...nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” - Martin Luther King Jr. This speech will be about discrimination, prejudice and fair behaviour. The speech will contain all of the information needed to cover LO1. The first thing first, no one is born racist. You can learn to be racist in the environment and society that you live in. It also depends on how your parents make you grow up. Prejudice is kind of attitude involving the rejection of something or someone without reasonable grounds for it. In many cases the prejudice is based up on stereotyping. Type of the prejudice can based up on different numbers of factors such as your age, disability or race. Under the equality act 2010 it is illegal to make someone less favourable because of his age. There are some exceptions such as the wages. For different age groups there are different salary at ages sixteen, eighteen and twenty-one. Example – An elderly man (70 years old) is working as a teacher in local college. Because his experience and years of good work there he cannot be removed from the college by his manager if the job his doing is outstanding. But on his place there are some other people with less experience but much younger than him. That means he is blocking the place where other educate person could get this place. Stereotyping When prejudice occur, the stereotyping and discrimination may also result in many cases. Often...
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...Race and Ethnicity in Police Employment Practices Isabel R. Rodriguez University of Phoenix October 3, 2011 Blanche Cook Race and Ethnicity in Police Employment Practices An important part of the United States workforce is made up of police officers. The number of police officers employed has grown drastically over the past few years. However, although the number of police officers employed has increased, public scrutiny has as well. The police employment practices have affected the publics’ perception of the police because of the factors involved as well as the desire to seek employment in law enforcement. The paper below will describe some of the factors involved with race and ethnicity when seeking police careers. Diversity among the law enforcement was limited until several years ago. A significant positive change has been seen in the perceptions of minorities within the employment of law enforcement. This helps to redress the historic workplace inequity by having police forces better reflect ethnic constituency of society (Perrott, 1999). However, minorities are still more likely to suffer inequalities. These inequalities are shaped by structural constraints that include childhood and adult poverty, unemployment, inadequate health care, and lack of economic and education opportunities (Smith, 2009). Minorities are also placed at the bottom of the social class. Because of these inequalities, employment with the police department has been difficult to achieve as some...
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...especially in the law-enforcement community. Most people get it confused with criminal profiling which is not the same. Racial profiling is any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being or having been, engaged in criminal activity. Criminal profiling is any police- initiated action that used the compilation of the background, physical, behavioral, and motivational characteristics for a type of perpetrator that lead the police. Now imagine driving to the store on a cold winter day, dressed in a hoodie to keep warm. You simply pull into the parking lot in hopes of getting something nice for your daughter for the holidays. Driving the posted speed limit, you pull slowly into a parking space in the back of the store. All of a sudden, a car pulls up behind you, blocking you in. You look in your rearview mirror only to find the community crime watch officer staring you down. The officer immediately treats you like a suspect, smothering you with questions concerning what you’re doing, where you’re going; yet never really had any reasoning behind the questions. The major reason to oppose racial profiling is that it simply doesn’t work. Empirical studies show that when police use race or ethnic appearance as a factor in law enforcement, their effectiveness in apprehending criminals decreases. Even worse, it has often led...
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...What are they Doing with a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology? DATA BRIEF ON CURRENT JOBS R o b e r t a S p a l t e r- R o t h a n d N i c o l e Va n Vo o r e n January 2008 In AY 2005 the American Sociological Association’s Research and Development Department surveyed a sample of close to 1,800 seniors to find out their satisfaction with the sociology major and their future plans for work, graduate school, or both. Early in 2007 we resurveyed the class of 2005 to find out what they were doing with their bachelor’s degree since graduation.1 This Data Brief, the first in a series of downloadable publications from the second wave of the survey, provides information on the post-graduate activities of graduates, the kinds of jobs they held as of December 2006, their satisfaction with these jobs, and the changes in their overall satisfaction with the sociology major. Figure 1 compares the 2005 responses of senior majors as to their future plans with their 2007 reports as to what they actually were doing. The figure shows that in 2005, 40 percent of respondents planned to work and not attend graduate school after they obtained their _________________________________________________ 1The response rate for the second wave of the survey was 44 percent or 778 graduates. FIGURE 1: MORE SOCIOLOGY BACHELOR’S RECEPIENTS ARE WORKING, PLANS FOR THE FUTURE AT TIME 1 VS. STATUS AT TIME 2 (in Percents) 42.1 Job Only 60.3 22.2 Grad School Only 13.1 ...
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...Race and ethnicity are one of the most commonly used terms in human sociology. However, the two terms are quite distinct despite the fact that they are often used together in a wide array of topics. Distinguishing the meaning of the terms is key to understanding the two societal topics separately. Race refers to the categorization of people based on their unique genetic or physical make-up whereas ethnicity refers to the clustering of people based on societal factors such as language, religions or their customary heritage. Racial profiling is arguably one of the most controversial issues affecting people based on race. To begin with, racial profiling refers to the process through which individuals are targeted by law enforcement agencies based...
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...excessive force by police departments in the United States have continued to generate large media coverage across the nation. After the Rodney King incident in 1991, public outcry regarding the use of excessive force was thrown into public view causing reform in law enforcement. As the years continued, incidents of police brutality have continued to plague the nation. In the state of Ferguson, the fatal shooting of Michael Brown occured at the hands of officer, Darren Wilson, which set off giant unrest and protests within their communities. In addition, Eric Garner, a citizen of New York, was also killed by a local officer through the use of a brutal “chokehold” sparking even more outrage. Countless cases of police brutality...
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...States. While prior research indicates a positive correlation between past levels of lynching and current social control practices against minority groups, we posit an inverse relationship for facets of social control that are protective of minorities. Specifically, we hypothesize that contemporary hate crime policing and prosecution will be less vigorous where lynching was more prevalent prior to 1930. Analyses show that levels of past lynching are associated with three outcome variables germane to hate crime policing and prosecution, but the effect of lynching is partly contingent on the presence of a minority group threat. That is, past lynching combined with a sizeable black population largely suppresses (1) police compliance with federal hate crime law, (2) police reports of hate crimes that target blacks, and in some analyses (3) the likelihood of prosecuting a hate crime case. Our findings have implications for research on law and intergroup conflict, historical continuity in the exercise of state social control, and theories that emphasize minority group threat. Steven F. Messner University at Albany-SUNY onflict theories of crime and criminal law posit that the state largely serves the interests of dominant groups in society (Quinney 1974; Turk 1969; Vold 1958) and this function can be expressed in two distinct ways. On the one hand, the legal apparatuses of the state— law and law enforcement—can be used to sub- C Direct correspondence to Ryan King, University...
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...differences exist between media representations and official data for these two groups? 4. What are the possible implications of media (mis)representations of crime in society? You may choose to review official statistics on crime here: http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook. This is a resource to be used in writing your response, at your discretion. It is not required. GRADING Your project will be graded on the strength and clarity with which you communicate your analysis of the data. This will be broken down the following ways: · Use of course material · Organization of ideas · Formatting of paper · Quality of conceptual points · Quality of supporting evidence Ethan Salley Sociology 215 Media Project The media has been a source of controversy and speculation in a variety of social issues. Whether it be race, crime or even gender, the media has a tendency for sensationalism to promote viewership and to captivate their audiences. Modern media has many shortcomings, especially in regards to realying...
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...Health and Safety Issues of Police Officers in Canada, the United States and Europe: A Review Essay © Jennifer R. L. Parsons June, 2004 2 Introduction Police officers play a pivotal role in North American and European societies. They are involved in many aspects of North American and European life. Officers’ involvement ranges from general, daily, proactive patrol activities to specific criminal activities such as narcotic investigations. Because there is such a wide range of activities involved in police work, there are many health and safety issues surrounding policing as an occupation. Police officers may be exposed to different health and safety risks in their occupation. For example, police officers are at risk of assault and homicide; the dynamics of policing as an occupation creates opportunities for them to experience many psychosocial hazards such as stress, suicide, sexual harassment, and discrimination. It is important that research be completed on the health and safety issues of police officers in order to identify hazards and identify ways to reduce risk. The failure to identify and solve health and safety concerns of officers has potentially serious consequences for the health and well being of officers and their families. These consequences can include depression, divorce, suicide, and disease. Not addressing the health and safety issues associated with policing may also impact the general public. For example, if an officer is stressed or fatigued...
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...\\server05\productn\C\CPP\8-2\CPP204.txt unknown Seq: 1 5-JUN-09 8:30 Racial profiling and searches: Did the politics of racial profiling change police behavior?* Patricia Y. Warren Florida State University Donald Tomaskovic-Devey University Massachusetts, Amherst Research Summary Scholarly research has documented repeatedly that minority citizens are disproportionately stopped, searched, and arrested relative to their baseline populations. In recent years, policymakers have brought increased attention to this issue as law-enforcement agencies across the United States have faced allegations of racial profiling. In the 1990s, the politics generated by accounts of racially biased policing placed heightened pressure on law-enforcement agencies. However, to date, few studies have explored whether the increased social and political scrutiny placed on police organizations influenced or changed their general pattern of enforcement among black and white citizens. Using data in the search and citation file from the North Carolina Highway Traffic Study, this research specifically examined whether the politics generated by the media coverage of racial profiling and racial profiling legislation in North Carolina influenced the search practices of officers of the North Carolina State Highway Patrol’s drug interdiction team. The findings suggest that media accounts and the passage of new legislation were particularly powerful influences, which thereby reduced ...
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...evidence that race is a meaningful way to identify social or biological differences.” (Lemert, 2006) Today, racism is an issue still present in the United States as it is in many parts of the world. But one of the major issues with racism in the United States today is that the prominent focus tends to be on white and black relations, thus leaving many of the racial and ethnic groups that have been affected out of the limelight. The evidence of racism in the United States is dominated by the attempts of members of the white race to control other races, and it is overwhelming and it is an unfortunate part of American history that still resonates today. Jim Crow laws, policies such as “Manifest Destiny”, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882…these are just a few of the many attempts to limit the rights of non-whites in the United States. Here, an argument will be presented in support of the idea that the racism debate is dominated by white and black relations, followed by the presentation of a counter-argument, and concluded with a response to the counter-argument. To begin with let’s explore some reasons why white and black relations are the primary focus of race relations in the United States. When many people think of racism in the United States, one of the first things that might come to mind is the forced enslavement of Africans and their subsequent poor treatment even after the 13th amendment completely abolished slavery. Just do a quick Google search on “Race...
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...White American Privileges and Social Class Aieleen Lanot University of Hawaii – West Oahu White American Privileges and Social Class Privilege is a concept of sociology used to implicate that there are certain groups of individuals that have an advantage over others. “Social liberties use the term to mean benefits according to white people under economic, political, and social circumstance. (Anyon 17)” I agree with his stance because there is no extension of such privileges to individuals of other races such as Blacks, Hispanics or Asians. The use of this term is mainly in the social inequality context primarily in relation to social class, sexual orientation, race, age, and gender. Several recorded privileged elements show the advantageous that White America has in getting access to better housing, jobs, and education. This paper will explore the issue of White American privileges and how social class status is based on color of your skin and the financial means of your family. In the article by Peggy McIntosh, she defines, “White privileges as a package of unearth assets, invisible in nature and are obvious” (McIntosh 10). There is a comparison of white privilege to an undetectable light knapsack of assurance, maps, tools, guidance, visa, codebooks, clothes, passbooks, emergency gear, blank checks, etc. I concur with Peggy McIntosh analysis since there are several functions brought about by white privileges. These functions include provisions of “perks”...
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...that race is not a relevant consideration in that assessment (May and Sharratt 1994: 317). In other words, it is only possible to justify treating people differently if there exists some factual difference between them that justifies such difference in treatment (Rachels 1999: 94). Equality is a nonspecific term that means nothing until applied to a particular context. Thus, in a political context, equality means equal access to public office and equal treatment under the law, and equal treatment extends to equality in terms of job hiring, promotion, and pay. Race refers to groups of persons who are relatively alike in their biological inheritance and are distinct from other groups (American Anthropological Association 1997: 2). Ethnicity is a cultural phenomenon referring to a person’s identification with a particular cultural group (Hinman 1998: 403). Race is socially constructed, and the notion that persons “belong” to a particular race was developed in the last century based on the belief that there was a biological basis for categorizing groups of people. Biologically, however, the term race has no meaning, yet society continues to give the notion meaning by using it as a social category. The notion of race gradually took hold in U.S. society when the institution of slavery reinforced the idea that one race could be inferior to another (Banks and Eberhardt 1998: 58). In the United States, the law has had the effect of distributing benefits and burdens based on race, and...
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...451728 cLaughlin et al.American Sociological Review 2012 ASRXXX10.1177/0003122412451728M Sexual Harassment, Workplace Authority, and the Paradox of Power American Sociological Review 77(4) 625–647 © American Sociological Association 2012 DOI: 10.1177/0003122412451728 http://asr.sagepub.com Heather McLaughlin,a Christopher Uggen,a and Amy Blackstoneb Abstract Power is at the core of feminist theories of sexual harassment, although it has rarely been measured directly in terms of workplace authority. Popular characterizations portray male supervisors harassing female subordinates, but power-threat theories suggest that women in authority may be more frequent targets. This article analyzes longitudinal survey data and qualitative interviews from the Youth Development Study to test this idea and to delineate why and how supervisory authority, gender nonconformity, and workplace sex ratios affect harassment. Relative to nonsupervisors, female supervisors are more likely to report harassing behaviors and to define their experiences as sexual harassment. Sexual harassment can serve as an equalizer against women in power, motivated more by control and domination than by sexual desire. Interviews point to social isolation as a mechanism linking harassment to gender nonconformity and women’s authority, particularly in male-dominated work settings. Keywords inequality, gender, power, sexual harassment The term sexual harassment was not coined until the 1970s (Farley 1978), but formal...
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...it can tell us about our society . Criminologists disagree, sometimes violently, about which of these kinds of concerns are most legitimate and important . So Criminology was the composite result of the thinking and endeavors of many people, and them desire to the understanding the individual behavior and deviation and the structuring of the social order . The study of crime has engaged the interest of many academic disciplines. Building on centuries of philosophical debate, systematic attempts to explain crime emerged from the developing biological and social sciences in the late nineteenth century. Anthropologists, statisticians, and economists have contributed to the analysis of crime, but the major theories have come from sociology, psychology, and psychiatry. Yet, despite the overlapping concerns of these disciplines, their theories have developed against a background of mutual disinterest, if...
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