...Introduction To Sociology Name: Course: Supervisor: Date: Agents of socialization are the groups surrounding us with whom we interact daily. We develop a connection with them whether close or distant and they help in shaping us to whom we are. These groups are divided into two categories; primary agents and secondary agents. Primary agents consist of people we have physical and emotional connection with. Under primary agents there are family members who are the first we come into contact with in birth and through most of our growing up and maturity to death; they are part of our lives. Friends play a major role as socialization agents too and they can fall under primary or secondary group depending on how tight the friendship ties are. Secondary group comprise of those we interact with casually. Workmates, schoolmates, and the people we meet in religious gatherings and recreational places. There are no emotional connections involved. Socializing agents gives an individual a sense of identity and belonging. In most cases people’s settlements and interactions are determined by their socio-economic status therefore creating a gap between those with low and high income leading to an institutionalized system of social inequity. In today’s world, families have taken different dimensions and they diversify with time with new forms coming up. What used to be termed as a family in the past is not what it is today. The first family form discussed is the biological family. Under...
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...Sex and Sexuality: Having the Conversation with Our Children Tyra M. Robinson Professor Stacy Hurley Sociology 101 July 23, 2012 Sex and Sexuality: Having the Conversation with Our Children In many countries talking about sex is treated as taboo. (Macionis, 2009, p. 192) Parents are not talk to their children about it. They just tell them not to have it until they are married, and a child’s extent of conversation about sex is asking, “Where do babies come from?” during adolescence. But is this really enough? Is the lack of knowledge on the topic ruining the social outlook on sex and sexuality in our Society? Not talking to our children about sex and sexuality at home leaves them to learn about it from outside sources such as, school, peers and media. Through these sources they might learn how to put on a condom and birth control, sexual diseases, pregnancy and abortion. But what about their sexuality, gender, incest, homosexuality and other sexual issues like rape and molestation? As much as some of these topics may frighten us as parents to talk about with our children, the harsh reality is, they need to know. They should know that sexuality is about more than just having sex. That sexuality is a theme found almost everywhere, and it is an important part of how we think about ourselves, as well as how other think about us (Macionis, 2009, p. 192). Let them know that sex can be pleasurable, but it can also be very confusing and frightening, and this is okay...
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...What is Victimology? Tysheena Draten American InterContinental University March 25, 2012 CRJS 310-1202A-01 Abstract In this paper, the writer gives the definition of victimology along with its history and how it was developed. The writer also explains how it is different from criminology, sociology, and psychology. The writer also discusses who established the first safe houses for battered women as well as where and when those safe houses were established. The writer then goes on to tell who established the first rape crisis centers as well as when and where they were established. Next, the writer discusses how the civil rights movement contributed to anti-discrimination efforts and the establishment of hate crime legislation and policy. The writer also tells the role children’s rights groups have played in highlighting the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. Finally, the writer provide the organizations that an individual can contact if he/she has been victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and homicide along with what services are not provided by government crime compensation programs. What is Victimology? Victimololgy is a sub-discipline of criminology concerned with understanding and explaining the patterning of criminal victimization (Victimology, 2008). Victimology draws together academics, activists, and policymakers from all different type of backgrounds. There are three different types of victimological thoughts...
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...Sex and Sexuality: Having the Conversation with Our Children Tyra M. Robinson Professor Stacy Hurley Sociology 101 September 11, 2012 Sex and Sexuality: Having the Conversation with Our Children In many countries talking about sex is treated as taboo. (Macionis, 2009, p. 192) Parents are not talking to their children about it. They just tell them not to have it until they are married, and a child’s extent of conversation about sex is asking, “Where do babies come from?” during adolescence. But is this really enough? Is the lack of knowledge on the topic ruining the social outlook on sex and sexuality in our Society? Not talking to our children about sex and sexuality at home leaves them to learn about it from outside sources such as, school, peers and media. Through these sources they might learn how to put on a condom and birth control, sexual diseases, pregnancy and abortion. What about their sexuality? Gender, incest, homosexuality and other sexual issues like rape and molestation? As much as some of these topics may frighten us as parents to talk about with our children, the harsh reality is, they need to know. They should know that sexuality is about more than just having sex. That sexuality is a theme found almost everywhere, and it is an important part of how we think about ourselves, as well as how others think about us (Macionis, 2009, p. 192). As parents we should let them know that sex can be pleasurable, but it can also be very confusing and frightening...
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...Abstract This paper will provide a definition and history of victimology as well as give examples of real life victims. Second, this paper will discuss how victimology is different from criminology, sociology and psychology. This paper will also discuss hate crimes, the first safe house for battered women, children’s rights groups. Finally, this paper will also discuss organizations that provide advocacy for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse and homicides. Introduction to Victimology Victimology is the study of victims of crime and the interactions between the victim and the perpetrator (victimology, 2006). Victimology is to investigate the victims role in the commission of crimes and sometimes the psychological effect those crimes have on the victims (victimology, 2007). Today’s criminal justice system is a fairly new appearance, in the middle ages victims themselves were responsible for dealing with criminals on their own as there were no authorities to enforce the law. Murder has always been unacceptable behavior, but it was always up to the victims or their survivors to determine the course of action to be taken against the person committing the crime. In 2200 B.C.E. was when Law of Moses, the Code of Hammurabi and Roman law all consisted of elements to individual responsibility for harms committed against others (Doerner & Lab, 2008). It was until the 1940’s that the criminal justice system decided to not only focus their time in...
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...Ryan Batista Casey Lukenbill SOCIOLOGY 1 TWTH 4:10-6:50 P.M. 2/3/2011 Violent Crimes in Society Deviance is the contravention of what society sees as normal. Crime is one of the main problems within deviance that society faces on a daily basis. One specific type of crime that many are affected by is violent crime. This type of crime ranges from minor traffic violations to murder. Violent crimes in the United States affect society domestically, personally, and sexually. One type of violent crime that affects men and woman is domestic violence. According to Professor Lukenbill’s lecture, domestic violence used to be a major dilemma that many would be scared to express freely, but because of how strict society has become on the issue, it is slowly declining. For example, stricter laws have taken a threshold on cutting down unnecessary abuse. The authorities did not take this issue as seriously as they did then as they do now. The police would merely show up, ask what was wrong, and leave the premises. Presently, the police now have to arrest the suspect of the abuse without further notification. The arresting takes place in order to ensure the safety of the victimized spouse. Also, this is an example of how the law is stricter than ten years ago. Another reason for the decline of domestic abuse is the wider variety of job opportunities that women have today. In fact, since women now have more employment opportunities, they can fend for themselves and not feel...
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...Important terms from sociology related to crime: 1. Aggression: it is hostile, injurious, or destructive intended behavior directed towards harming or injuring another person or persons. Aggression results from anger, frustration, or even provocation. It can be expressed physically or communicated verbally or non-verbally through negative body language. There are two forms of aggression, hostile aggression- aggression that stems from angry feelings example a child throws a temper tantrum after her mom refuses to buy a candy. Instrumental aggression- it is a form of aggression resulted to achieve a goal. Example two children fighting over the same toy and one of them is hitting the other to take the toy. http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs70/f/2010/330/a/8/sociology___deviance_6_by_kanmuri_san-d33ofxl.png Citation: (Ritzer & Ryan, 2011, p. 9) 2. Capital punishment: it is a punishment of death for committing a serious crime. There are different methods of capital punishment like- disembowelment (example beheading ), electrocution (the electric chair), shooting, and also hanging, these are just a few ways, from which hanging is the most common form of death penalty. Capital punishment is legal in India. The most recent examples of death penalty in India being Ajmal kasab in 2012 and Afzal guru in 2013. Currently there are 135 countries that have abolished death penalty and around 62 countries including India that have retained...
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...Victimology Shawn Everett AIU Online Abstract This paper will discuss victimology, civil rights movement, children’s rights, crisis centers, and safe houses as well as list organizations and other resources. Victimology Victimology is considered the study of victimization which includes connections between both victim and the offender as well as the interactions between the victim and our criminal justice system which can include the police, courts, and correction officials. It’s also important to know that victimology is not limited to the connection between the victim, offender, and the criminal justice system, but it can also involve connections between social movements and many forms of human rights violations (Stevens, 2003). Victimology was born in the 1940’s after two criminologist from Europe named Von Hentig and Mendelson, also known as the fathers of victimology began studying victims of crimes. Their theory was that the victim’s behavior as well as their attitude was the cause of the crime to be committed. During its birth, the focus of victimology was on how the victims were equally responsible for certain crimes with the offender (Carson, 2009). By the 1960’s the focus of victimology shifted towards the rights of victims due to movements such as the Civil Rights movements and the feminist movements. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s victimology turned towards ways to stop future crimes from happening, help victims of crimes to become organized and empowered...
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...Is Sociology a Science? Intro: What is Science vs. what is Sociology? The term “science” refers the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. Objectivity is seen as an important part of the scientific process, and involves value freedom and open-mindedness. Sociology may want to be a science due to modernity and the rise of technology. Scientists may be interested in how individual’s actions are influenced by the rise of technology and the secularisation of religion. Thus they may conclude that the only way in which they can be studied is through observations and experiments, such as lab experiments; which take place in controlled factors with controlled factors, as Popper suggests, science involves the hypothetico-deductive method to test through research. Also positivists argue that it should be a science when studying social facts. Arguably, Sociology wouldn’t want to be seen as a science, as the association with science connotes that we are dealing with emotionless electrons and atoms, as opposed to people with feelings and emotions. Thus some would disagree with the idea that objectivity that is associated with studying people within society, which science influences, as we are people and we cannot disconnect ourselves from society. For example, it is not simple to disconnect yourself when studying a rape or murder case. Positivism is the...
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...Mashell Chapeyama Sociology Zimbabwe Scenario: There is male and female person who think that rape is as a result of women who dress indecently or who would have wanted to have sex with a person, but who may change their mind at the last minute. This then forces the male to force sex on the female. These two people are against the idea of people carrying out demonstrations against rape, since they believe that the reason why men rape is due to the provocations way in which ladies dress or portray themselves. Response Given the above situation where I have to respond, I would come up with varying points which I think cause men to rape women. The first thing I have to emphasize is that rape comes about as a result of various reasons, based on the unique circumstances and nature of the rapists. There is no one explanation of rape that applies to all. Firstly I concur that one of the reasons that may lead to rape is the indecent dressing by women. If women wear dresses that reveal their private parts or that reveals parts that are deemed to arouse sexual feelings then that may be a potential cause of rape. I would emphasize that how provocative women are believed to be depends on the cultural context in which the rape occurs. In my country, women used to wear long dresses that cover the person’s legs below the knees and the women’s breasts are not to be exposed. If now some women start wearing very short dresses now called mini-skirts that may assist in arousing men’s...
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...The nuclear contains a male and female that are usually husband and wife and in a sexual relationship. In a lot of societies sexual relationships with other people is forbidden or limited, this will prevent conflict. They live in the same house hold and have one or more children and can include adoptive children. (my sociology book) The Functionalist theory ignores anything bad or what is known as the dark side, this means they ignore domestic violence and child abuse, this is because the theory portrays the nuclear family as a perfect happy family. (sociology in focus) A social worker would need to be involved as it is their job to safeguard venerable adults and children. The social worker maybe able to help the adult move away to get out of the situation or sign post the person who is being violent to the correct place to get help. A child that is being abused would need to safeguard the child and take legal action to remove the child from harm. ( internet on phone) A functionalist view social workers as serving a role, so if a person has been socialised incorrectly then a social worker is doing their role to help them fit back into society. (orange book...
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...Investigate a Social Issue By: Your Name Professor Sociology 100 November 4, 2013 Introduction: Social Issue Early studies of political and economic change in the Less Developed Countries (LDC) say nothing about women’s issues. In the past decade different organizations focused around women have heightened awareness of how women play an important role in the political and economic development. Women are significant to the success of family planning programs, bear much of the responsibility for food production and account for an increasing share of wage labor in developing countries. Women are very aware of the consequences of environmental degradation and can contribute to the development of a vibrant, civil society and good governance. In spite of their important contributions, women lag behind men in access to health care, nutrition, and education while continuing to face difficult social, economic, and political barriers. Women’s lives in the developing world are consistently hard. Often female children are less valuable than male children, resulting in higher female infant and child death rates. Gender Inequalities: Sociological View Gender is a dimension of social organization, shaping how we interact with others and how we think about ourselves. Gender also involves hierarchy, ranking men and women differently in terms of power, wealth, and other resources. That is why sociologists speak of gender stratification, the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and...
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...) Rape Culture on College Campuses and Why it Prevails Rape has become a taboo topic. Sexual assault is sugar coated into something less disturbing and brutal than it actually is. But rape is rape: the act of male or female taking sexual control or dominance over a nonwilling participant. It does not matter whether or not people feels comfortable discussing the topic of rape. Uncomfortability does not make a problem disappear. It is possible that rape culture is ignored because no one knows a permanent solution for it. But not talking about it will not fix it. An environment where rape culture prevails is on college campuses. 1 in every 4 college students admit to being raped or sexually assaulted on campus, this number fails to include the thousands of rape victims whose stories are never heard. Rape culture prevails on college campus because only an estimated 35% of these victims’ abusers are dealt with. Of those, only an estimated 20 30% percent are dealt with severely. Colleges ignore the severity rape culture on campus because it is a problem that is extremely difficult to remedy, but ignoring a problem will not solve it. “Culture is vital to the human species, but some cultural patterns are destructive” (Herman 45). Rape culture occurs when a set of values or beliefs create an environment that is conducive to rape. Rape culture does not refer to an actual place or setting, but to a culture that directly and indirectly surrounds and supports rape. ...
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...Pro Choice Crystal Yelder 6-20-2011 Sociology 100 University Square I. Abortion: Pro Choice or Pro Life? II. Since a woman is the only one between a male and female to get pregnant and deliver a baby I think it’s her choice and her choice only as to whether she should carry her pregnancy full term or not. III. There are is more than one reason why a woman should choose to be pro-choice. A. She may be too young to adequately care for a child. Research shows that “the pregnancy rate among teenage girls in the United States has jumped for the first time in more than a decade, raising alarm that the long campaign to reduce motherhood among adolescents is faltering, according to a report released January 26, 2010.” “Teen pregnancy has long been one of the most pressing social issues and has triggered intense political debate over sex education, particularly whether the federal government should fund programs that encourage abstinence until marriage or focus on birth control.” B. She may have been raped. According to www.feminist.com[->0], in the year 2000 17.6 % of women in the United States have survived a completed or attempted rape. Of these, 21.6% were younger than age 12 when they were first raped, and 32.4% were between the ages of 12 and 17. Can you imagine if all those women became pregnant and were forced to carry the pregnancy full term? Research from www.Rainn.org[->1] shows...
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...for law enforcement officers, psychiatrists, and probation officers. However, even in a functionalist society, too much crime can be bad for the group, causing it to lose the standard harmony and ultimately causing the society to failure. Also it is suggested that the existence of crime is functional in its ability to gather families and communities together for a common purpose. Conflict theorists feel that crime is products of a struggle for power and control. According to a conflict theorist, a select few powerful individuals and groups make the laws, and those laws are enforced to outlaw any behavior that threatens their interests. The poor and powerless are much more likely to be arrested and convicted for serious crimes such as rape and murder, than the more powerful and wealthy are. The crime rate among the poor is so high because of a lack of...
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