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1.1 Summarise the key background information leading to the development of this issue (e.g. decreased whale populations). * Why is this a problem? What is the cost to the community of this problem continuing? * What has been tried so far? What impact has that had? Why do we need a fresh approach?
The Problem:
The social problem that we will be working on is pollution, more specifically the pollution of cigarette butts. Cigarette butts may seem small, but with an estimated 4.5 trillion butts (worldwide) littered every year, the toxic chemicals add up” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.). Our goal is to shift the attitudes and habits of smokers on a local front to ultimately stop the pollution of cigarette butts.
How many smokers in Aus?
“Between 2001 and 2011-12, overall rates of smoking have decreased for both males and females. The age standardised rate of current smokers for males aged 18 years and over fell from 27% in 2001 to 20% in 2011-12, and declined from 21% in 2001 to 16% for females” (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014).

How many cigarettes bought?
“There are almost 3 million smokers in Australia and between them they puff on 21 billion — yes, billion — cigarettes a year” (Crikey, 2014).

“About 24 billion cigarettes are sold in Australia each year. It is estimated that 7 billion of these cigarettes are littered” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

How many butts disposed of per day?
“Since the first’ Clean Up Australia Day’ in 1990, cigarette butts have consistently been one of the most common items found by Clean Up volunteers” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

“Cigarette butts may seem small, but with an estimated 4.5 trillion butts (worldwide) littered every year, the toxic chemicals add up” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

Why are cigarette butts so bad?
“Cigarette butts take, on average, 1.5 years to break down” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

“An estimated 100 000 tonnes of polluted air is exhaled by smokers in NSW each year” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

“A cigarette butt can smoulder for up to three hours causing a grass fire or even a bushfire” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

“When butts are discarded, wind and rain carry them into the water supply. The toxic chemicals they contain are then leached into aquatic ecosystems, threatening the quality of the water and marine life” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

“Each butt contains the remnants of tobacco, paper and a filter. The residue in the butts contains toxic, soluble chemicals. These chemicals are deadly and add to the existing cocktail of environmental pollution” (Clean Up Australia Limited, n.d.).

Reference List: * Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2014). Smoking. [online] Abs.gov.au. Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4125.0main+features3320Jan%202013 [Accessed 6 Sep. 2014]. * Clean Up Australia Limited, (n.d.). Cigarette Butts. [online] Clean Up. Available at: http://www.cleanup.org.au/PDF/au/cua-cigarette-butts-fact-sheet.pdf [Accessed 6 Sep. 2014]. * Crikey, (2014). Australians still smoke 21 billion cigarettes a year. Why?. [online] Crikey.com.au. Available at: http://www.crikey.com.au/2014/01/08/australians-still-smoke-21-billion-cigarettes-a-year-why/?wpmp_switcher=mobile [Accessed 6 Sep. 2014].

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