for Definition; Martin & Osberg Martin and Osberg try to formulate boundaries for the definition of a social entrepreneur because they believe it’s significant in order for society to move forward. The authors believe that they are not taken seriously now but are beginning to generate some stir within society because they are causing a positive social change. A social entrepreneur is defined by someone who finds a crisis within a disadvantaged sector of people who do not have enough resources in order to get themselves out of it. Once they find the crisis, they see it as an opportunity to create a more stable equilibrium and environment for the future of the people with direct action. Whatever it is that the social entrepreneur created goes on to impact the society as a whole. Their creations do not remain in one place; they spread to other sectors that have been suffering from the same problem. Plenaries: 1. Social Entrepreneurship; Szaky Szaky spoke about how...
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...sustainability? Social Environment Economic 2) What did Michael Porter come up with? A)Reinnovation B) The Five Forces concept C) sustainability 1) Which country was used as a subject to test the potential benefits from entrepreneurship and innovation in developing countries? (a) Haiti (b) Uganda (c) Ghana (d) Latvia 2) According to the article pertaining to innovation in developing nations, there is a positive relationship between ___________ and __________. (a) education, rate of income (b) cultural barriers, economic development (c) firm size, innovation 3) T/F As a benefit of service innovation, it is believed that users have valid, innovative, useful, and creative ideas. True A unique approach to innovations produces _______ innovation verse a typical strategy that produces ________ innovation. a) radical/incremental b) greater/less c)less/greater d) incremental/radical What is not one of Porters 5 forces for competitive strategy? a) Rivalry b) Substitutes c) Consumer power d) Barriers and entry 1. The adoption of a radical process innovation is significantly promoted THE MOST by: A. Large company size B. The presence of a champion C. Technology policies D. Sustainability Answer: B 2. Which of the following factors DOES NOT impact how well a company innovates? A. Company size B. Level of education C. Race D. Amount of resources Answer: C What factor could influence innovation? A. Size of firm ...
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...Technology has been a primary driver of social change for thousands of years. In particular, four technological innovations were responsible for social revolutions: The domestication of plants and animals over ten thousand years ago, the invention of the plow, the invention of the steam engine, and the invention of the computer all led to massive social change (Henslin 390). The transition from hunting and gathering to a pastoral society changed earlier societies by enabling them to abandon migratory practices and establish fixed residences. The invention of the plow revolutionized agricultural techniques and increased yields, allowing societies to sustain larger populations. The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century transformed the transportation capabilities of society and spurred further innovation as people and materials could be quickly transported on land for distances previously unimaginable. Finally, it is difficult to understate the ways in which the microchip and personal computer have fundamentally altered the organization of society; the instant access to and constant flows of information have changed communication, education, and business in modern society. In light of the social change wrought by these technological innovations, sociologist William Ogburn argued that technology was the basic cause of social change. In particular, he identified three processes by which technology drove social change: Invention, discovery, and diffusion. While...
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...1.0 Introduction According to Leslie and Philip (2012), innovation is the commercial exploitation of new knowledge, in other words, developing new ideas into products and production processes and selling them on to customers. Innovation is also the process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay. The term innovation can be defined as something that are original and, as consequence, new that ‘breaks into’ the market. Innovation is needed for businesses to produce new products. Multinational Companies (MNC) can be defined as corporations which have their home in one country but operate and live under the laws and customs of other countries as well according to Ruth and Michael (2000). Generally, any company or group that derives a quarter of its revenue from operations outside of its home country is considered multinational companies. It can also be referred to as an international corporation. One of the examples of MNC is Starbucks. Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 20891 stores in 64 countries (Wikipedia, 2013). According to Leslie and Philip (2012), the global business environment can be defined as the environment in different sovereign countries, with factors exogenous to the home environment of the organization, influencing decision making on resource...
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...homework, we save for retirement, and we take out insurance. The same principles should surely apply to society as a whole. But how can leaders weigh the present against the future? How can they avoid retrenchment by scientific uncertainty? Analysts have turned to techniques such as scenario planning that involve exploring different possible futures rather than gambling on a single prediction. This article speaks largely on technological innovations shaping the future. One needs to see how this approach works in practice and figure out what exactly the computer should calculate (Popper et al., 2005). The writer is in agreeance that the future is uncertain and the world is facing many challenges. Analysts are researching ways to preserve the environment, safeguard the future of social security, and shield against terrorism and manage the effects of novel technology. Popper et al. (2005) suggests that there should be constructed, rigorous, and systemic methods for dealing with deep uncertainty. Using computers and technological innovations was one of these researchers’ primary solutions. As the future will always be uncertain, Morselli (2013) reports we must assume that educators will continue to design learning opportunities and learners will participate in those learning opportunities and will learn in ways that they would not have done if educators were not involved. Morselli (2013) assumes that teachers will continue to have a central role, and that technology is not...
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...Group 16 Innovation in Product Submission #2 Anant Jain B15131 Ankit Goel B15132 Anshul Jain B15134 2015 1. Introduction Innovation is refinement in a product, process, method, or a part thereof. Innovation has become a buzz-word in recent years, with increasing relevance of ‘innovation-centred business models’, and ‘innovation-led-entrepreneurism’. In fact, the success stories of Industrial America, technological Silicon Valley, American financial market, etc., are tales of constant innovations. ‘Digitization’ has shifted access to knowledge and information from a privilege to convenience: anyone who is willing and able to pay, has an access. Also, sharing of information and flow of payments and tenders through internet has changes businesses like never before. 1.1 What is Product Innovation? Product Innovation can be defined as creating a new product, or making changes in the existing product, or creating a differentiation in terms of utility or features of the product. Light Bulb, telephone, microprocessors, digital displays were great innovation in terms of making of new products, i-pods, cell phone, integrated circuits were innovations in terms of modification in existing products. Not all product innovations are technological breakthroughs- take a safety pin for example. Even candle, fountain pen, and scissors are examples of path-breaking revolution, that didn’t require significant technology, or invention capabilities. On the other...
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...The management of sporting innovation at Decathlon. Between rationality and chaos (P262) Guillaume Richard*, Yann Abdourazakou* Abstract: The point under study is the first of such a nature. We investigated the management of innovation in the company called Decathlon. In recent years, vertical integration has rarely been so much developed as in the leading company of sporting goods’ distribution in France. Based on the group’s “sporting universe” concept, it now challenges some bigger firms’ on their main segment. We interviewed the head of innovation for Decathlon’s brands in France and Europe. Since the 1990’s, Decathlon’s strategies have not taken a unique and rational way towards success. Sometimes unexpected, they do not fit the traditional and rational management model of this aspect of competition between firms. Finally, some non technological aspects of innovation play a key role in the group’s success. Now a major force in the domain of sports equipment, the company Decathlon represents today almost half the French market in the distribution of sporting articles1. From bikes to rucksacks, from hiking boots to tennis rackets, this brand has acquired a great deal of savoirfaire in the conception, the realization and the production of its “universe” brand. By way of an example, Decathlon is the biggest producer of bikes (Btwin) in the whole of France, the number 1 in the country for rucksacks and the fourth largest producer in the world of sporting goods...
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...Electron Commerce Res (2006) 6: 57–73 DOI: 10.1007/s10660-006-5988-7 Community based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual communities into new product development Johann Fuller · Michael Bartl · Holger Ernst · ¨ Hans Muhlbacher ¨ C Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2006 Abstract Online consumer groups represent a large pool of product know-how. Hence, they seem to be a promising source of innovation. At present, except for open source software, little is known about how to utilize this know-how for new product development. In this article we explore if and how members of virtual communities can be integrated into new product development. We explain how to identify and access online communities and how to interact with its members in order to get valuable input for new product development. This approach we term “Community Based Innovation.” The Audi case illustrates the applicability of the method and underscores the innovative capability of consumers encountered in virtual communities. Keywords Online communities . User innovations . New product development . Virtual customer integration Customers’ wants and their acquired knowledge through the actual use of products make them an essential external resource for new product development (NPD) [12, 13, 37, 47, 65, 57, 71]. Some customers are not only knowledgeable but also able to develop their own new products [22, 50, 58, 67, 69]. Such innovative customers can be found in online communities J. F¨ ller...
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...The role of innovation in business Introduction Innovation is defined in Schumpeter's Theory of Economic Development (1912) in the field of economics. In Schumpeter’s view, innovation is the process that introduces new combinations of production factors into the production system to get potential profits (Shelton, 2009). Schumpeter argued that innovation is composed of five aspects: the introduction of new products, generation of new technologies, exploration of new markets, acquirement of new materials, implementation new organizational forms (Shelton, 2009). As the famous statement of Ralph Waldo Emerson goes, “If a man can write a better book, preach a better sermon, or make a better mousetrap than his neighbor, though he build his house in the woods, the world will make a beaten path to his door”. The innovation in business has become more and more important nowadays. Continuous innovation is a significant factor for the success of a company. However, is it true that as long as the company can achieve sustainable innovation, it can become successful? This might not be totally right. This essay analyses the role of innovation in business and critically analyzes how innovative strategies can provide businesses with a competitive advantage in their market sectors through the case of Apple Inc and Coca-cola. Discussion Firstly, it comes to prove the correctness of the statement supported by a situation of real case in business. Schumpeter believed that new...
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...Tourism Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Progress in Tourism Management A review of innovation research in tourism Anne-Mette Hjalager University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrsvej 9-10, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 27 January 2009 Accepted 31 August 2009 Keywords: Innovation Innovation systems Knowledge Clusters Policy a b s t r a c t Over the past two decades, there has been increasing focus on the topic of innovation in tourism. This article reviews the research contributions. Various categories of innovation – product, process, managerial, marketing and institutional – are addressed. Important determinants of innovation are acknowledged, including the role of entrepreneurship, technology push and the existence of territorial industry clusters. Representation of knowledge is also identified as a critical factor for both the occurrence and nature of innovations. The review reveals that there is still only limited systematic and comparable empirical evidence of the level of innovative activities and their impacts and wider implications for destinations and national economies. An agenda for future research is emerging, suggesting that there is quest for both formal quantification and for qualitative studies of the foundations, processes, implications and policies of innovation in tourism. Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Throughout history, tourism has been a phenomenon...
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...Customer Clusters as Sources of Innovation-Based Competitive Advantage Vishal Bindroo, Babu John Mariadoss, and Rajani Ganesh Pillai ABSTRACT The authors examine the effect of customer clusters on a firm’s innovation. They argue that knowledge leveraged from customer clusters can help the firm develop innovations. The authors specifically concentrate on the effect of a firm’s geographical proximity and diversity of customer clusters on innovation outcomes. In addition to showing the importance of customer cluster proximity on firm innovation, they explore the effect of customer cluster heterogeneity on innovation in an international marketing environment. They test the theoretical model using multicountry data (N = 288) drawn from the U.K. innovation survey implemented by the Economic and Social Research Council, which collected the data across five European countries. Theoretical constructs operate largely as hypothesized and explain a substantial proportion of the variation in the different innovation outcomes tested. Keywords: radical innovation, customer cluster, cluster heterogeneity, proximity, innovation speed I nnovation is frequently acknowledged as the source of organizational renewal and growth, the primary source of competitive advantage (Porter 1990), and central to marketing strategy (Varadarajan and Jayachandran 1999). Because innovation is linked to superior financial performance and survival ability of firms (Agarwal, Cockburn, and McHale 2006), creating...
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