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Social Problems Article Review

In: Social Issues

Submitted By keejoks
Words 3644
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Social Problems; Article Review Sociology 142, MW 11
28th October 2009
Table of Contents 1. Newspaper * Pornography- “Filter can shield kids from smut” * By: Rebecca Hagelin’ * Summary of newspaper article 2. Journal * Drugs & Alcohol- “Alcoholism; Recent findings in alcoholism” * By: B.J. Mason * Summary of journal article 3. Magazine * Violence- “Cartoon violence makes children more aggressive” * By: Laura Clark * Summary of magazine article 4. Bibliography

The Washington Times
April 27, 2009 Monday
“Filter can shield kids from smut”

BYLINE: By Rebecca Hagelin, SPECIAL TO THE WASHINGTON TIMES

SECTION: CULTURE; HOW TO SAVE YOUR FAMILY; A14

LENGTH: 659 wordsCulture challenge of the week: Internet pornographyAmerica is raising a generation of children on porn - and your child just might be one of them. According to the London School of Economics, nine out of 10 teens who go online will view pornography. The Kaiser Family Foundation reports that 70 percent of those who viewed porn stumbled across it - many while innocently doing their homework - and had not been looking for it.The purveyors of hard-core porn are so fixated on creating addicts out of our sons and daughters that they have made it virtually impossible for children to escape their clutches. Even one mistyped letter can lead your child into a sordid world where women are objectified, where there are no lines between violence and sex, and where the most intimate of human acts - created by God to unite husbands and wives - has been twisted into something abusive and ugly.The negative effects of porn usage on children are clear. A Heritage Foundation study reports that the harms include: overestimating the prevalence of practices such as group sex, bestiality and sado-masochism; perceiving promiscuity as normal; developing cynical attitudes about love; and viewing the idea of raising children and having a family as unattractive prospects. Another horrible consequence is that boys begin to view girls as nothing more than sex objects, and our little girls begin to think that being one is how they get ahead in the world.How to save your family from Internet pornography: Install a reliable filter.The solution to a huge part of the problem is easy: download a reliable Internet filter. If you as a mom or dad are not intentionally building a protected space for your children, they risk being mentally and emotionally captured by pornographers in the safety of your own home.Today's wonderful technologies such as the Internet have many benefits for our children - the world and all its wonders are magically at their fingertips. But these advances also mean that parents have to be proactive in fighting those who misuse them. We must not sit idly by when our children are being targeted.The great news is that it only takes a few keystrokes and a few minutes to download a filter that will keep the scum out of your house. I've researched many filters and have found several effective ones that I profile in my book - they all stay one step ahead of the pornographers and clever teens who try to figure out how to break through.A particularly comprehensive one is offered by BSafe.com and costs only about $50 a year. The service is password protected, so you as the parent can simply override the block if it inadvertently screens out something you need. It also sends you a private e-mail letting you know which sites people in your home attempt to visit.This feature came in handy for me when we had a sleep-over of teenage boys one night - it seems that one of them got up and tried to visit his favorite porn site. That information alerted me, and I was able to make sure his parents knew he might have a problem they need to deal with.Critics argue that no system is foolproof. That might be true, but a filter can help you stop the vast majority of the pollution from infecting your home. Of course, you as the mom or dad should be the ultimate filter. And with the help of a reliable filter that you install right away, your job will be a lot easier.The bottom line is that if you have the Internet, and you haven't installed a filter, then you are continually inviting perverts into your home to converse with your child. When someone knocks on our doors, we're selective about who we let in. Make the Internet follow that rule, too. And do it today.* Rebecca Hagelin is senior communications fellow for the Heritage Foundation and the author of "30 Ways in 30 Days to Save Your Family." Have a culture challenge? Write to her at Rebecca@HowToSaveYourFamily.com or visit her Website at www.HowToSaveYourFamily.com | | |
SUBJECT: PORNOGRAPHY (93%); CHILDREN (91%); INTERNET FILTERS (78%); INTERNET & WWW (78%); FOUNDATIONS (72%); ELECTRONIC MAIL (60%) Filter-can-shield-kids-from-smut

ORGANIZATION: HERITAGE FOUNDATION (55%)

LOAD-DATE: April 27, 2009

LANGUAGE: ENGLISH

PUBLICATION-TYPE: Newspaper
Copyright 2009 The Washington Times LLC
All Rights Reserve

Summary of “Filter can shield kids from smut”. This article discusses the dangers of pornography and how it can so easily destroy a not only the individual who watches it, but their family as well. A study done by the Kaiser family foundation found that “70 percent of those who viewed porn stumbled across it - many while innocently doing their homework - and had not been looking for it” (Hagelin). This article discusses the how much our society has changed, and how kids are able to have access the internet and look at pornography, with the click of a button. Furthermore, this article gives some tips on how a parent can block these websites by purchasing a filter such as “BSafe.com and costs only about $50 a year” (Hagelin) for their computer. By doing so, the parent is able to block their child, or even other children that might want to access the pornography, and alert the parents when a pornography site was trying to be accessed. Taking this simple but highly impactful step to installing a internet filter, can prevent against many problems and long term issues that come along with a child being exposed to pornography, especially at such a young age. However, how is this impacting our society? Or is it even having an impact on our society? Functionalism is the idea that “when parts [of a society] fulfill their function, the machine [society] works properly” (Henslin). This idea incorporates many different aspects of society, and when one part of a machine fails then it will throw the whole community out of whack. Pornography is an issue that is on the rise in our community. Research done on pornography says that “70 percent of those who viewed porn stumbled across it - many while innocently doing their homework - and had not been looking for it” (Hagelin). Coupled with that research, pornography isn’t only available on the internet, it is available in books, magazines, and journals. Internet however is the most popular and easiest to access. As time goes on and our society begins to further itself in knowledge and education, we must take into consideration not only the positive aspects that are growing, but the negative as well. Pornograpjhy is a part of society that is growing every day, and with it grows the dangerous addictions and obsession with sex of people of all races, genders, and ages. Pornography is something that people get addicted to and can cause long term problems in life, such as emotional instability, inability to connect emotionally with someone, perceiving the opposite or even same sex as objects for pleasure. This kind of view on relationships and of other people is unhealthy and can lead not only to hazardous emotional difficulties, but from there can lead to physical problems that came from he emotional ones.
Functionalism is closely related to the domino theory; what one part does affect the other. There is not really any part of our society that somehow doesn’t affect another part whether it may be directly or indirectly. Either way, when one part carries a bad connotation with it, it can lead to the destruction of a society, and that is pornography is. It is an unhealthy addiction that is affecting people of all races, genders, and ages, and can lead our society down a path of destruction, and can cause our future generation to have unhealthy obsessions with subjects such as sex, and idealistic views on relationships.

Drug Week
November 7, 2008
ALCOHOLISM;
Reports from B.J. Mason and co-researchers add new data to research in alcoholism

SECTION: EXPANDED REPORTING; Pg. 424

LENGTH: 465 wordsAccording to recent research published in the journal Psychopharmacology, " Laboratory paradigms are useful for investigating mechanisms of human alcohol cue reactivity in a highly controlled environment. A number of studies have examined the effects of beverage exposure or negative affective stimuli on cue reactivity independently, but only a few have reported on interaction effects between beverage cue and affective stimuli, and none have evaluated the effects of positive stimuli on beverage cue reactivity.""Objectives To assess independent and interactive effects of both positive and negative affective stimuli and beverage cue on psychophysiological and subjective measures of reactivity in alcohol dependence. Materials and methods A total of 47 non-treatment-seeking paid volunteers with current alcohol dependence participated in a within-subjects trial where each was exposed to a standardized set of pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant visual stimuli followed by alcohol or water cues. Psychophysiological cue-reactivity measures were obtained during beverage presentation, and subjective reactivity measures were taken directly following beverage presentation. Mixed-effect models revealed a significant main effect of beverage and positive (but not negative) affective stimuli on subjective strength of craving and significant main effects of both positive and negative affective stimuli on ratings of emotionality. Despite the power to detect relatively small interaction effects, no significant interactions were observed between affect and beverage conditions on any reactivity measure. A key finding of this study is that positive affective stimuli commonly associated with drinking situations can induce craving in the absence of alcohol cues. Main effects of beverage cue replicated results from previous studies," wrote B.J. Mason and colleagues (see also Alcoholism).The researchers concluded: "Beverage and affective cues showed no interaction effects."Mason and colleagues published their study in Psychopharmacology (Effect of positive and negative affective stimuli and beverage cues on measures of craving in non treatment-seeking alcoholics. Psychopharmacology, 2008;200(1):141-150).For additional information, contact B.J. Mason, Scripps Research Institute, Pearson Center Alcoholism & Addict Research, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd., TPC-5, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.The publisher's contact information for the journal Psychopharmacology is: Springer, 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013, USA.Keywords: United States, La Jolla, Addiction Medicine, Alcoholism, Mental Health, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacology, Physiology, Psychopharmacology.This article was prepared by Drug Week editors from staff and other reports. Copyright 2008, Drug Week via NewsRx.com. | | |
SUBJECT: SUBSTANCE ABUSE (92%); RESEARCH (91%); RESEARCH REPORTS (90%); PHARMACOLOGY (90%); EXPERIMENTATION & RESEARCH (90%); ALCOHOL ABUSE & ADDICTION (90%); INVESTIGATIONS (90%); PUBLISHING (78%); RESEARCH INSTITUTES (78%) United States; La Jolla; Addiction Medicine; Alcoholism; Mental Health; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacology; Physiology; PsychopharmacologyAll News; Professional News; Therapy

COMPANY: MASON & CO (91%)

GEOGRAPHIC: NEW YORK, NY, USA (50%) NEW YORK, USA (79%) UNITED STATES (79%)

LOAD-DATE: October 29, 2008

LANGUAGE: ENGLISH

PUBLICATION-TYPE: Newsletter

Copyright 2008 Drug Week via NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net

Summary of Alcoholism; Recent findings in alcoholism
Is it true that the more that you are exposed to something the more you crave it? Well, according to the research done by .J. Mason and co-researchers add new data to research in alcoholism, they found that the subjects who were in a closed controlled environment craved alcohol more when it was visually presented to them it a pleasurable way. This study can validate why drugs and alcohol in today’s society has become a lot more common and used. It seems as if these days, people are drinking alcohol and taking drugs at a much younger age than ever before. One reason for this new phenomenon with drugs and alcohol is; advertisement. The advertisement industry is a multibillion dollar industry, that uses not only commercials, but pictures and symbols to sell everything, from food, to cars, to toys, to alcohol and drugs. They do this by specially making poster boards that display and convey the alcohol or drugs in a positive and fun way. This kind of advertisement is what is causing the obsession in younger individuals to want to pursue taking these harmful and dangerous drugs and alcohol. In Americas today’s, we take drugs and alcohol not only for recreational purposes but for “sickness, pleasure, and pain” (Henslin) as well. When one begins to take such impactful drugs for either pleasure or for medical purposes, if they are not taken under close supervision or handled with a lot of self control, it can lead to drug abuse. The symbolism used in advertisements never mention or convey the possible dangers of taking the drugs, except maybe for a little slogan on the bottom saying “please drink responsibly”, which of course usually has hardly any effect on the consumers.
Symbolic interactionism is the way one perceives a symbol, even though the sender might not have meant it in that way, the way the receiver receives the message is the definition of the message. So when it comes to issues such as drugs and alcohol, the senders make sure that the message that they send out that is associated with their product is a positive one. This kind of symbolic interactionism is very dangerous for the consumers, but very profitable for the drug and alcohol companies. Likewise in the research done my B.J. Mason, they discovered that an alcoholic drink is more likely to be taken when it is presented in a pleasurable, calm, welcoming environment.
Drugs and Alcohol are social problems that carry both a positive and negative connotations. However, based on the research done by B.J. Mason they seem to carry more of a negative connotation. Drugs are “substance taken to produce a change in one’s; bodily functions, behavior, emotions, thinking, and state of consciousness” (Henslin).

DAILY MAIL (London)
March 6, 2009 Friday
CARTOON VIOLENCE 'MAKES CHILDREN MORE AGGRESSIVE'

BYLINE: BY LAURA CLARK

LENGTH: 494 wordsHIGH levels of violence in cartoons such as Scooby-Doo can make children more aggressive, researchers claimed yesterday.They found that animated shows aimed at youngsters often have more brutality than programmes broadcast for general audiences.And they said children copied and identified with fantasy characters just as much as they would with screen actors.The study also found that youngsters tended to mimic the negative behaviour they saw on TV such as rumour-spreading, gossiping and eye-rolling.The U.S. psychologists quizzed 95 girls aged ten and 11 about their favourite TV shows, rating them for violent content and verbal and indirect aggression.The shows included Lost, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, American Idol, Scooby-Doo and Pokemon.The researchers found that output aimed at children as young as seven, which included a number of cartoons, had the highest levels of violence.They recorded 26 acts of aggression an hour compared with just five in shows aimed at general audiences and nine in programmes deemed unsuitable for under-14s. 'Results indicated that there are higher levels of physical aggression in children's programmes than in programmes for general audiences,' the study said.It added that the TV industry distinguished between animated violence and non-animated violence and appeared to rate the former as less harmful.'There is ample evidence that animated, sanitised and fantasy violence has an effect on children,' the study's authors said. 'Research on the effects of violent video games, which are all animated, indicates that they have the same effects on children's aggressive thoughts, feelings and behaviours that violent TV shows have demonstrated.'In fact, even cartoonish children's games increase aggression. Labelling certain types of media violence as "fantasy" violence is misleading and may actually serve to increase children's access to harmful violent content by reducing parental concern.'The study, by academics at Iowa State University and published in the Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, also found that children copied at school the verbal aggression they had seen on TV.It said: 'In addition, the effects of televised physical aggression were extensive, such that exposure to televised physical aggression was associated with a variety of negative behaviours in girls.'This anti-social behaviour included verbal and physical aggression and excluding others from friendship groups.Co-author Jennifer Linder said: 'There is ample evidence that physical aggression on TV is associated with increases in aggressive behaviour, but there was little until this study that has shown a link between televised aggression and resulting aggression among children.' Professor Douglas Gentile, who led the study, said content ratings on TV programmes should provide detailed information on the aggression shown.The U.S. introduced a ratings system in the mid-1990s but the idea has not been picked up in Britain. | | |
SUBJECT: CHILDREN (90%); BROADCASTING INDUSTRY (90%); ANIMATED TELEVISION (90%); RESEARCH (90%); RESEARCH REPORTS (89%); PSYCHOLOGY (89%); TELEVISION PROGRAMMING (89%); ANIMATION (89%); BEHAVIOR & COGNITION (78%); ENTERTAINMENT & ARTS (78%); CONTENT RATINGS (76%); YOUTH MARKET (73%); TELEVISION INDUSTRY (72%); ACTORS & ACTRESSES (71%); COMPUTER GAMES (64%); COLLEGE & UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS (61%)

GEOGRAPHIC: LONDON, ENGLAND (50%) IOWA, USA (79%) UNITED STATES (79%); UNITED KINGDOM (50%)

LOAD-DATE: March 5, 2009

LANGUAGE: ENGLISH

PUBLICATION-TYPE: Papers

Copyright 2009 Associated Newspapers Ltd.
All Rights Reserved

Summary of Cartoon Violence makes children more aggressive Are children becoming more aggressive? According to the research done by U.S, psychologists found that boys and girls are greatly affected by the violence, and daily behaviors of not only cartoon characters, but shows such as Lost, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, American Idol, Scooby-Doo and Pokémon (Clark). The researchers found that the kids tend to mimic the negative behavior that was on the show or movie. This study also showed that the kids would display the negative behavior that they learned from television such as rolling their eyes, talking back, gossiping, and violent retaliation in the classroom. This kind of behavior is very dangerous, however it doesn’t necessarily affect everyone. Many of the individuals, who work in the television industry, know what they are putting out their millions of people to see. Many of these workers who are both behind and in front of the cameras do not let their own children watch many of the shows they are part of, because they know the negative effects of them. This kind of behavior defines Karl Marx’s’ Social Conflict theory that “individuals and groups (social classes) within society have differing amounts of material and non-material resources (the wealthy vs. the poor) and that the more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power” (dictionary.com). The individuals who work in the entertainment industry are the ones who act out the violence and out it out on display through various ways; movies, television shows, books, cartoons, and video games. They sell them to the public, and the public go out and pay for this violence to enter their own home, and have a very strong negative effect on their children. This violence learned by the children can lead to violence when they grow up, and can lead to either minor crimes like burglary, or to major crimes such as murder. However, why is it that the individuals who are the ones producing the information aren’t being affected by what they are doing, and aren’t letting it affect their families, but the people who are out in the public are. This can all be defined by the conflict theory. The individuals who work in the entertainment industry have seen the harms of what they are doing, and they don’t expose their own children to it. However, they exploit the public when they send out the informational violence into the public’s domain. The violence then has negative effects on the kids, but the entertainment industry doesn’t care, they still send it out there because they are the ones in control of the very impactful and rich industry, which is the entertainment industry. For this reason, proves why aggression in children is on the rise. It is because of what children are learning from their TV shows, cartoons, and movies. The children are exposed to it, sometimes not willingly, but subconsciously, and it greatly affecting the minds of our future generations. As my father always told me “the mind is a terrible thing to waste”. I was lucky enough to have a parent that prohibited me from watching very violent programs, so I was fortunate enough not to grow up with the ideas of violence, and hostility embedded in my behavior. The entertainment industry is having a great effect on the minds of our children today, form what used to be harmless but is now dangerous. TV shows, cartoons, and movies for kids used to be harmless fun and depicted the fantasy fun of life. However, nowadays, that is not the case. Violence as long as aggression is on the rise especially in America today. For this reason is why the entertainment industry needs to realize and change the content of the information they are releasing ever so lightly to the public domain.

Bibliography 1. Newspaper; Lexis Nexis. The Washington Times. Rebecca Hagelin. Special; Internet Pornography. Culture: How to save your family. April 27 2009. 2. Journal; Lexis Nexis. Alcoholism. B.J. Mason. Drug Week. November 7 2009. 3. Magazine; Cartoon violence makes children more aggressive. Laura Clark. March 6 2009. 4. Social Problems. James Henslin. 7th Edition. May 9, 2005

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...Lewis Article 3 Sociology 1103 Professor: Dr. Slade 05/04/2016 * APA Citation Norman, T., & Pauly, B. (2013). Including people who experience homelessness: A scoping review of the literature. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 33(3), 136-151. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443331311308203 * Problem Homelessness has been associated with isolation, marginalization and social exclusion. It is well understood that those impacted by homelessness often have fewer opportunities than the general population to participate in policy processes, especially in relation to decisions that affect them. Being homeless has many health and social consequences that affect an individual's life chances and opportunities for participation in decision-making over the life course. * Review of Literature Principles of inclusion in policy development have emerged in discourses on disability, the mental health consumer movement, and have begun to inform discussions of drug use. Without the voices and participation of those impacted by homelessness, there is a risk that important understandings essential to the development of effective solutions to homelessness will remain obscured. A search of peer reviewed and grey literature to generate recommendations for the development of guidelines for social inclusion of those impacted by homelessness as part of a community-based response to ending homelessness in effort to answer, how to foster social inclusion...

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The Effects of Social Media Marketing on Online Consumer Behaviour

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