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Socioeconomic Status

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Introduction: Socioeconomic status (SES) influences childhood development of the brain. Social interactions and speech are shaped by social and cultural factors. Two case studies explain the connections among social and cultural factors, the interactions children experience, and results of the children’s language development. The first study investigates relation of family SES, maternal child-directed speech, and child vocabulary growth of 2-year-olds in the United States (Hoff, 2003). The hypothesis being tests is that maternal speech mediated the relation between SES and child vocabulary.
Methods: 63 Children between the ages of 16 and 30 months with their mothers were studied. Children were selected to be in close range of their levels of language development. The mothers were asked to videotape their interactions with their child in the most naturalistic situations possible at home. This included mealtime, getting child dressed, as well as mother and child playing with toys. The videotaped sessions included 3 settings and averaged 40 minutes and then repeated 10 weeks later. Families were selected into …show more content…
Results of the study showed that SES accounted for 5% of the variance size of vocabularies children formed. The study also showed that SES was significantly related to maternal speech, mothers with high SES used stronger vocabulary and longer utterances when talking to their children than mothers of mid SES did. To test the hypothesis of maternal speech mediated the relation between SES and child vocabulary, researchers removed the variance in child speech that could be accounted for in terms of maternal speech to see if effect of SES remained. As a result, no significant effect of SES remained and only 1% nonsignificant variance in child vocabulary was associated with SES after the maternal speech was

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