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Social or Political Issues Commented on by Artist Through Different Centuries

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Social or Political Issues Commented on by artist through Different Centuries

Lorenzo Garcia

Art 100
Professor Morris
25 July 2014
Napoleon Bonaparte once said “a picture is worth a thousand words” (Kirov). Words may not be enough to communicate a thought or feeling on a current political or social issue. Artist use art to give words a physical form. A well-crafted masterpiece may have a profound effect that communicates to observers on how the artist feels about a prevailing concern. Throughout the centuries, often artist have used art to produce a personal statement which sheds light on their thoughts of social or political issues faced during their time. Through the work of art, social or political issues may be commented on by artist, creating a voice to be heard by those who observe their art work.
Born on August 6th, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Andy Warhol became a central figure in the Pop (Popular) Art Movement. His original name was Andrew Warhola, and was born to a middle class Slovakian family, whose father was a construction worker and his mother was an embroiderer. At a young age Andy contracted chorea that that left him in bed for several months. It was during this time Andy learned about art and photography became a pastime where he could lose himself in.
With his father passing and making his last decree that Andy go to college to pursue his dreams as an artist with his life savings, Andy attended Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1945 for pictorial design. After earning his degree he moved to New York to work for Glamour Magazine. Towards the end of the 50’s Andy created which is now known as “Pop Art”. Pop art was basically mass produced paintings of commercial goods. It was here that led Andy to his work entitled “Flash–November 22, 1963”.
In 1968 Andy’s produced yet another Pop Art piece, this one on the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The work had 12 panels total that depicted the continuing media spectacle surrounding JFK’s assassination. Warhol’s work includes print silkscreens arranged in a fragmented narrative comprised of disjointed snapshots spanning events from the Kennedy campaign to Lee Harvey Oswald capture. The motifs mimic the media frenzy surrounding the events and the Kennedy presidency in general (Moorhead 92). The aesthetic behind Andy’s work was to express both tragedy and fame from which the media produces.
Andy’s Flash series was successful in that his voice was media forms our emotional response through images portrayed. Even now years past the tragic death of John F. Kennedy, the media has a large role in how we feel about current issues that take part in our everyday life. The media will base their viewing on what sells rather than the entire story, if the story is even great enough to produce ratings. Where Andy’s work fails is in that it never changed the way media does business. It also did not make the people stand up and demand a change. Now celebrities continue to live a life of fame and tragedy, at least that is what we see through media.
In April 26, 1798, Eugene Delacroix was born in France. Delacroix became an apprentice of Baron Pierre-Narcisse Guerin at the age of 17. At the age of 24, Delacroix was taken under the tutelage of Adolph Theirs. Beginning his work in 1822, Delacroix, created his first painting entitled “The Barque of Dante”. Delcacroix became known as a “master of color” (www.artble.com), and was recognized for his style called Romanticism. Romanticism emphasizes the individual sense of self, creativity, imagination, and the value of art to make a statement (www.artble.com). Delacroix made a statement with his painting entitled “Liberty Leading the People” in 1830.
The French revolution took place between 1789 and ended in the late 1790’s. During this time republicans were enraged with Charles X and led to his eventual overthrow of his crown. Paying tribute to his country, Delacroix used his talents in painting “Liberty Leading the People”. Delacroix lived up to his name master of color in his artwork. A woman known as Liberty painted holding the French flag high. The people of France uniting behind her as she leads the revolt. In their defeat, government troops lie dead on the floor beneath Liberty and her people in the midst of a cloudy/smoky sky from the battle. Delacroix words were painted in form of a painting strongly supporting the revolution. I feel that Delacroix went above and beyond in producing recognition. First the French government bought Delacroix’s art work to display in the walls of the new ruler, Louis-Phillipe the citizen king. Although the king returned the painting back to Delacroix, it was not the end of his recognition. The painting found fame once again in 1863 after being permanently displayed for the public. More so than just public recognition, Liberty Leading the People symbolism behind the woman being Lady Liberty grew into an international meaning of freedom and democracy. France shared its symbolic meaning of Lady Liberty with the United States in 1886. The Statute of Liberty was given as a present of friendship between the two countries. In this Delacroix painting grew in recognition far beyond his original voice drawn on a canvass.
As the fifth child to Richard Hogarth and Ann Gibbons, a poor middle class family, William Hogarth was born in 1697. After his father was arrested for debt, William became an engraver apprentice to Ellis Gamble in 1713. In 1720 William had his own business which led him to Sir James Thornhill. Sir James Thornhill operated the Academy of art in London’s Covenant Garden, which William attended regularly. It is at the Academy of art where William received his first training in art and began his art career.
At the time the Rococo style was popular and William used the style in his paintings. Through his work, William would eventually become known as the “father of satirical caricatures and moral paintings” (www.artble.com). Due to his middle class upbringing and seeing the harder side of life, his art work brought gritty realism to the canvass. “As William became a prominent figure in the London art scene he was influenced by a number of things. These included politics, art, literature and the theatre” (www.artble.com). During the 1730’s gin became a social issue in London. Gin started as a medicine but then grew to be known as the poor man’s drink (Mother’s Ruin). Those that could not afford brandy or wine took to gin. However it was found out that gin had a medical side effect on men and women and the average Londoner was drinking 14 gallons of spirit a year. The government made a proposal to enact an anti-gin act. William was recruited by a friend to draw paintings that promoted limiting the sales of spirits.
William responded with his painting entitled “Beer Street and Gin Lane”. His painting depicted the ill effects of drinking in high quantities of gin as opposed to beer. In his painting the people of London celebrate the king’s birthday on two roads; Beer Street, and Gin Lane. On Beer Street drinkers appear happy and healthy while business is booming. On Gin Lane drinkers appear almost skeletal and disheveled while the street itself is in need of repair. People are looking to pawn items so they can buy more gin (www.artble.com). William’s message was made clear that gin is bad and beer was a healthier alternative.
I feel Hogarth did inspire some change through his anti-gin painting. Drinking can never be fully stopped as we learned the same to be true with the Prohibition era. The Anti-Gin act in London was passed, which initially did not stop drinking, yet was a valid attempt to curb it. Eventually Parliament was able to enact an Act that helped cure the ill effects of over drinking Gin. William also started somewhat of a change in advertising how a substance can be bad for human consumption. The U.S. uses this today in anti-smoking and anti-drinking advertisements today. William was one of the first to use the method in advertisement. As we look at art from the past and present, many artist use their paintings as an avenue to express their thoughts on a social or political issue. Whether it be on politics, liquor consumption, or the media, artist have a voice on the issue. As an observer one must think about the issue at the time, how it affected the artist and the people during the time, and what the artist is expressing throughout their masterpiece. What someone can say in a journal full of words, an artist can say in a colorful painting. It is up to the observer to interpret the message.

Resources
"Andrew Warhola." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 2014. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.biography.com/people/andy-warhol-9523875
"Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People." Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People. N.p., n.d. Web. Retrieved from: https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/la/delacroix.html
"Eugene Delacroix." Artble: The Home of Passionate Art Lovers. N.p., n.d. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.artble.com/artists/eugene_delacroix
Getlein, Mark. Living with Art. 10th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill, 2013. Print.
Kirov, Blago. Napoleon Bonaparte: Quotes & Facts. BookRix, 2014.
Moorhead, Jasmine, ed. Pop impressions Europe/USA: prints and multiples from the Museum of Modern Art. The Museum of Modern Art, 1999
"Mother's Ruin." Gin, Also Known as Mothers Ruin. N.p., n.d. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Mothers-Ruin/
"Romanticism in France Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People." France: Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People. N.p., n.d. Web. Retrieved from: http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/romanticism-in-france.html
"Telfair Museums." Warhol/JFK: November 22, 1963 A Selection of Andy Warhol Prints from the Herbert Brito Collection –. N.p., n.d. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.telfair.org/warholjfk-november-22-1963-a-selection-of-andy-warhol-prints-from-the-herbert-brito-collection/
United States. National Park Service. "Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)." National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, 30 June 2014. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm
"William Hogarth." Artble: The Home of Passionate Art Lovers. N.p., n.d. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.artble.com/artists/william_hogarth

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