...the development of the innovation process in the course of the years and the importance of SMEs for the same is made. Turn reference to the relevance of the innovation process presented in the marketing strategy of companies to succeed in an increasingly dynamic, demanding and competitive market is. The article also different classifications of innovation are explained according to their degree of implementation, degree origin effect of innovation and its origin, as well as generations or models that have characterized the process of innovation over time. Key words: Innovation, Marketing, Management INTRODUCTION. In an era of globalization and high competitiveness of products, as it is in the changing world of marketing you need to be alert to the demands and expectations of the market, it is vitally important innovation factor. Competitiveness and the need to innovate to continue and grow in the current and future market are concepts used daily in many institutions. The marketing of innovation is a novel approach to technology management to solve the problem of linking research, technological development and the world of new business efficiently. Innovation and marketing are, in competitive markets today, two fundamental tools for business differentiation. Two tools capable of supporting a company as a market leader. The work has the overall aim to deepen the theoretical foundations of the innovation process. The specific objectives were outlined as follows: 1...
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...and if enterprises are to maintain their competitiveness in a knowledge-based global economy. However, identifying and developing skills and competencies for next generation employability in Ireland is a challenging task. The Programme for University Industry Interface (PUII) is an action research project, established in 2003, to determine the skills and competencies required by Irish Industry and to develop learning models that will facilitate their delivery. This paper presents the outcomes of an action research methodology based on a Community of Practice model (COP), which addressed the issues surrounding competencies for next generation employability. It proposes a competency framework which integrates the four key categories of skills: Business, Technical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and presents a set of recommendations for individuals, employers and higher education institutions. Introduction The Programme for University Industry Interface (PUII) is an action research project, established at the University of Limerick in 2003 to determine the next generation skills and competencies required by Irish Industry, and to develop learning models that will facilitate their delivery. PUII...
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...and Henry Perry. Section A Historical Perspectives My Narrative Henry Perry - MPH and graduate student at Hopkins, 1970s - - - - - - - Training in general surgery, 1970s Visit to Hospital Albert Schweitzer, 1979 Field experience in Bolivia, 1980s Surgical practice, NGO leadership and HQ field support, 1980s Work in Bangladesh, 1990s Work in Haiti, 2000s Work with Future Generations and Taylor family, 2000s 3 John B. Grant Father of primary health care (PHC) and of Jim Grant J.B. Grant with the 2nd District, Department of Public Health of Peking, China, in 1933 4 The “Bible” of Primary Health Care Links the community to health systems, development more broadly, and training and research 1963 5 John Grant, 1934 “Socioeconomic progress depends chiefly upon the actual demonstration of feasibility and worth. Second, demonstrations, to be successful, must make use of technical methods which are scientifically efficient and economically practical. Third, and most important, successful demonstration of methods in any social field is dependent upon horizontal integration with other fields rather than separate, single purpose developments” —Quoted in Seipp, (1963). p. 10. 6 Ding Xian, 1930s 100 miles from Beijing First example of primary health care Jimmy Yen, John Grant, and CC Chen Conducted surveys to identify health problems Trained “farmer scholars” to record vital events, vaccinate against smallpox...
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...ANS 2 The Morgenthau Plan, first proposed by United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr. in a memorandum entitled Suggested Post-Surrender Program for Germany, advocated that the Allied occupation ofGermany following World War II include measures to eliminate Germany's ability to wage war by eliminating its armament industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries basic to military strength. This included the removal or destruction of all industrial plants and equipment in the Ruhr area.[1] In occupied Germany, the thinking behind the Morgenthau plan was at first reflected in the U.S. occupation directiveJCS 1067[2][3] and in the Allied Industrial plans for Germany aimed at "industrial disarmament".[3] Compared with the Morgenthau Plan, however, JCS 1067 contained a number of deliberate "loopholes", limiting any action to short-term military measures and preventing large-scale destruction of mines and industrial plant, giving wide-ranging discretion to the military governor and Morgenthau's opponents at the War Department.[4][5] JCS 1067 was later replaced by JCS 1779, which aimed at restoring a "stable and productive Germany" and was soon followed by the Marshall Plan.[4][6] The contemporary historical assessment is that the Morgenthau Plan was of no significance for later occupation and policy in Germany, but that Nazi propaganda on the subject had a lasting effect and that it is still used for propaganda purposes by extreme right-wing organizations...
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...Interview with a Change Agent Interviewee: Khalid Soussou, Data Security Systems In December 1992, Emirates Information Systems (EIS) completed the implementation phase of a strategic re-orientation change process, led by a new General Manager, Khalid Soussou. The outcome of the change process was a radical restructuring of the organisation involving 80% of the workforce being made redundant, a 90% change in the senior management team, and the outsourcing of the entire transportation department. Rather than being instigated in reaction to a contemporaneous event, the change was instigated because the CEO recognised that EIS’s previous growth strategy via acquisition was not sustainable, and believed significant organisational change in anticipation of increased international competition would help create a sustainable competitive advantage. Soussou’s appointment resulted directly from the CEO’s felt need for change. Soussou was essentially ‘contracted’ to review the business in order to develop and implement appropriate changes that would re-align EIS along more efficient and effective business prinicples. Consequently, the CEO became the ‘patron’ of change, and Soussou the key change agent. After a month of informal interviews with managers and employees, Soussou’s initial impressions of EIS were that they were a ‘cottage industry that achieved success through luck rather than design’. He believed the majority...
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...of the two perpendicular ovals inside the larger oval represents the mutually beneficial relationship and the trust that is places between the customer and the company while the larger oval that surrounds both of these inner ovals represents the “global expansion of Toyotas technology and unlimited potential of the future”. Toyota has grown to a successful and large multinational corporation from the beginning of their entrance in the market and until it still remains the same after expanded to different and almost all parts of the world in countries such as Brazil, Turkey, Indonesia, Egypt, etc and became the world’s largest automobile maker for the year 2008.Interesting enough it managed to hold the title of the most profitable automobile maker along with increasing in sales (US $ 11 billion in 2006). Toyota Motor Corporation includes brand names such as Toyota (including the Scion brand), Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino Motors along with several "non-automotive" companies. But also Toyota officially lists approximately 70 different models sold under its namesake brand including sedans, coupes, vans, trucks, hybrid and crossovers. The production system of Toyota operates under five major principles, the...
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...THE BRITISH COMPUTER SOCIETY Case Study of Successful Complex IT Projects AUGUST 2006 Case Study of Successful, Complex IT Projects Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................3 Introduction....................................................................................................................5 Background to the study ............................................................................................5 The complexity of IT projects....................................................................................6 Part I: Research Methodology .....................................................................................11 Part II: Case Description..............................................................................................14 eCourier company background ................................................................................14 eCourier industry background..................................................................................16 eCourier technological issues ..................................................................................16 LogicaCMG company background..........................................................................17 LogicaCMG industry background ...........................................................................18 LogicaCMG technological issues ...............................
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...Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2009 A Conceptual and Operational Definition of ‘Social Role’ in Online Community Eric Gleave University of Washington egleave@u.washington.edu Howard T. Welser Ohio University welser@ohio.edu Abstract Both online and off, people frequently perform particular social roles. These roles organize behavior and give structure to positions in local networks. As more of social life becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context,...
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...Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2009 A Conceptual and Operational Definition of ‘Social Role’ in Online Community Eric Gleave University of Washington egleave@u.washington.edu Howard T. Welser Ohio University welser@ohio.edu Abstract Both online and off, people frequently perform particular social roles. These roles organize behavior and give structure to positions in local networks. As more of social life becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context,...
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...strand of the research focuses on centralization/decentralization to answer questions about what responsibilities within education systems (such as recruitment of teachers, control of budgets, design of curricula) are most appropriately located at national, provincial, district and/or school levels in countries of different sizes and cultures. The research also takes into consideration the distribution of responsibilities within particular levels, e.g. at the national level between national ministries of basic education, higher education, finance, planning, etc. A second strand focuses on management of skills development and training. Expansion of opportunities for young people who have completed basic education does not imply exclusive attention to traditional models of formal education. Attention is given to alternative models and to non-formal modes which can serve out-of-school youths. Learners in modes of post-basic education pay attention to the demands of the labour market. This requires examination of the types of skills offered by different modes of training for both in-school and out-of-school youth. Systems of higher education also require attention. The issues of governance include mechanisms for governments to achieve appropriate accountability and coherence even in societies which grant high degrees of autonomy to higher education systems. Planning and management are...
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...Technical-rational approaches to organisation (see Brooks, 2006 or 2009) are of little use to managers. The aim of this essay is to examine and discuss the different approaches to organisation such as Technical-rational approach. Evaluate the idealists and theories behind the approaches and to compare how effective they are in management and in today’s business environment. Managers use different perspectives in organisational management to maximise their workforce, to achieve business goals. Each approach is developed by a series of academics and researchers as a result of studying and understanding organisations. The technical-rational approach is a conception of the business enterprise as a mechanism for coordinating economic inputs and activities, and of the manager as a morally neutral technician engaged in a world of purely rational problem solving in the pursuit of efficiency (John et al, 2006). Principles were designed to be universally applicable and based on rational, ordered technical arrangements (Brooks, 2009). Organisations were viewed as machines and humans ‘as mere cogs within them’ (Graley, 2012). Bureaucracy, Classical school (Of Thought) and scientific management are divisions of a technical approach. Bureaucracy was founded by Max Weber a German philosopher who reported that (Brooks, 2009) people in organisations have their own well defined tasks and responsibilities. Organisations contain hierarchical structures with each developing their own rules...
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...Norwegian company, primarily established to inspect and evaluate the technical condition of Norwegian merchant vessels, the company over the years have diversified into various sectors with the main purpose still intact. All parts of the question are covered in total in the various sections below. Organisational Structure & Culture:- The company’s organizational structure in brief can be glimpsed in Appendix 1- DNV.ppt [2]. For the purpose of assignment, one business unit of DNV will be under the “microscope” – Maritime more specifically the business unit called Maritime Services. The organizational structure for the same can be seen in Appendix 2 – Organizational Chart.ppt. Since the organization is fairly large and the scope of the assignment is limited, Maritime Services is the chosen domain. However, the various HR related practices extends to all parts of the organization as the HRM function is common to all business units with minor variations for some of the business untis. The company has a strong culture [3] where all members of the organization hold clear organizational values. Keeping in tune with the changing business landscape, the company is well equipped to react and adapt to the new market conditions. This is seen by how the employees have adapted to the present reorganization. To some extend DNV has been successful in injecting flexibility into the roles employees play in teams and in getting people to adopt a wider range of skills [4] to suit the present market...
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...PATTIES FOOD LTD Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO STRATEGY AND LEADERSHIP Key questions Concepts/Models/approaches that can be used to answer the key questions: Applicability / Case facts support What are the forces behind globalisation Competitive forces 4&20 products to US and halal for Asia Technological forces Social forces AFL Sponsorship Political forces What are the challenges and benefits of globalisation Challenges (competition, distribution, macro-economic, socio-economic, financial, legal, physical, political, socio-cultural, labour, globalisation of Risk) Benefits (cost, timing, learning, arbitrage) What are the ways strategy can be developed? Processual Rational Seems to fit in this situation Evolutionary Systemic Family members on the board could influence cultural values etc. Fuzzy What’s included in a strategy development process and strategic planning? Defining organisational purpose (Where are we going?) External and internal environment analyses (What is the gap between where we are now and where we want to be?) Formulating and implementing strategy(How do we get there? And what are the financial aspects of value creation?) What are the three levels of strategy? Corporate Strategy Framework Business Functional What kinds of leadership style and approaches are there? Situational Transformational Transactional How does ethics and corporate social responsibility influence strategy? The classical view The socio-economic...
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...efficiency) • The high cost of marketing • Unpredictability of consumer demands (due to high income, wide range of choices available, and shifting taste) Grinnel & Apple five general indications that a new organizational form is necessary, not adequate for managing projects • Management is satisfied with technical skills, but projects are not meeting time, cost and other project requirements • High commitment to getting project work done, but great fluctuations in how well performance specifications are met • Highly talented specialists involved in the project feel exploited and misused • Particular technical groups or individuals constantly blame each other for failure to meet specifications or delivery dates • Projects are on time and to specifications, but groups and individuals aren’t satisfied with the achievement Management looks externally (to the environment) rather than internally for solution to problems. Organizational changes are composed of both human and nonhuman resources, then social system is represented by the organization’s personnel and their group behavior. Social system is represented by the organization’s personnel and their group behavior Technical system includes the technology, materials, and...
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...motivation of people who commit crimes (incarceration/accountability and punishment), and altering people’s fundamental values (psychological manipulations and presentment)—including nurturing positive values in young children—to minimize the likelihood of future criminal behavior in its system Technological advances will also have a great influence on crime fighting. future strategies reported that they are deploying a wide variety of technological advances to improve services, and in some cases to save money. innovative strategies for incorporating technology into crime fighting strategies, the most common responses were through social media, cameras connected to Traffic, Bus, Rail, Toll booths, Public works Housing authorities, Schools, Private business districts, Private businesses, Private security, mapping and hotspots, and license plate readers. Developments in surveillance, biometrics, DNA analysis, and radio frequency identification microchips will enhance crime prevention and crime solving. Increasingly sophisticated intelligence databases will likely be used not only by police officers and analysts, but by the general public—as is now common with sex offender registries. Many public safety agencies are working to establish Next Generation 911 (NG 911) capabilities that will better serve today’s wireless society. 911 systems that are capable of receiving text messages, photographs, and videos will be more useful for public safety purposes. The future will also...
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