...Multiculturalism as a whole has been compared and identified with diversity, which includes within it race, ethnicity, religion, language, class status, education, age, gender and sexual orientation, as well as other cultural aspects (APA, 2003). On a smaller scale, multiculturalism has been associated with majors cultural groups in the United States - Caucasian, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American (Arrendondo et al., 1996). There have been disagreements concerning whether the multicultural counseling competencies (MCC) should incorporate multiple aspects of identity such as gender, sexual orientation, age, etc., or whether race, ethnicity, and culture should be the focal point (Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). Some researchers argue that if only the cultural factors are taken into account within the ethical code, the diversity factors are at risk of becoming abandoned (Weinrach & Thomas, 2002). Coleman (2004), however, claims that throughout history the cultural aspect within the field of psychology has been highly abandoned, and that in fact the competencies mainly assist to promote case conceptualization and...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- <Faculty Name> <Grade Earned> <Writing Score> <Date Graded> ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Immigration has been one of the most argumentative issues. It offers a predominantly intense example of the sociopolitical context as defined by Merrial-Webster linking a mixture of social and political factors, such as laws, regulations, policies, practices, traditions, and ideologies. Nieto's explanation of diverse education in a sociopolitical framework speaks on the context of populations, and the procedure of education, in relationship to resistance as a stationary procedure Nieto & Bode, (2008). U.S. history is also immersed in slavery and invasion. Millions of families of Africans, American Indians, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and others colonized within and outside U.S. boundary have undergone political and economic oppression and, in schools, criticism of their native cultures and languages. But the history of racism and exploitation experienced by so many of our people, including their children, is rarely explained. Instead, conventional courses and teaching...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Diversity Issues in Career Counseling Abstract This paper will give a brief overview of how bias, assumptions and diversity can impact the career counseling relationship. The impact of values, bias, and the ability to move beyond barriers in the counseling relationship is essential to successful outcomes in working with clients. The rationale for the appropriateness of multicultural counseling competency and the impact of culture in the counseling process will be discussed as will multicultural counseling in the framework of career counseling. Culture & Counseling Counseling provides support, assistance and helps individuals to transition through developmental stages and life challenges. The study of human development, personality, psychopathology and multi-cultural issues in counseling has increased this writer’s awareness of the importance of counseling in the lives of human beings. According to Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, human beings share biological traits and characteristics that form the basis of the development of culture (Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, 1961). Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck further contend that people feel that their beliefs and values are normal and that other people’s values are abnormal or strange (Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, 1961). The counselor must be able to incorporate cultural values and norms of the client in the process of their approach in order to have successful outcomes. The self concept, worldview, life...
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...1.93% of higher education faculty believe critical thinking is an essential learning outcome. A 2005 report by the Association of American Colleges and Universities demonstrated the need for efforts to promote critical thinking by highlighting the disparity between the 93% of higher education faculty that perceive critical thinking to be an essential learning outcome and the 6% of undergraduate seniors that actually demonstrated critical thinking proficiency. Source: Ian J. Quitadamo and Martha J. Kurts, "Learning to Improve: Using Writing to Increase Critical Thinking Performance in General Education Biology,” CBE Life Sciences Education, Feb. 2007. 2.Critical thinking is considered the second most important life skill after interpersonal skill. In a 1994 survey of over 11,000 college graduates, the "ability to think critically” ranked as the second most important skill out of 16 in their daily life (#1 was interpersonal skills). Source: Cooperative Institutional Research Program, "1994 Nine Year Follow-Up Survey (of 1985 Freshmen),” Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, 1995. 3.Learning and discussing controversial issues in school helps students become more informed and more active citizens. A 2007 survey of 5,400 secondary students found that: "Students who regularly take part in classroom discussion are more likely to: •Vote in later life •Support basic democratic values •Take part in political discussions •Follow political news...
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...Value Chain Challenges Toyota has one of the most streamlined global value chains of any organization. Even so, the organization sees challenges when investing in different countries around the globe. Iran and Turkey will be evaluated as Toyota looks to expand into countries where they currently do not operate. The evaluation will include an analysis of the legal and ethical issues, political stability, financial considerations, infrastructure, geography, suppliers, manufacturers, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Legal and Ethical Issues Doing business in Iran is taken personal on every level; from government officials to working employees. Networking is usually done through friends and family. Asking for favors is never an issue as long as they can be repaid. Iran always has been seen as a security concern to the United States and other countries. Iran has been targeted by the Financial Action Task Force for money laundering and ties with Latin American countries. Speculation of Iran’s association with the Venezuelan government has Iran paying them to mine uranium for the Iranian government (Ethics World, 2010). Turkey is out to fix the corruption within its country by establishing harsher legal policies and regulation that allow the country’s businesses to meet EU standards of governance. Turkey’s new outlook on life can be summed up in a quote found on an international blog site, created by Aleksander Shkolnikov. “When governments are corrupt, there is less incentive...
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...The Latino or Hispanic is a term generally used to group the Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Central or South Americans. Though all of these individual ethnicities have very similar attributes and values, there are some various differences in where they come from, religious beliefs and social standings in the United States. The Mexican American was typically viewed as the person who came from Mexico to work, then return to Mexico to support his family. (Franklin, 2006) According to Franklin, the core of the Mexican American is the immediate and extended family. Many Mexican Americans tend to be very spiritual and deep into religion predominately the Catholic faith. Economically, the Mexican Americans income is steadily increasing but still remains lower than the Anglo Americans. (Hispanic Americans, 2006) The Mexican American population is growing in this country and they are not following the typical stereotype of coming to America to work the fields and return to Mexico. Many are staying and looking for permanent work in cities and education in our schools. They continue to practice their beliefs and hold the same religious and moral values as their Mexican ancestors. Puerto Ricans sometimes get grouped in with Mexicans because of the common Latin background. There is an obvious difference which is Puerto Ricans being from Puerto Rico. Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens since they are a territory of the U.S. One difference between Mexican and Puerto Rican households...
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...Health Promotions among Diverse Populations America has a population of wide diversity of racial or ethnic minorities. “According to the 2010 U.S. Census, approximately 36.3 percent of the population currently belongs to a racial or ethnic minority group: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian American, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC].) The narrative of this paper will take a closer look at the health of Hispanics or Latino population. The topics addressed will be the health status of Hispanics or Latino, Barriers to health and influencing factors, disparities that exits, and a health promotion approach. The Hispanic or Latino group is by “The OMB definition of Hispanic or Latino origin refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.” (Edelman, 2014). Hispanic/Latino make up for being one of the largest ethnic minority and quickly growing in the US. Poverty and lack of education or some crucial factors that affect the ability to provide health promotion within this culture. In 2009 the poverty rate for Hispanics increased to 25.3%, from 2008 which was at 23.2%, (Edelman, 2014). Poverty can cause poor health. Poverty can result in depression, high stress which can affect a person’s long term health. Lack of money decrease a diet of nutrition and healthy food...
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...Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists American Psychological Association Approved as APA Policy by the APA Council of Representatives, August, 2002 Copyright, American Psychological Association, 2002 Author Note: This document was approved as policy of the American Psychological Association (APA) by the APA Council of Representatives in August, 2002. This document was drafted by a joint Task Force of APA Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology) and 45 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues). These guidelines have been in the process of development for 22 years, so many individuals and groups require acknowledgement. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for the present document included Nadya Fouad, PhD, Co-Chair, Patricia Arredondo, EdD, Co-Chair, Michael D’Andrea, EdD and Allen Ivey, EdD. These guidelines build on work related to multicultural counseling competencies by Division 17 (Sue et al., 1982) and the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development (Arredondo et al., 1996; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Task Force acknowledges Allen Ivey, EdD, Thomas Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue, PhD for their leadership related to the work on competencies. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for these guidelines was assisted in reviewing the relevant literature by Rod Goodyear, PhD, Jeffrey S. Mio, PhD, Ruperto (Toti) Perez, PhD, William Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue...
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...multicultural education back to the social action of African Americans and other people of color who challenged discriminatory practices in public institutions during the civil rights struggles of the 1960s (Banks, 1989; Davidman & Davidman, 1997). Among those institutions specifically targeted were educational institutions, which were among the most oppressive and hostile to the ideals of racial equality. Activists, community leaders, and parents called for curricular reform and insisted on a reexamination of hiring practices. Both, they demanded, should be more consistent with the racial diversity in the country. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the women's rights movement joined this push for education reform. Women's rights groups challenged inequities in employment and educational opportunities as well as income, identifying education as a primary contributing factor in institutionalized and systemic sexism. Feminist scholars and other women activists, like groups of color before them,...
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...lived among people who speak a certain language variation, such as what people commonly refer to as “standard English,” she or he might mistake somebody’s use of a different variation, such as the Appalachian variety spoken by my grandmother, as an indication of intellectual inferiority or, worse, deviance (Collins, 1988). Over the past ten or so years a critical discourse challenging the deficit perspective has emerged among educators. Some insist that “every student is gifted and talented.” Others urge us to “find the gift in every child”; to “focus on student strengths.” Unfortunately, like many discourses in the education milieu, the one surrounding the deficit perspective occurs largely outside of what Nieto and Bode (2008) call the sociopolitical context of schooling, “the unexamined ideologies and myths that shape...
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...Organization (WHO) describes health promotion as allowing society to control elements of personal health, through intelligent, healthy decisions. Health promotion improves the resourcefulness of people to be accountable, and the capacity of organizations and communities to guide the determinants of health. Due to the multitude of determinants of health, health promotion needs cooperation of community and healthcare professionals (Jadelhack, 2012). Health promotion is a planned activity intended to create health, or illness-related learning. Health promotion could also be viewed as an addition to, or stand-in for, an older attempt on the prevention of disease (Tengland, 2010). Health promotion, unlike disease prevention, attempts to modify sociopolitical factors, contesting societal norms. It intends to enable the worst off, providing resources to modify their lives, providing some societal equality. Empowerment is a strategy that starts from the bottom and works its way up to the more fortunate. The terms health promotion and disease prevention allude to skilled actions. Health promotion implies a profession, and is viewed to as overly medically oriented, overly dependent upon prevention, displacement of risk and healthcare (Tengland, 2010). Nursing roles and responsibilities are evolving in health care. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) (2009) showed that health-improving methods carried out by nurses practicing within various contexts offer perfect circumstances for health promotion...
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...the nation for one of the largest school districts. They have 205 schools and about 125,000 students. They have approximately 18,000 employees that work for the school. The budget annually is $1.6 billion, and the school district caters to a socially inclusive student population. Prince George's County Public Schools are known for their innovative programs. The Prince George's County Public Schools believes that incorporating a multicultural education program in the schools creates and promotes an understanding of the diverse population of students that they have. The school that I work in Patuxent Elementary school is a community school that opened its doors in 1958. The student population shows the big cultural, ethnic, and social diversity of the community. This is a great mixture of different cultures which gives all the students an opportunity to learn about people from the different parts of the world that are represented in the school. The school creates an environment where all students will have the opportunity to achieve their full...
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...Hispanic Americans Pamela M. Nelams ETH/125 - CULTURAL DIVERSITY May 7, 2011 DENISE LANGDON In the United States there it is reported that, Mexican Americans make up 10.3% of the United States' population with over 31,689,000 Americans listed as of Mexican ancestry. Mexican Americans comprise 66% of all Hispanics and Latinos. The common language spoken among the Mexican Americans is Spanish as the first language and English as their secondary language. For most Mexican Americans especial those that or illegal find themselves living below the economic standards because they have to take low paying jobs and even those that are here legal also deal with low paying jobs and discrimination on the job. Most Mexican Americans have taken on blue-collar jobs such as gardeners, truck drives, and construction works and are making minimal pay. Most Mexican Americans have maintained their religious back ground of Catholic faith. Their family’s ties are based on a system of mutual dependence and respect for elders which created a close-knit family unit. Family honor and unity were of paramount significance. If problems arose for individual members, the immediate or extended family could be relied upon to resolve the issue. Important decisions were always made with first consideration given to the needs of the group rather than the individual. (Robert R. Alvarez, Jr., The Hispanic American Almanac, p. 171). According to the 2010 U.S. census 75 % of Puerto Ricans identify themselves...
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...difference between Neoclassical Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics, and Natural Resource Economics. The three approaches originate from three different schools of thought. Broadly, Neoclassical Environmental Economics (NEE) is the opposite of the Ecological Economics (EE), and Natural Resource Economics (NRE) lies somewhere between them. Let’s begin with the opposing views. Field states, ‘Environmental Economics is the application of the principles of economics to the study of how environmental resources are managed. (Field & Field 2013:2). In gist, NEE is an Anthropospheric view of the environment through micro and macro-economic principles and sociopolitical influences that ignores the other spheres of life. The environment, is a subsystem of economics and has no intrinsic value. It is merely a factor of production, and only manufactured goods/services have an intrinsic value. EE, on the other hand, is a holistic approach, broader in scope, concerned with the supply and demand of energy and matter within the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere - where contrastingly, the Anthroposphere is the subsystem. EE claims that NEE is totally dependent on the environment and that residuals and pollution are disruptive to natural processes and diminishes the earth’s bio-capacity. Environmental Economics’ primary focus is to manage the environment to supply services and goods in exchange for money (MO 2015 quoting Tietenberg 2014:7) whereas EE serves...
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...The Power of the Cultural Globalization: Taiwanese Pop Music in China In recent years, much of the most popular music and artists in China and throughout the Chinese-speaking world (Singapore, Hong Kong, overseas Chinese, and, to a certain extent, Malaysia) have come from Taiwan. Even in non-Chinese-speaking countries throughout the Asia-Pacific region (such as Japan, Korea, and Indonesia), Taiwanese pop culture is becoming increasingly trendy and fashionable. This has happened despite significant challenges that Taiwan faces due to its unique political situation and is a testament that the pillar of cultural globalization has to the power to transcend national boundaries. In fact, Taiwan’s success in media and entertainment is bringing Taiwan and China far closer together than political and economic means have over the past six decades. Since China began opening up to the world in the 1980s, mainland Chinese have been more receptive to music from other parts of the Chinese-speaking world, in spite of cultural and political differences. Nowhere is this more obvious than the vociferous consumption of Taiwanese pop culture, particularly its music. According to Baidu, China’s top search engine, 12 of the Top 25 singles in China in December 2007 were from Taiwan, including seven songs in the Top 10. Another seven were by artists from Hong Kong and Singapore. Only eight songs on the list were from mainland artists. One potential reason for this success is Taiwan’s relative...
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