There are many factors towards the birth rate and death rate; birth rate is the measurement of an area’s fertility. It is expressed as the number of live births per 1000 people in one year. Where as death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people in one year.

The birth rate is decreasing at a steady rate and there are many reasons for this. For example the decline in fertility began with the celebrated trial of two social reformers, Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant. They were prosecuted, and later acquitted, for publishing a book about contraceptive, the desire for smaller families at this time was due to the financial costs of looking after children. By 1940, the birth rate had fallen again to 14 per 1000, partly due to the uncertainties of war. Immediately following the war, birth rate rose for a short while (the postwar baby boom). However by 1980 birth rates had again fallen to 14 per 1000 and have remained at this level. The introduction of the oral contraceptive pill and the wider use of condoms have meant that the relationship between desired family size and achieved family size has remained strong. The rise in the importance of women in the employment structure of the UK in the last few decades, particularly in service industries, has further impacted on birth rates, particularly in the professional classes, this will lead towards a ageing population.
Religion is of major significance because both Islam and the Roman Catholic Church oppose the use of artificial birth control. However people will use contraceptive because they don’t want to get pregnant and women have more roles in society than a housewife, like different jobs and even women do a better job such as in school girls do much better than boys. Another key role is education, without education people will never learn but particularly for women the key is to lower fertility. With