...There are two main types of Socialisation. There is Primary socialisation e.g. Family. Primary socialisation is the first type of socialisation you will come across. With primary socialisation you know that there are often a lot more barriers to do with behaviour and language. There is also secondary socialisation e.g. Friends. Secondary socialisation is socialisation of which you gain outside of your family; you often act differently in secondary socialisation. In secondary socialisation you will often find that you feel ‘free’ and that you can have more fun and do things that you would often be unable to do. This is because you know from a very young age that there are a lot of barriers in your source of primary socialisation. A good example for this would be swearing; when you are in your primary social group this is often frowned upon, whereas when you are with your secondary social group it is often the norm. Three identified Socio-Economic Factors are: Education, Money/Income and Housing. In infancy education is very important for intellectual development. Education is important through all life stages. It is a known fact that if you have a better education, and attended a well known private school you are more likely to get a well paid job. This is because private schools are known to have smaller classes, so teachers are able to help students better. This could also mean that you have a better general knowledge as you can also learn from friends. It is also known that...
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...Everyday people are affected by socialization and culture. One way or another, socialization and culture play an important role in people’s lives. By definition, “socialization is the process whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate for members of a particular culture.” Although we may not realize it, socialization helps us develop the way in which we as people develop perceptions, feelings, and beliefs. Socialization makes us who we are. Socialization is accomplished by many different variables; two in particular are their environment and their parents. A person’s environment plays a heavy role in socialization. Naturally, people adapt to their surroundings, this makes environment a key contributor to socialization. For example, a child was raised in an environment where there were no cars, skyscrapers, traffic lights, etc.; growing-up the child never really interacts with anyone other than their immediate family. If this child were put into a city environment for the first time, he or she wouldn’t be able to handle or even comprehend what was going on. Social roles and groups divide people into groups of people with similar social understandings. Social roles and groups are formed from more than just sororities and fraternities, social roles and groups exist in every company, government, and even countries. There are five main types of social groups: primary, secondary, in-group, out-group, and reference groups. Primary groups are usually small...
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...Socialization is a process whereby individuals are made aware of behaviors that are expected of them with regards to the norms, beliefs, attitudes, and values of the society in which they live. Socialization helps the individual face the realities of life, through the appreciation of their culture practices. The agencies of socialization are the social institutions that pass on to the people these norms, values, beliefs, and attitudes. There are several agencies of socialization which are developmental: anticipatory, resocialization, reverse, primary, and secondary socialization. However, the main agencies are those regarding primary socialization, which is the process where people learn attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. Secondary socialization agencies are important too. These agencies are responsible for the processes in where individuals learn appropriate behaviors as members of a smaller group within the larger society. Under the primary agencies are the family, peer groups, and opinion leaders. The family is the most integral part of every individual's upbringing, thus one of the most important agencies of socialization. The family has the power to influence an individual's self-concepts, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors. Peer groups are made up of people with similar ages and statuses in society. This group also sets the norms and values by which the individual must abide. Under the secondary...
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...Socialisation of children * Begins at birth and continues throughout life * Involves mixing with others, conforming to the norms of groups/community * Promotes physical, intellectual, social, cultural, emotional and spiritual development, and communication skills. * Development most intense in childhood basic skills and appropriate behaviour are learnt here Definition * Defines socialisation as ‘a development process by which individuals learn and become aware of the patterns of behaviour expected as a member of society * Through socialisation, individuals become familiar with the norms and values of their society * There are many determinants of individual (children) socialisation: * Observing behaviour of others * Imitating actions of family, teachers and peers * Interacting with others * Developing the acceptable manners, habits, attitudes and skills of society * Having positive behaviour being encouraged * Having negative behaviour being inappropriate Primary and secondary socialisation * Two types of socialisation: * Primary – (infancy) * Comes from contact with family * Building relationships from family who offer warmth, food and attention * Family usually have the most powerful and long-lasting influence * Secondary (Out of infancy) * Occurs at kindergarten, school, and sporting groups * Occurs...
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...Employee Socialisation Introduction Organisations are facing a major challenge when they consider the increasing difficulty of finding skilled people. The South African labour market has undergone a transformation since 1994, with an emphasis being placed on strategies that eliminate the labour inequalities of the past and improve general working conditions for all South Africans. HR executives state the single greatest challenge they have in managing the workforce is their organisation's inability to recruit and retain good employees and managers. The South African labour market is characterised by an oversupply of unskilled workers and a shortage of skilled ones. High population growth constantly exceeds the growth in employment demands. This is compounded by the consistent loss of jobs in the formal sector, as the country’s economy moves away from labour-intensive to capital-intensive operations. The following factors contribute heavily on obtaining skilled management in South Africa, ♦ Historical reasons – South Africa’s apartheid-based economy contributed to shortages of skills as a whole host of developmental activities were restricted and access to highly specialised skills were reserved for a few; ♦ Education and Training & the Labour Market - Poor articulation between the skills acquisition in institutions of higher learning and the HRD needs of the public service ♦ Globalisation – South Africa is negatively affected by skills flight...
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...UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE MORGAN ZINTEC COLLEGE NAME : NZOMBE BRUCE COLLEGE NO : 40/131/11 SUBJECT : THEORY OF EDUCATION LECTURER : MR MUPONDI DUE DATE : NOVEMBER 2013 QUESTION: What is socialization? How can schools, mass media and the peer group socialize the child? Children are socialized in different ways as they grow. They learn and adopt ways of life from different sources like the schools, clubs, and peers to name just a few. Here the writer is going to explain how schools, mass media and peer groups socialize the child. He is also going to define socialization before he goes deeper with the explanation. Giddens (2001:26) defines socialization as “The process by which children or other new members of society, learn the way of life of their society” Gwirayi (2010:14) says, “Socialization is that process through which an individual becomes an acceptable member of his or her society by acquiring those norms, values and beliefs that are considered desirable in that society”. Haralambos and Holborn (2004) takes socialization The process by which people are discouraged from carrying out badly functions in public such as defecation come to be seen as something which should not be discussed or performed in view or sound of others. The writer, with reference to the above authors’ views sees socialization as a process by which pupils or individuals learn a culture acceptable to a society in which they dwell. ...
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...Socialisation process in Nursing The process by which we acquire the culture of the society into which we are born- the process by which we acquire our social characteristics and learn the ways of thought and behaviour considered appropriate in our society is called socialisation. (Bilton, 1987) Socialization is a lifelong process that begins with learning the norms and roles of the family and subculture, and making self-concept. Norm – specific guideline for actions – a rule that says how people should behave in certain circumstances (Duffy, 2013) As individuals grow older and join new groups and assume new roles, they learn new norms and redefine their self-concept (Brinkerhoff et al, 2007) From the psychological and sociological perspective, the concept of socialization has been defined as a state in which an individual is accommodated within a particular cultural group (Ryynänen, 2001). According to Davis (1968), professional socialization of student nurses was introduced in the literature as early as 1958 (Tradewell, 1996). Professional socialization is a critical aspect of nursing students' development, which begins with entry into the nursing program and continues with entry into the workforce (Chitty, 2005) There is many definitions of the socialisation process in nursing however they all mainly say that it is the development of a professional identity through the acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, values, norms, and ethical standards in order to...
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...Humans, like other mammals, are helpless at birth. The newborn infant is highly dependent upon others for mere physical survival. If left alone, the infant would soon die of thirst, hunger, heat, or cold. To put it simply, the human infant lacks those instincts, or unlearned forms of behavior, that in other species serve to exist. Unlike newly hatched fish or ducks, which are capable of providing for their own needs in their new environments, the human infant is highly dependent upon others for satisfaction of basic human needs. Human young, born with an incomplete nervous system and having a long maturation period, will not survive unless adults feed them, protect them from the environment, and provide constant care. Socialization is a very important process that will mostly define a child’s acceptance and good relationship with things within the environment. Good socialization skills are developed when humans are exposed to as many things as possible. The more events that a child encounters and has positive reactions to, the better response he/she will have when these events are repeated throughout the course of life. It is important that you make the socialization process as entertaining and rewarding as you possibly can. This means that during this process, your infant will need to accept being handled and being touched by other humans so that she will not fear strangers (healthcare providers, or people whom they are introduced to.) This will prove beneficial when you...
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...SANDRA CAHALAN Hillside House, Ballinamuck, Co. Longford Tel: 043 332 4523 Mob: 086 243 6208 Email: info@hillsidesc.com PERSONAL PROFILE Enthusiastic, creative and resourceful Supervisor/Manager in the hospitality, retail and beauty sectors. Strong interpersonal and listening skills with an empathetic, caring nature and the life experience to relate well to individuals at all levels. Capable of illustrating honesty and reliability in a professional manner with the ability to deliver high standards of customer service and excellent time management. Seeks a new challenge on a full or part time basis where existing versatile experience can be fully utilised and enhanced. KEY STRENGTHS • Excellent customer service experience together with strong interpersonal skills • Highly organised with good time management expertise • Ability to calmly bring about amicable resolutions in difficult and antagonistic situations • Flexible approach and genuinely quick to adapt to new systems, procedures and environments • Proficient in Microsoft Office • Full Clean Driving Licence EMPLOYMENT HISTORY 2009-May 2011 Glamour Boutique, Drumlish, Co. Longford Owner/Manager • Researched market and found gap for women’s clothes in larger sizes • Sourced premises and designed shop layout • Visited trade shows and negotiated with suppliers 2005-2008 The Hibernian Hotel, Abbeyleix, Co. Laois Manager • Managed a staff of 9 in this...
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...Socialization, it's a concepts that many people aren't consciously aware of, yet it is experienced every day in many different aspects of life. Ones manners, people skills, and the like are all a result of ones socialization. Even pets are now socialized in order to better prepare them to interact with other animals when walking in the city or the park. So why then is socialization such a strange and foreign concept to parents? To put it simply, children should being socialization at a young age to prepare them to interact with other children and adults as they grow. Socialization alone can move a child from having a dramatic experience when being left with a care giver to a more pleasant one. Not only does the child benefit from this, but the parents do as well. Often parents feel that since their child does not react well to other that they are confined to home without a night out or a play date with another family. This simply is not true. A child can and should become acquainted with other children, extended family (if possible), and eventually a care giver or baby sitter. This can soften the blow to the child and parents when the later must leave for work, a leisurely night out, or a to run errands. So, what is socialization exactly? Psychology books point out that child socialization is the introduction of new people, places, and things into the child's repertoire of daily life. Instead of staying at home everyday and playing with your child alone, it is important to...
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...Political Socialization Political socialization is the process by which political culture is transmitted in a given society. It occurs at both the individual and community level, and it extends beyond the acquisition of political culture to encompass the learning of more sophisticated political ideas and orientations. Political socialization is a life long process and a variety of individuals and institutions contribute to its shaping effect. For example, individuals are politically socialized by such groups as their family, peers, and social class. Furthermore, they are socialized by existing laws, media, religion, education, their own gender, and more. Basically, the process is never ending and the factors which shape it are all encompassing. Those groups and institutions which contribute to the process of political socialization are known as the agents of socialization. These sources affect the development of political values and attitudes differently, but they all contribute to the individual's understanding of and orientations toward politics. The primary agents of socialization are those that directly develop specific political orientations such as the family. Whereas, the secondary agents of socialization tend to be less personal and involved in the process of socialization in a more indirect manner such as the media. Basic political attitudes and values tend to be formed early in childhood and tend to be relatively consistent throughout life. Thus, the family is...
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...2. Descriptive Statistics Once the Data collection process has been completed the researcher must then try to make sense of the information collected. The data at this stage will be in its raw form and will generally not be suitable for presentation or interpretation The purpose of descriptive statistics, as the name suggests, is to describe a set of data. They are used to provide manageable summaries of data sets. They are the simplest and most widely used set of statistics and in many data analysis projects they will provide all the information required. There are many techniques available for describing a set of data. In this course we will look at three groups of univariate statistics, namely i) Frequency Distributions (ii) Measures of Central Tendency (iii) Measures of Dispersion We will also examine three bivariate techniques i) Crosstabs (ii) Tables of Means (iii) Correlation 2.1 Frequency Distributions - The frequency of a variable value is the number of times that value occurs in a set of data - A frequency distribution is simply a table of frequencies for all possible values of the variable. - They are relatively simple to construct and interpret; yet they still provide a very powerful tool for examining data. Example 2.1 2.1 Frequency Distribution of the number of cars owned by 500 households |Number of Cars |Frequency | |0 |70 ...
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...Socialisation is similar to Social Darwinism. The application of evolutionary laws of natural selection to human societies to 'explain' social processes and behaviours. Spencer coined the term 'survival of the fittest' (often misattributed to Darwin) to describe how Darwin’s ideas about natural selection in nature can be used to explain social processes and behaviours. Socialisation as a term refers to a process that is of critical importance in development of the individual person and in the functioning of groups and societies. (Hunt, P. 3) A major theme is the socialisation process has been the of social structure and value orientations on patterns of child rearing. (P.30.) Agencies of socialisation are where socialisation occurs within, these agencies or social networks aid in the social construction of an individual. The primary socialisation (refers to the socialisation of babies and young children, and mainly occurs within the family) is the family. The family is a child’s first reference group. Families are diverse and their style of parenting reflects cultural, class, ethnic, and religious differences. (Rogoff, P55) Other members of the family’s social network, such as neighbours, also have an influence on behaviour, attitudes and values through their provision of positive and negative representations. It includes all those who are included in the family’s primary social network, such as neighbours, grandparents, close family friends, cousins. (Hunt, P. 33.) ...
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...Key Concepts – The role of socialisation in the creation of identities Socialisation and identity: How and who you socialise with can play a part in creating your identity. Whether it’s family, friends or work peers, they all will have a massive influence in forming your identity. You will pick up things like norms and values from family for example, how you respond to that is part of your identity. * One example in your school years you will make friends. You will perhaps be in a group and share hobbies and activities in which you socialise through with. There you will have distinctive attitude and a form of behaviour that you will pick up from being that group. * Second example is your work peers; how you behave towards them and what you pick up from whilst working there again is part of your identity. You will share similar attitudes and norms of behaviour that the other peers have. Culture and identity: This is the identity of a group or culture of an individual as far as one is influences by one’s belonging to a group or culture. That could depend on various thing like what norms and values you share or what ethnicity the group is from. * One example is you’re from a certain religion which involves living a distinct lifestyle to someone’s who’s non-religious. Their identity will be formed through how they live their life. They may be less sociable and spend more time practising their religion. * Second example is a group of ‘Goths’. Their identity...
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...Socialisation signifies a progression of a single person in terms of the continuation of social values and norms; making the individual conscious of their status in society as well as social approval. The main factor being the behaviour of an individual and whether or not this is deemed “applicable” and “acceptable” in a general and common locale and in environments. Socialisation is made up of two divisions; both primary and secondary. Primary socialisation is referred to the socialisation of an individual in its primary years of life and ultimately materialises within the family. An individual will have learnt the technique of a fundamental category and will have been formed into an effectual individual in that social group. Secondary socialisation is referred to the socialisation of an individual throughout its life into adulthood and beyond. This is where life’s events and settings form the identity and carry on the socialisation and social demeanour from peer groups. One example of socialisation is from a 2012 article from the Daily Telegraph (Alleyne, 2012). Established from a couple and their child; Beck Laxton, Kieran Cooper and Sasha. Having had their child; the family decided they hadn’t wanted to consider their child’s gender being based on and prompted by societies biased preconceptions of gender. Therefore, the child was raised as “the infant” and its upbringing was centred on being outfitted in both female and male clothing, as well as only being permitted...
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