...Modern Philippine Society Vs 19th Century Europe While the Philippines is deemed to be a “developing” country, one can easily presume that the country has reached some sort of plateau in terms of social growth and progress. In fact, one may even argue that Philippine society still closely resembles 19th Century Europe. Political Alfred McCoy and Ed de Jesus iterate that the Philippines as a society was essentially “political” in nature. Restrained by traditional values of reciprocity, the Filipino lived in a state of cultural, political, and economic “undevelopment” that served as a positive barrier to “modernization”. While the economy faltered, politics boomed. Channeling all their conflicts and aspirations through the political system, the Filipinos were unified through and electoral-cum-bureaucratic structure. Much like the uprising in 19th century Europe, which was founded on the citizens’ dissatisfaction of economic and political state. Economical As far as social class is concerned, modern-day Philippine society can still see a very huge and apparent gap between social classes, even with the existence of the middle-class. While luxury stores were popping up like mushrooms in the central business district, the average monthly income per family was pegged at Php10, 750 . Clearly foreign luxury brands would not even consider setting up shop locally without a readily available market. Religion The church and the state although technically and ideally...
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...During the 16th Century the renaissance and the reformation both had a major impact on Europe, this was due to the liberties and new ideas that produced changes in the society. Source 1 concentrates more on the effect the renaissance had whereas Source 2 concentrate more on the reformation and its effects. These however are not the only factors that contributed the ‘new age’ which was being formed, for example other key turning points would be international relations in regards to commerce as well as overseas exploration. In Source 1 it states that there was a ‘regeneration of cultural values’ this helps to support that the renaissance did have a massive effect in Europe as it was down to those values mentioned in Source 1. It highlights that there was a mass movement in cultural ideas throughout Europe at the time as many people’s view on society and cultural was changing. The infusion of new ideas had the biggest effect on the people in the middle class as out of everyone they cared the most about what others thought of them and whether or not they were doing the ‘right’ thing for that time period. Examples of the new ideas presented where shown through architecture, art and fashion. The change is backed up by Source 1 further as Morris expresses the ideas of the rebirth of ‘standards that had lain dormant since the fall of Rome’ this implies that the so called ‘new’ ideologies that are being formed aren’t so new, that in fact they are the thoughts expressed during the Roman...
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...Enlightenment changed Europe and made Europe more modern through emphasis of knowledge and questioning the way that society was structured. The changes are seen through the debate surrounding religion, shifts in societal thinking, and the ideas of Philosophes. The Enlightenment changed a lot about Europe to make it more modern. One way that Europe developed during this time was, many people started to view religion in a different light. Specifically, this change and view was seen with Christianity, people started to question whether Christianity should control how society believes the world should function. From this, theists and deists emerged, theists did not want to outright get rid of Christianity but rather remove the irrational portions of the religion;...
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... | |Social Problems of United States verses Europe Final Exam | |Intro to Social Problems - SOCI 1160 | |by | |Ms Christy Flatt | | | |Christopher Brown 135758 | |4/30/2011 | | | Social Problems of United States verses Europe Final Exam This paper is designed to review how social problems affect our society. Additionally, this paper will address social problems of the United States compared to Europe. Along with the factors that should be consider on why there...
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...Renaissance. Civilization was changing and what we consider the modern world was about to begin. The renaissance doings that happened in Europe outside of Italy is called the Northern European Renaissance. Italy's humanist ideas and values moved out of Italy and throughout Europe, which spurred on the Northern European Renaissance. The Renaissance period began in the early 14th Century and lasted until the late 16th Century. “Renaissance” comes from the French word that means “rebirth.” This time period is named and studied because of its unique art, literature, and music. It is also known as society's modern age. Early in the 14th Century, Italian scholars started to study the ancient cultures that preceded them, like those of Greece and the Roman Empire. This scholarly interest would lead to the Italian Renaissance. Italy and Europe was ready for change after the harrowing destruction of the Black Plague in the Middle Ages. Florence, Italy, was the home of the start of the Renaissance. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, culture, politics, and the arts had only been in decline. Petrarch advocated learning about Italy's Latin and Roman history. The Pope and the royalty liked this idea, so other scholars begun to study in the same vein. These scholars valued the accomplishments of the Romans, but they wanted to improve on their society instead of blindly trying to recreate the same thing. These scholars wrote books that would stimulate Italians' thinking and give them...
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...view to explain the growth of capitalism solely on factors and conditions in Europe? STUDENT ID: 377170tm The term capitalism has been a center of a heated debate from many scholars in the discourses of politics, economy, law and academia for a long time. There is no straight forward definition of that term. However, in a context of this work, capitalism has four distinctive characteristics (Ellen, Wood: 2002).In the capitalist society, the economy is highly controlled by the market. By large the government is supposed to put no restriction in the markets and it lets an intense competition to drive the economy. The other characteristic of capitalism is that all the goods produced by capitalist are sold for profit. The primary purpose of capitalist society is to maximize profit by any means especially through exploitation of labour. Apart from that in capitalism, labour is considered to be a commodity like any other commodities and it can be sold and purchased in the market. In addition to that, all the means of production such as land, tools, machinery etc belong to the appropriators and not the producers. The producer can only render his expertise and labour power in exchange of the meager wages. Different approaches have been used by scholars to explain the reasons for the rise and growth of capitalism in Europe. Some scholars argue that the growth of capitalism was a result of conditions in Europe only while others explain that the growth of capitalism grew due to a combination...
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...Running head: POLITICAL ASPECT OF THE MASS MEDIA The mass media separating the world. Joseph jreige Notre Dane University-louaize ENL 110-C The mass media separating the world. The society accommodates three authorities which are the Legislative, Judiciary, and executive supremacy. After the intervention of the technology into our life there were many historical revolutions caused by political, economical, or religious issues about this technology. For the mass media, it went away from the revolutions to take advantage of this technical progress. It has been chasing a benevolent evolution to reach a point where it took a real capability to be the forth mastery in our society today. Using its power, the media is dividing the world into three parts: USA, Europe, and Asia with Africa, giving each its own characteristics. First the media using its power is giving the USA its own characteristics. One of these characteristics is that the people of USA are worthy of richness. They are the people who can use their money to produce a progress for their own society and sometimes for the whole world. We can see that America has been giving the world from its discovery till today many proofs to insure that it is the country that would give betterment to the world. Anholt, Hildreth, &Jeremy(May, 2011) orate "Putting a man on the moon may not have been intended as an advertisement for American technology, but it certainly worked as one, and...
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...Medieval society around the year 1300 A.D. can be summed up by Dante’s Inferno. In Canto XV we see Dante and his guide, Virgil, passing through the fourth ring of the seventh circle of Hell, the ring of the sodomites punishment. From his writings, we can learn about one of the technologies of Europe during Dante’s time. And also most importantly we can see glimpses of European society’s values as in heredity, idleness, fate, and the reach of Hell. In the beginning of Canto XV, we can see Dante and Virgil walking on to which seems to be a levee between a river and the fiery sands which tells us about technologies of the time. This he compares to “As the Flemings between Wissant and Bruges, to defend/ Against the tide that rushes in on them.”(15:4-5) By doing this, land is made useable to people. Land is a commodity. Here we see that medieval peoples had this technology at their hands to reclaim land lost to the sea for purposes of agriculture or town development. The fact that they could do this, tells that improvement in agriculture was growing. New technologies were being put to use which lead to more food production, in turn, lead to a growth in population of medieval Europe. As the two continue we can see the view of idleness in medieval Europe. When Dante and Virgil are walking along they come across a “troop of souls” and one of the souls sees Dante and recognizes him then pulls on his clothing to get his attention.(15:14) This is Brunetto Latini, a former mentor of...
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...Popular Culture of Europe Throughout the Ages Popular culture always has, and will remain, a telling aspect of the mindset of the masses throughout history. It is best defined by PhilosophyNow as the vernacular or people’s culture that predominates in a society at a point in time. The popular culture of Early Modern Europe can largely be classified as a shift from rowdy and vulgar celebrations to a more educated form of enjoying oneself. In the 1800’s, the formation of a mass society accompanied the growing literary movement, while post-WWI Europe experienced the gradual growth of mass media after numerous technological advancements, and later, a global movement towards rapid Americanization. In the mid-1300’s, the disease known as the Black Death was progressing rapidly throughout Europe. As more and more bodies were infected, the European masses began to live each day as if it were their last. This took place in the form of “sex crazed and alcoholic orgies” (Spielvogel 307). In Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, a description of the popular reaction to the plague is featured: “Others maintained free living to be a better preservative, and would baulk no passion or appetite they wished to gratify, drinking and reveling incessantly from tavern to tavern” (Boccaccio 3). Although the most prominent scares of the Black Death began to fade away in the later years of the 14th century, the need for a rowdy form of enjoyment was still prevalent. Europe experienced a so-called...
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...Old Dreams, New Perspectives Migrants already live a post-national life under precarious conditions in that they make themselves into clandestine citizens of Europe without being able to claim national member-ship of an EU country. In so doing, they pre-empt a cosmopolitan European identity of a kind conceived as a political vision by the anti-Fascist and anti-racist resistance in Europe The cosmopolitan dream of an open Europe Europe’s new start after World War II was marked by post-national ideas. It was the experience of European Fascism with its nationalism and racism that gave wings to the social imagination of a different Europe. And it was first and foremost cosmopolitans of the Jewish and anti-Fascist diaspora who developed and represented this “third place” of a post-totalitarian, post-national Europe as a politically realistic perspective. Today, these origins of the modern Europe appear to have been forgotten. Yet the cosmopolitan dream of an open Europe that overcomes its historic barriers of nationalism, racism and colonialism is not dead. Today, however, it is less then ever before a perspective of the political elites. As an idea and as a demand, however, this Europe continues to have its place in the diaspora: among the critics and dissidents of the new Euro-statehood and among the migrants who fight a practical fight against the EU’s neo-colonial border regime. However, a new, disenchanted character of cosmopolitanism is emerging here, marked less...
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...Mihir Patel Western Civilization Columbus’ Voyages Lead to Globalization In the period of 15th and 16th century, Europe was in a wave to discover the world and compatible to conquer the lands around the globe. It was an era of many radical changes. Around Europe, new political, religions, and economic systems were establishing and were desperate to build novel relationship with the people around the globe. Many sailors were competing to discover the new world and start the global exchange process. Therefore, the historians today label it as the “Age of Discovery.” In the age of discovery, Europe was in search of water path to India because the Persian society had conquered the road path known as the “Silk Road” and blocked the exchange between...
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...the Middle Ages, Europe went through a period of time that could be defined as faithful, dark, feudalistic and achieving. Although these words seem conflicting, 500 to 1400 A.D. was a changing time for Europe as it accomplished many things, yet experienced some of its worst challenges. After the Roman Empire collapsed, feudalism became the new form of social classes the people followed. The Roman Catholic Church influenced followers and inspired them to follow its higher power, God. Many areas of skill were developed which led to one of the greatest breakthroughs during its time, the Golden Age. This breakthrough resulted from a harmful Dark Age which was a devastating time for medieval Europe. After invasions from outside countries and the spread of the Black Plague, an influential time resulted with advancements in architecture and education, therefore describing the Middle Ages as the “Dark Ages” and “Golden Ages.” The Dark Ages was a time of great destruction from invaders and a horrific disease that led to a population decline. Barbarians came into Europe...
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...and seventeenth century early modern Europe, demonic possession was a common occurrence, explained predominantly through religion and psychiatry. Demonic spirits were known to inflict the mind and cause an individual to act out of the ordinary. Although possession is more commonly associated with mental illness in today’s world, it can still be seen in modern religion and psychiatry. However, emphasis on the church was much more popular in early modern Europe, as it was believed that any individual who was possessed was in dire need of an exorcism from a priest. This alludes to the importance and authority of the church during this time period. Furthermore, a gender bias existed in regard to demonic possession and exorcisms, as it was far more likely for a woman to be declared possessed than a man. This study looks at the concept of demonic possession in early modern Europe and argues that during the Reformation Era, both Catholics and Protestants utilized the concept of demonic possession to legitimize their religion to society and their respective followers. Religious conflict during the sixteenth and seventeenth century helped to cement the...
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...Name Instructor Course February 12th 2013 17th Century European Witch craze Abstract The 17th century was the height of witch craze in Europe, where many were executed and persecuted for witchcraft. Approximately eighty five percent of those executed for witchcraft were women and this frenzy continued in Europe all the way to the early twentieth century. The loss of life was so severe that it has been referred to some researchers as a holocaust. Did this hysteria against witchcraft reduce their numbers? No. The more violently they were executed, the more in number they became. Most of those executed were women and this form of massive attack on women signifies a type of genocide; one that focuses on gender rather than on a religious or ethnic group. In Reformation Europe, women were overwhelmingly tried as witches. In France and Germany, more than eighty percent of those executed as witches and in England, ninety two percent of those executed for witchcraft were women and in Russia, approximately ninety five percent were also put to death (Trevor 214). The practice of witch hunts subsided by late seventeenth century and by early eighteenth century, witchcraft trials were rare. The causes for the decline of witch hunts are numerous and complex. This paper will attempt to analyze the witch craze phenomenon concentrating on several questions: why did women suffer the majority of the executions? Why did the witch craze end in the seventeenth century? Why was there...
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...the papacy in Rome became the center of power of the medieval world, the factors contributing to this dominance over Western Europe, and the positive and negative ramifications of the position becoming so powerful. Through this paper you will discover how papacy was able to fill the vacuum of power left by the fall of an empire. THE HOW AND WHY When the Roman Empire fell services that it previously provided were left untended. Additionally the political structures and authority of the government were left in ruins. This created a massive void in the culture of the empire. While the government collapsed, the Church survived and even thrived, remaining strong throughout the known world, but especially in Rome. Services previously provided by the government were now being delivered at the hands of the Church under the direction of the Bishop of Rome, which would become the position of Pope. Society turned to the Church for education, monasteries took in war-orphans, and peace and mercy were encouraged in matters involving the former empire and its conquerors. While the Roman Empire was falling, the Church was rising and society churned on both under the leadership and guidance of the Bishop of Rome. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO EUROPEAN DOMINANCE While many factors contributed to the papacy’s dominance over Western Europe from the fall of the Empire until the reformation, there are three overarching reasons for this rise in power and sustained...
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