...very involved in the Progressive Movement. The interpretation of the Progressive Movement has changed over time from the Gilded Age to a time of presidents working to put reforms into place; however, it does do justice to the issues of the late 1800s and early 1900s. The name of the Gilded Age comes from the idea of...
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...jesse perez 1.1 Converging Cultures Area 1 investigates how social orders in North America have changed over the long run and how European provinces created. A huge number of years before Christopher Columbus and other European wayfarers set foot in America, Native Americans started planting and raising products. When of Columbus started his voyages in the late fifteenth century, an extensive variety of developments and dialects existed in North America. When wayfarers discovered that Columbus had come to new grounds, other European investigations started to scan for new domain. New pioneers hoped to subjugated Africans to help ranch. The brutal treatment of the Africans was a sharp difference to the lives of the advantaged. While subjugated...
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...instead of just holding them as prisoners, and new prisons were called "reformatories" or "correctional facilities" for this reason. Eventually, prisons were just places for as many prisoners to be held possible. Because there were so many prisoners, it was chaotic, and guards had to use torture to keep them in line. Dorothea Dix was an extremely influential reformer of the 1800s. Her work led to prison reform and improved treatment of the insane. In 1843 Dix sent the following report to the Massachusetts legislature: “If I inflict pain upon you, and move you to horror, it is to acquaint you with the sufferings which you have the power to alleviate (cure), and to make you hasten to the relief of the victims of legalized barbarity.” Another reformer of the 1800s was Eliza Farnham. She was appointed prison matron of Sing Sing Prison in 1844. She believed strongly in prison reform, but faced a lot of obstacles. Previously, Sing Sing Prison had been the quintessential scary "House of Fear" under several wardens, most notably Elam Lynds. A new board of inspectors, helmed by John Worth Edmonds, wanted to reform the prison and ergo appointed Eliza Farnham, a well-known philanthropist, feminist, phrenologist, and author. Farnham removed the silence rule, added an educational program, and advocated such luxuries as decorations, recreational activities, and leisure activities. Eventually, Farnham angered John Luckey, a chaplain, and their...
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...of policing. Although policing seems ubiquitous today, formal public police services did not appear in the US until the late 1700s and 1800s. Prior to this period, policing efforts consisted of volunteer groups that were charged with a variety of responsibilities including: “social services, including lighting street lamps, running soup kitchens, recovering lost children, capturing runaway animals, and a variety of other services…” (Sagepub, 2014) As the country began to grow and populations increased during the 1700s, these watch groups were expanded to have daytime and nighttime groups. But as the country grew, problems such as riots and social unrest proved to be too much for these groups to handle. Watch groups were also highly ineffective at crime fighting and because they were comprised of volunteers, these groups were often irresponsible and remiss in their duties. “Policing in England and Colonial America was largely ineffective, as it was based on a volunteer system and their method of patrol was both disorganized and sporadic.5 Night watch groups in Colonial America, as well as day watch groups that were added at a later time, were largely ineffective; instead of controlling crime in their community, some members of the watch groups would sleep and/or socialize while they were on duty.11 (Sagepub, 2014):” During the late 1700’s and early 1800s, formal police departments were beginning to form (Sagepub, 2014). These were the first organized publically funded efforts...
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...The Jungle: A View of Industrial America The industrial revolution of the 1800s had a dramatic effect on economic and social life around the globe. The economics of industrialized nations shifted from agriculture to manufacture from rural to urban. Thanks to innovation and technology, energy production and manufacturing, factories produced a large quantity of new products at lower prices. Besides, urban areas swell to bolster new businesses. In the long run individuals were rushing to the developing urban areas searching for work and a superior life. But factory life did not live up to its promise. The workers had few rights, wages were low, hours were long, working conditions were regularly hazardous and unemployment or more terrible was constantly only a mishap away. Particularly, these harsh working conditions were common the turn of the 20th century. In 1906 Upton Sinclair published the...
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...History of Juvenile Justice System Roger King University of Mount Olive Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes CJC 310 Timothy Malfitano February 7, 2015 Abstract This paper will discuss the history of the juvenile justice system. I started this paper by looking at the history of the juvenile justice system, which showed how laws and legal measures involving juvenile offenders have an extensive history. There were no isolated courts or laws, and no services for juveniles, up till the 19th century, children who committed serious offenses were punished and restrained in prison the same way as adults. The changes in legislation rose the age at which individuals officially became adults. This change helped many juveniles escape the cruel treatment in the adult prisons. These changes were based on new understanding of the relationship between physical, mental maturity and acknowledgment. The American juvenile justice system has evolved over the past century with variation that embellished from the adult criminal justice process. The first juvenile's court was acknowledged in 1899, in Chicago, Illinois, and by1945, all states had juvenile courts. The juvenile crime rates particularly homicide rose during the 1980s and 1990s. Therefor the system faces a vast of questions about whether young offenders should be tried and sentenced in a different way than adult offenders (Lawrence & Hemmens, 2008, Chapter 1). The juvenile courts wanted to turn young felons into...
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...Hannah Ross February 27, 2017 APUSH DBQ In the beginning of the nineteenth century, Americans started to focus on the welfare of minority groups. Women’s suffrage, abolition, and asylum and prison reform became hot topics during the Second Great Awakening, a movement that took place in the early 1800s. The Second Great Awakening was headed by religious leaders who sought out changes in American society through uniting the American people (Doc. B). Due to the Second Great Awakening, reform movements were established between 1825 and 1850 to represent the changes American people sought for in the matters of slavery, suffrage, and asylum and prison reform. Nat Turner’s rebellion, occurring in 1831, changed dynamics of slavery in America....
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...During the early 1800s until the 1840s, America was in the midst of social turmoil. Women’s right advocators and abolitionists were sprouting throughout the country, ferociously demanding change to the social system that was intact for more than 100 years. Among those who demanded for emancipation and denounced the slavery system, Theodore Dwight Weld was well known for his impasse stance on slavery. Theodore Dwight Weld was a leading architect and participant of the American Abolitionist movement and was heralded the most prominent American antislavery crusader during the pre-Civil War period. (Britannica) Weld was born in Hampton Connecticut in November 23, 1803 as a son of a Congressional minister. Although his father entreated him to follow in his footsteps, Weld was forced to leave Phillips-Andover, a well-known ministry school at the time, due to his failing eyesight. He then joined Hamilton College in New York a few years later at his parents’ requests and was extremely influenced by evangelist Charles Grandison Finney, who conducted regular revivalist meetings near his school. In fact, Weld frequently toured with Finney and developed his oratory skills by...
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...held the belief that an offender needed to be punished for a crime the same way no matter what the age of the offender. This led to children being punished in the same manner as adults. Early court systems did not recognize that juvenile offenders had different needs and motives than adults (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). It is fair to say that this fact is erroneous in every aspect. This tradition continued into the mid-1800s. In England, for example, “some 160-200 capital offenses were listed in the statutes for which children could be executed.” (Bartollas & Miller, 2011, p. 5). This is an amazing statistic. Knowing that young children could be executed sheds some light on early court systems. In the mid-1800s, the thinking of the juvenile justice system began to change. In San Quentin Prison in the late-1800s, there was a rise in the number of students enrolled in the prison’s school (Justice, 2000). While this school was intended for the reform of juveniles, it did serve adults as well. This school illustrates that society in the late-1800s...
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...Social Darwinism The social theory or ideology of Social Darwinism, which was prominent during the late 1800s, was a source of both controversy and conflict in Victorian Society and other nations, where imperialists, capitalists and colonialists manipulated Social Darwinism to justify horrific acts of genocide and cultural destruction. Upon the publication of Darwin’s revolutionary theory of evolution, The Origin of Species, uproar was caused in Victorian Society at the notion that humans were related to apes, to animals, which was unthinkable at the time largely because it contravened prevailing religious beliefs. This upheaval was the very beginning of a new age of political thinking and sociological ideas. Society was very quickly divided into those who applied Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection to society and philosophy, and those who opposed the idea, maintaining that Darwin’s theories should not be applied to Homo sapiens…us and that these theories contradicted the most fundamental of moral beliefs and principles. Hence, Social Darwinism was born in all its controversy. However, despite the controversial nature of Darwin’s theories, science and its trends were held in high esteem in Victorian England. Through this, fraudulent governments and individuals motivated by greed for wealth and power were able to justify their actions by manipulating Social Darwinism to fit their purpose, claiming that if science said so, then it must be so. However, Social Darwinism was...
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...During the late 1800s, the Napoleonic code was a state law that was the base foundation in terms of a marriage contract and how legal affairs would play out. The Napoleonic Code stated that the husband had full authority over his wife and her wealth because the husband would obtain both his and wife’s assets while administering the joint estate regardless of the wife’s say in the matter. Such a power struggle is seen in Edna’s marriage as she breaks free from her husband’s demanding demeanor who expects her to be submissive. Also during the that, women started to hold protests and create groups who created campaigns to further the social reforms that focused on creating more rights for women. One such way was to advertise ideas through...
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...This is because they thought God did have an important role in everyday life, he was no concerned with church attendance and that the final judgment would be how he or she lived his or her life on earth. After Charles Finney came, church attendance went up and also started the temperance movement. The Temperance Movement was a movement to stop the drinking of alcohol, which was very common in the late 1800’s. By 1830’s, there were more over 6,000 temperance groups. Woman also supported these groups due to the fact that their husbands were spending all the money on alcohol and not enough for the...
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...Gonzalez 1 Rachel Gonzalez AP U.S. History Mr. Cranston 20 March 2015 Chapters 12 and 13 Essay Assignment Major themes of history evolve as time progresses. From the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, massive shifts occur. Regarding work, exchange, and technology; America in the World; politics and power; as well as ideas, beliefs, and culture, the evolution between the centuries have changed the significant themes throughout the United States. Work, exchange, and technology play a huge role in Americans lives throughout each century. People rarely used money; services and products were paid for mostly through trades and barters. Home and work were not separated; they were the same place. Nobody stuck to a schedule; things were done as needed. Skills were acquired through apprenticeship. An apprenticeship lasted from three to seven years. Apprentices lived with their masters during this time period, while trading knowledge for labor. However, women were not allowed to have such apprenticeships. Women gained knowledge of domestic skills through their mother, as it was assumed that the women would marry. Some women would work respectably as: servants, laundresses, seamstresses, cooks, and food vendors—or not respected as prostitutes. Men directed the lives of family members and apprentices: deciding occupations for sons, marriages for daughters, etc. Women (the wives) were responsible for: food, clothing...
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...home construction practices to include three basic features. A zero step entrance to the home with access to the driveway or public sidewalk, at least 31 ¾ inch doorways, and at least a half bath on the ground floor of multi-tiered homes. Similar to Universal Design but more focused on social reform intent. Accessibility Easily approached or entered. Providing access. Disability inability to pursue an occupation because of a physical or mental impairment or a program providing financial support to one affected by disability Inclusion the act or practice of including students with disabilities in regular school classes also a relation between two classes that exists when all members of the first are also members of the second — compare Deinstitutionalization the release of institutionalized individuals from institutional care to care in the community also the reform or modification of an institution to remove or disguise its institutional character Special education classes or instruction designed for students with special educational needs Part II Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Employment Concerns 2. Limited or Inadequate retirement resources 3. Social Security Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words...
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...King US Hist 102 Tuesday Night Class Paper #1 October 1st, 2013 Childhood Prior to the 1920’s, children were commonly abused, not cared for, and even left to die. This had to do with the situation their parents were in, as well as their perspective on childhood in general. The concept of childhood used to be very different than ours generally is today, as death rates were high, family size was large, children were commonly abused, and children were often employed, working in horrible conditions. As the circumstances of children were brought to the public’s attention, reform was soon achieved. This is greatly owed to the “muckrakers,” who were the writers that detailed these conditions to the attention of the public. The overall quality of life of children was greatly improved through reform, and a new definition of childhood was brought with it. Children lived in horrifying conditions before reform was achieved in the early 20th century. They often worked in coalmines or sweatshops for up to twenty hours a day. This helps understand the perspectives of the people living at this time, towards children, as the children weren’t too different from adults, earning wages by spending their days working. In some cases, children worked for weeks in factories without receiving any pay. They did this for the hope of receiving employment after the weeks in which they worked for free. However, employers were well aware of this and often took advantage of the children by either not...
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