Ethnicity
Stephen Lawrence (racial murder)
Victimology
Victimisation = when you make someone a victim, stop and search, police making people criminal.
Official Statisitics.
· Black people make up 3.5% of the population but make up 11% of the prison population.
Unfair Treatmeant and Racism
Reiner 2000- Canteen culture amongst the police, including: suspicion, macho valuse and racism. victimology - victim bias
Insitituational racism - Describes any kind of system of inequality based on race.
Phil Scraton and Kathryn Chadwick, apply this idea to the way that black people are treated as 'muggers' is conirmation of the assumption that immigrants belong to a culture of criminality. They argue that this view is prevalent in media coverage and political commentaries. They also argue that and ideological construction of black criminality have influence differential policing and discriminatory punishment in specific neighbourhoods. They argue that criminalisation goes hand in hand with marginalisation. That policing and the targeting of particular communities have marginalised black people.
Legitimate Opportunity- American Dream+
Illigitimate Opportunity- Merton
MacPherson Report (1999) Police institutionally racist
Waddinton 2004 - published in the british journal of criminology argues that the police do stop s proportionately higher number of blacks compared to whites. However, he argues that there are more ethnic minority youths out at night in inner cities and that the policcce simply target those in high risk areas. If the areas is disproportionatly represented by young black males they are more likey to be stopped and searched- because of where they are rather than their ethnicity.
How might the reasons below explain high criminality in Afro-Caribbeans?
Reason- Lack of education success.
Explanation- Frustration, achieving success through