...CRJ306 : Criminal Law & Procedure Instructor: Justin Lawrence July 09, 2015 A Code of Ethics A base principle of a functioning society is the existence of a code of ethics. The ethics within a community govern the appropriate actions and values for its members. The correct conduct is conformity to the supported ethical behavior chosen by the leaders of the populace. Without the rules for acceptable behavior, a community becomes susceptible to harsh conditions and mayhem. The laws of ethics are responsible for the founding of the criminal justice system. It is noting the difference between right and wrong, and enforcing the behaviors deemed acceptable, while penalizing those that are offensive. Ethics within the criminal justice system allows societies to finely draw and define the line between good and evil, for the best of the community. Ethics aid tin the application of the criminal justice process. It provides guidance through the criminal procedure in accordance with societal norms. It is more than just the relationship between a community and their law enforcement, because in actuality it defines the morality of intentions, along with a just punishment for violators. Though ethics are a tool used by the criminal justice system to keep order, they are also what control the interactions between a community and its law enforcement. When societal ethics and these interactional ethics are mutually agreed upon, this makes way for cooperative prevention of criminal activity...
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...contemporary analysis of the term “white collar crime” is as pertinacious as various concepts within the realm of the Criminal Justice System. According to fbi.gov, there are a host of crimes ranging from health care fraud to computer crime amassed under the umbrella of white collar crime. In addition, the term is widely utilized by both criminologists and sociologists alike, incorporating a mass of non-violent behaviors related to pecuniary fraud. Beyond the fundamental description, currently there is a pervasive inaptness and disciplinary criticism of the definition and application of white collar crime. An assortment of criminologists with the focal point being on state and federal law, contend that many of the behaviors society believes to be white collar crimes are in fact not crimes at all. Short of a statute to delineate whether specific conduct is labeled as a criminal violation of law, behaviors tend to be categorized by individual standards rather than in the context. An individual evaluation of what is or is not deviant allows for a subjective approach that softens the scientific objectivity of criminology (Tappan 1977). Furthermore, the Criminal Justice system was assembled upon the foundation of individual culpability. This presents difficulties when criminal acts involve cooperative intricacies. The penalty phase in regards to the corporate criminal action was not intended to impose sanctions against groups or organizations. Rather, sociologists contend the term itself...
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...Criminal Justice Trends evaluation Marion Wade CJA/394 Criminal Justice Trends evaluation It is important for us to understand past, current, and future trends throughout the criminal justice system. Trends allow us to identify areas that need to be addressed so we may be equipped to handle them better. Society depends of the criminal justice system in many ways to offer them a sense of justice, safety, and peace of mind. Within this paper I will discuss past, current, and future trends and how it affects and changes our criminal justice system. I will also address recent and future trends and contemporary issues that affect the criminal justice system, as well as the values of the criminal justice system in a changing society. Past Trends Even though to most it may not seem like it, the criminal justice system has come a long way in its dealings with the public. In the past the criminal justice system was viewed as a faceless machine that acted independently of the areas it charged to look after. It seemed that it was better to stay detached from the public in order to remain biased in their judgment and to keep their professional appearance. By studying past trends we not only were able to see trends in criminal behavior as well as having the ability to try and create possible projections on why it could lead but, we were also able to view the interaction between the criminal justice system and those it served. Both the criminal justice system and the general public...
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...Introduction The United States of America’s national anthem the “Star Spangled Banner” and the “Pledge of Allegiance” state that the United States is “land of the free” with “liberty and justice for all.” Yet, the United States houses 25 percent of the world’s inmates even though it only houses five percent of the world’s population (Martensen, 2012). Additionally the fundamental concept of the United States Criminal Justice System is that an individual is “innocent” until proven guilty. This makes one question whether, people in the United States are really held to this standard, or are certain people more prone to crime in the land of opportunity and freedom? Our society is built around the societal norms of the dominant white group and racial and ethnic inequalities are intertwined in every aspect of our society causing minority groups to struggle against a society built around white privilege. Prevalence Minorities in comparison to their population in the United States are incriminated at a higher rate than Whites. Spohn (2000) stated that “a majority of the studies reviewed…found that African Americans and Hispanics were more likely than Whites to be sentenced to prison, even after taking crime seriousness and prior criminal records into account” (as cited in Hartney & Vuong, 2009, p.10). In 2010, racially the United States population identified as being comprised of 196.8 million Whites who identified as White alone (69.1%), 38.9 million Blacks or African Americans...
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...Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The following essay will discuss the past, present, and future trends connecting societies and the components of the criminal justice system, and reveal how influential these trends can be to the surrounding society. The opinions of this essay will involve an assessment of recent trends, future trends, and contemporary issues affecting the criminal justice system, which will be identified and evaluated. The main point of this essay is to prove that the criminal justice system has a value in a high-speed, ever-so-changing, technology driven society. Past, Present, and Future Trends The past, present, and future trends that form the boundaries between the components of the criminal justice system and their connections surrounding the community is truly a genuine relationship formed by the law and society. Trends, whether past, present, or future have an effect on the criminal justice system because trends much like fads change quickly, and the criminal justice system must succeed and put every effort into keeping up with these trends and the innovative crimes that are created. If one were asked to describe and explain the connections that involve the criminal justice system and crime trends, it would be a difficult task because crime does not have consistent trends or patterns, which can result in one thinking it is a crime trend because these trends can begin and end in an instant (Rosenfeld & Goldberger...
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...More common than not, the horrid implications of the actions of Canadian citizens are overlooked, and their consequences are similarly revoked to an unjust standard. With the lack of punishment as severe as the death penalty, the astonishing number of criminals that walk the streets after serving their short sentences are a risk to not only our current generations, but future justice systems as a whole. In turn, I propose the implementation of the death penalty in the Canadian justice system. The death penalty is a form of punishment one convicted of a serious crime receives which results in the ending of the offender’s life. These executions are primarily conducted through the use of lethal injections or hangings, often leaving the choice to the condemned. Introducing this form of punishment is a necessity for the Canadian justice system. Canada has always taken pride in its “just” society, but is this truly the case? According to dictionary.com “Just” refers to being or behaving accordingly to what is fair. A just society requires the death sentence as the punishment an individual receives for their action must be fair and according to the crime they have committed. In the case of a murder, jail time would not be seen as a fair consequence in comparison to the event the victim was forced to overcome. The only appropriate retribution for the disorderly conduct would be equally taking the offenders life. It is not to say that the death penalty must be used in every conviction...
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...|[pic] |SYLLABUS | | |College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJA/374 Version 3 | | |Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes | Copyright © 2011, 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is a general orientation to the field of juvenile justice, including causation theories and the development of system responses to delinquent behavior. The problems facing juveniles today are addressed, and adult and juvenile justice systems are compared, including initial apprehension, referral, and preventive techniques. Specific issues examined include chemical dependency, mental illness, and compulsive and habitual offenders. Special attention is given to the problems inherent in the police handling of juveniles and the function of juvenile courts. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student...
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...Function of Punishment: * According to Durkheim the function of punishment is not to remove crime but to ‘heal the wounds done to collective sentiment’. * Without Punishment – collective sentiments would lose their force and strength * Crime and punishment are both inevitable and functional. Function of Punishment: * According to Durkheim the function of punishment is not to remove crime but to ‘heal the wounds done to collective sentiment’. * Without Punishment – collective sentiments would lose their force and strength * Crime and punishment are both inevitable and functional. Crime is Inevitable: * Durkheim argued that crime in an inevitable and normal aspect of social life. * Crime is present in all types of society; indeed the crime rate is higher in more advanced, industrialized countries. * It is inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments (shared values and beliefs). Crime is Inevitable: * Durkheim argued that crime in an inevitable and normal aspect of social life. * Crime is present in all types of society; indeed the crime rate is higher in more advanced, industrialized countries. * It is inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments (shared values and beliefs). Crime is Functional: * Durkheim argues that it only becomes dysfunctional when it is rate is unusually low or high. ...
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...Culture-Specific Forensic Accounting Conceptual Framework: A skills Set Theoretical Analysis Abstract : Forensic accounting, given its peculiar investigative stance, requires a specific skills set on the part of the forensic accountant, that integrates accounting, auditing and investigative skills. The Jordanian Anti-Corruption Commission’s (JACC) struggle to investigate Maward’s, a Jordanian state-own company, suspected corruption has raised serious concerns regarding the weak state of forensic accounting in Jordan, and the need for its adaptation to suit the country’s peculiar context, to successfully institutionalize at the wider societal level and benefit the state in its aim for ensuring efficient utilization of the scarce resources at its disposal. This study is an attempt to deduce a country-specific conceptual framework for forensic accounting, which can be replicated, with suitable adaptations, to other countries with similar cultural backgrounds, and put forth some theory-supported suggestions to help guide future research in the area. Keywords: forensic accounting, conceptual framework, institutional theory, foucault Introduction: The rise in the white collar crimes, where evidences are comparatively moreobscure and difficult to detect (Gottschalk, 2011), has necessitated equipping of auditors with forensic skills, particularly over the recent years (DiGabriele, 2009a; Carnes & Gierlasinski, 2001). In the aftermath of several accounting scandals...
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...in return for helping someone out or providing them with a specific service. It is also very common for people to expect to have to give up something in return for asking for help or specific services. While not everyone believes that those who are in need should be helped, there are opposing positions which feel that reform is a way to retract and counteract the situation the for the person in need. In order to get a better understanding of what is needed in the present time, we must first learn and understand how and why people of the western culture helped others through human services. As provided in The Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice, tracing back through history it shows how the western culture went through a difficult route of providing help for people in need. It shows how people in need were provided help from their families and the church or a benevolent feudal lord, later leading to receive help from the government, then eventually receive help from volunteers or trained professionals (Mandell & Schram, 2012). In the United States there are several helpful services which are no longer being made available due to the government’s decisions to strip away the programs or services for those in need and putting much of the burden on the volunteer and charity groups or churches. With the limited amount of resources and services available, these groups and churches are limited on what they can do to help. According to Garrow (2010), “nonprofit human...
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...Client Paper University of Phoenix BSHS/305 Tammy Gale December 7, 2015 Human service professionals are people who are willing to help people fix their problems and become self-sufficient. There are many different things that the human services professional must know. You must know that all clients are victims. A client is an individual who has a combination of psychological, social, economic, educational, vocational, and spiritual problems. As we go through learning clients and learning the field we are taught that the client will always have more than one problem. If the client comes for only one problem and gets only one problem fixed then the client will not become self-sufficient. The hardest thing for a client is getting help. There are a majority of clients who receive help via referral. During this process the client is referred to the Human Services Delivery System by someone or by themselves. In this case, the client is taking initiative to better their situation. This can be searching for employment or childcare. Involuntary placement in the system is usually done by someone in a school, prison, juvenile facility, or justice center. A client is referred involuntarily when the individual cannot do things or their own or when someone sees something going wrong. In most cases, children who are experiencing child abuse are placed into the Human Services Delivery system as a way to keep the child safe. Inadvertent services are for large populations that are targeted...
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...are definitions established within Criminal Culpability, mainly intent, there continues to be discussion over the intended meanings. Specific intent, general intent, transferred intent and strict liability are frequently referenced in the determination of criminal offenses but continue to provide a level of confusion to the law professionals. The intent determines the mindset of the person accused of the crime and provides guidance to the process in which they are punished. These intents are part of the mens rea for the crimes committed and differ from the Model Penal Code. The Model Penal Code has served to simplify the definitions used in the previously mentioned intents. INTENT AND THE CODE 3 There are many differences in the interpretations of Common Law intents and liability. These intents are identified as: specific, general, transferred and strict liability which governs decisions of lawmakers and judges. The complexity in understanding the defined intents and applying them uniformly creates a feeling of disproportionate accountability from members of the public. The Model Penal Code (MPC) changes these intents in common law to four mental states: purposely, knowingly, recklessly and negligently. The “MPC expressly rejects the general notion of strict criminal liability.” (Garland, 2012) There seems to be a need for both levels of the law to coincide and provide the tools necessary for our criminal law system to protect society. ...
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...Critical Thinking and Ethics Aliya Johnson GEN/201 April 28th, 2015 Critical Thinking and Ethics Critical thinking and ethics are concepts that are very important to use in order to be successful either academically and/or professionally. When it comes to critical thinking and ethics both are very universal; and allow for creative views and ideas to collaborate. In order to get better understandings of how critical thinking and ethics can affect your career both professionally and academically we must first analyze these skills. Critical Thinking One analysis I would like to make is how critical thinking and ethics can impact our lives; which means that we have to first understand the definition of critical thinking. According to D.C. Phillips, “critical thinking is referred to generalized standards and principles of reasoning on which reasons for judgements could be based.” (Norris.S, 2014) In other words, people usually base their judgements on what they believe are generally right. Critical thinking allows us to be able to determine whether or not something is ethically right or wrong or maybe in between. There are six steps one can take towards critical thinking. The first step to critical thinking is being able to remember all events that may have taken place. Then, you have to understand the situation that’s going on around you. For example, you may want to “ask yourself if you can explain the situation in your own word.” (D.Ellis...
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...policy developed, after the horrible events of 9/11 attacks. It was in power to ensure that Americans would never have to deal with a tragedy as such again happening, to our beloved society and citizens. That we will protect and secure from the United States enemies and will be better equip, to prevent threats and attacks that are foreign and domestic. A paper we will discuss our point, of view of the Patriot Act and the related legislation that deal with the following areas. Like the Societal implications of the USA PATRIOT law and similar legislation limiting daily behaviors. Next are the worries associated to race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, and beliefs as they identify with police agencies and security services. After that are the effect with technology and globalization and the balance of individual rights against public safety. Another is the influence of domestic and international terrorism about federal agencies also private security companies, and lastly is the conclusion. Societal implications of the USA PATRIOT Act and related legislation limiting daily behaviors For some of the citizens of the United States, the Patriot Act has no tangible impact on them. Although groups feel that, it could be harsh effects on constitutional rights. The theory of the patriot act can give the government more freedom to spy on citizens and use the argument within their case that the people they are spying on having links or are a part of terrorist groups. There are some instances...
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...discuss the range of problems facing these clients and what helping skills can be used by the helper in order to help the client. When problems exist that causes a client to experience trouble or discomfort it is essential that human service professionals are able to identify those problems and provide a course of action to resolve those problems. Problems can be described as a situation, event, or condition that is troublesome for the client. There are five ways to think about a client’s situation in terms of problem identification, developmental and situational problems, hierarchical needs, needs created by societal change and environmental influences. The developmental perspective theorizes that individuals engage in certain tasks or activities at different points in their lives. These developmental stages occur from the day an individual is conceived until the day of their death. It is based on a study by Erik H. Erikson and breaks down an individual’s life into eight stages. The problems that occur within these stages of life of an individual dictate how well they meet a later stage. For instance, as an infant, he or she learns trust within his or her environment. The infant depends on the caretaker to meet his or her needs and a special bond is developed. Care and warmth is shown during this stage between...
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