...hallucination and self-mutilation) and treatments (such as hypnosis, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, somatic treatment and integration treatment) of dissociative identity disorder (DID) will be further discussed. II. Symptoms that may experienced by patients with DID. A. Loss of memory. 1. Memory deviation. 2. Various personality states have various memory fragments. B. Hallucinations. 1. Auditory hallucinations. 2. Visual hallucinations. C. Suicidal tendencies. 1. Terminate uncomfortable feeling. 2. High tolerance to endure pain. III. Treatments that may used for patients with DID. A. Hypnosis 1. Increase information about each identity state. 2. Control...
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...countertransference. When exposed to this type of trauma, people need to identify and deal with their own emotional reactions and how this relates to their own experiences. As well as modulate their feelings and organize their thinking (Geller, Madsen, & Ohrenstein, 2004). The capacity to empathize, to feel with another person is the focal point of psychotherapy (McCann & Pearlman, 1990). That being the case, clinicians need to learn how to think clearly, modulate their emotions, feel effective when working with clients and maintain help that they are going to be effective. But, if the clinician is put into these states of stress by virtue of listening to others, they may feel inclined to withdraw from their clients (Geller et. al, 2004). When creating a psychotherapeutic relationship between a therapist and a client one approach that is considered as compatible with our theories and clinical foundations is that of the mindfulness based approach. According to Germer (2005), there are two general approaches that clinicians have applied in their clinical work. That of being mindful in psychotherapy and mindfulness – based psychotherapy (Turner, 2008). These two approaches have been shown to be effective and beneficial when in a therapeutic environment. Through...
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...A therapeutic crossroads My client is a young woman, white, middle-class and well-educated. She came into therapy because she feels unable to proceed in any direction with her work life, or make meaningful contact with anyone apart from her partner; she has been very unhappy for a long, long time. In sessions, she often lapses into silence, unable to move or speak. Sometimes we can talk around this, and it soon became clear to both of us that this state reflects her inner relationship with her mother. She knows that her parents love her, and she loves them; but she grew up without really questioning that how she thinks, feels and acts must match what her mother expects and can cope with. Otherwise, and particularly if anger is involved, she is overwhelmed with foreboding and terrible guilt. Coming into therapy has brought these dangerous feelings to the fore; but it is as though I am her mother, and so she cannot speak. As I sit with my client in her agony of self-consciousness, I have a choice to make. I could introduce an active mode of therapy. We could take her mother out of me and put her on a cushion where, with my encouragement, she might be able to develop communication back and forth. Alternatively, we might explore the acute bodily tensions that are part of her paralysed state, to help her give voice to what they are mutely saying. I would be taking the choice of standing alongside my client so that we could face her problems together. We would be locating those problems...
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...section 12 (1) (a)(b) (3), for private study only by students. STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE: COUNSELLING METHODS 1 2 Table of contents How this guide works ........................................................................................................................ 10 Module Readings .............................................................................................................................. 11 Prescribed text book ......................................................................................................................... 11 Prescribed and recommended readings ........................................................................................... 11 Session One: An Overview of Theories of Psychotherapy and Counselling ..................................... 14 Reading for the session ................................................................................................................. 14 Prescribed ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Recommended .............................................................................................................................. 14 Description of the session...
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...contact. Wash with water for 15 minutes in case of skin or eye contact. | 0.15 M CTAC | Harmful if swallowed. Risk of serious damage to eyes. Irritating to skin. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. | Avoid contact or ingestion. Wash immediately with water in case of contact. Rinse mouth and drink plenty of water in case of ingestion. | 0.15 M BDAC | Causes severe skin burn and eye damage. Toxic if swallowed. Causes toxicity to aquatic life. | Avoid contact and ingestion. Do not dispose down the drain. | 0.01 M NaBH4 | Corrosive to skin and eye. | Avoid contact. | 0.004 M AgNO3 | Hazardous to skin and eye and in case of ingestion. | Avoid contact, ingestion. | 0.10 M Ascorbic acid | Mild irritant to skin and eye. Mutagen to mammalian somatic cells. | Avoid contact. | Materials: * M HAuCl4, 0.20 M CTAB, CTAC, BDAC, 0.01 M NaBH4, 0.004 M AgNO3 and 0.10 M Ascorbic acid. Procedure: Seed Solution: * Add 5 mL 0.20 M CTAB solution to 5 mL 0.0005 M HAuCl4 and stir the mixture well. * Add 0.60 mL ice-cold 0.01 M NaBH4 to the stirred solution and further stir the solution vigorously for 2 minutes. * After stirring, store the solution at 25°C. Growth Solution: * To 5 mL 0.001 M HAuCl4 add 5 mL surfactant mixture containing 0.015 M CTAB, 0.015 M BDAC and 0.015M CTAC. * Mix the solutions well and keep at 25°C. * Add 200 μL of 0.004 M AgNO3 to the solution and mix them. * Add 6 μL of 0.01 M ascorbic acid. GNR synthesis: * Add 10 μL of the seed...
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...According to Goldberg and Goldberg (2013), psychoanalysis during the first part of the twenty century focused on the facet of intrapersonal methodology. This approach to therapy provided treatment to an individual that did not include his or family members or any associations that family members or any other individuals will have in the occurrence of the problem. Psychotherapy were more focused on getting the client to “explore their unconscious fantasy world” (Goldberg and Goldberg, 2013, p. 16). According to this approach of therapy, an individual has succeeded or failed at an event, usually failed. Because of this failure, a behavioral response to the result of the event takes place. Anticipation of success along with feelings such as pride, guilt, and shame, together define consequent conduct. Therapists who have treated individuals through the intrapersonal approach were more focused on reinforcing the client’s ability to distinguish “self” from the “problem” and how to make a distinction between each. Once this was achieved the therapist next step was to get the client to accept full responsibility for his or her decisions that were made in their life. As time progressed therapists began to alter their beliefs that an individual was solely responsible for his or her behaviors. Their focus began to shift from intrapersonal to interpersonal approach. Interpersonal approach takes into account the behavior of the individual as well as the individual family members...
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...When I think of the family unit, I think of it as the fundamental building block to society. The family unit is so valuable that it deserves to be nurtured and protected. When families become entangled in generational sins or dismantled from chaotic upheavals, they are giving Satan a foothold to wreak havoc, (whether they know it or not). Focusing on the family can be a powerful tool to therapeutic healing because a healthy family respects one another, communicates well, supports one another, and even solves their problems. From Stan’s genogram you get a vivid picture of sin being passed down from generation to generation. I like how each member of the family is brought into the therapeutic session because it opens the door for the therapist to see how Stan’s family interacts with one another. For example, Stan’s father comes on a bit strong, he portrays himself as tough. Dr. Corey reframes Frank’s words, making them a bit more gracious. Dr. Corey continues around the room establishing a relationship with each person while listening to each person’s story and picking up cues or sequences along the way. I think this structure seems very sound; I love how it holds fast to remaining positive even when the client(s) appear to be negative. This positive attitude will hopefully be caught by the client(s) and begin to change the atmosphere of the therapeutic session(s). In my eyes, the two theories that appear to be the least beneficial are Psychoanalytic therapy and Feminist therapy...
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...Running head: COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Abstract Counseling has been in existence from the beginning of time. From Jethro to Freud, therapists and philosophers have been seeking insight into the core of human nature and cognitions. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT) recognizes that faulty cognitions and beliefs affect the behaviors of individuals. One method of cognitive-behavior therapy, reality therapy, incorporates the concepts of free choice and personal responsibility that are taught both in Scripture and Dr. William Glasser’s choice theory. Other aspects of CBT, such as cognitive restructuring and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), also work towards eliminating negativistic attitudes of clients in exchange for more effective and realistic methods for interpreting the situations experienced in daily life. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy It is suggested that an individual’s personality is a complex system of cognition, emotion, will, physiology, and spirituality. Hawkins proposes nine aspects of the human self to be active influences on one’s personality: “body, cognition, feelings, volition, human spirit, Holy Spirit, sin/flesh/SAS, temporal systems, and spiritual systems (Hawkins COUN507_BO1_200920). Each therapist individually determines what factors they believe to make up a person’s being. Larry Crabb views humans as involving both the physical and spiritual aspects of man...
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...Approaches to Psychotherapy and Existential Theory Bonnie Cole Abstract This paper seeks to explain the concept of psychotherapy, and the dominant psychotherapeutic methods used for the treatment of individuals. These methods are: psychoanalytic, humanist, behavioral, and cognitive (jointly called cognitive-behavioral therapy, or CBT). I further explore existential psychotherapy, as it is the method I found most appealing in my research. I included quotations from several journal articles, and from our textbook, “Discovering Psychology, Fifth Edition”. Approaches to Psychotherapy and Existential Theory Psychotherapy is an official term that normally goes by different names: counseling, treatment, psychiatric therapy, even head shrinking. They all mean the same thing, and have a common goal. Psychotherapy seeks, through the use of trained professionals, to help individuals improve their mental health using a variety of different approaches. A much more comprehensive definition can be found in the textbook Discovering Psychology, Fifth Edition, which states that psychotherapy is: “The treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage understanding of problems and modify troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships”...
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...Case Study of George Nekisha Riley Kaplan University HN450: Legal and Ethical Issues in Human Services Professor Diane Berry Decemeber 27, 2013 After reading the case study of George, it appears that George is depressed. George is also grieving his wife’s death, which he had been married to for 50 years. When reading the case study, it talked about how George’s father had committed suicide when he was younger. So as a counselor, you have to take into consideration that George may have never had a chance to talk to anyone about this personal issue. In this paper, I will discuss ethical concerns, goals, treatment plan, and support systems for George. When working with George, my ethical concern would be confidentiality. Michael, his son, is the one who has brought George to the counseling session. Confidentiality is the ethical duty of fulfilling the promise that the client’s information received during therapy is not disclosed without permission (Corey, Corey, & Callanan, 2011). When discussing the breach of confidentiality, you have to make sure you cover all grounds. I would think that Michael would want to know things about the counseling session, but as a counselor you have to keep in mind that permission needs to be granted from George. Breaching confidentiality can harm the counseling relationship and potentially the client (Corey, Corey, & Callanan, 2011). With George not talking that much in the first session, we want to start building his trust...
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...What is online therapy? People who receive therapy vary widely in their problems and their motivations to solve them. The most obvious candidates for therapy are individuals experiencing sudden and highly stressful situations such as a divorce or unemployment, people who feel overwhelmed by the crisis conditions in which they find themselves that they cannot manage on their own. The people typically feel quite vulnerable and tend to be open to therapy because they are motivated to alter their present intolerable mental states. Some people enter therapy somewhat as a surprise to themselves. Many people entering therapy have experienced long-term psychological distress and have had lengthy histories of maladjustment. They have had interpersonal problems, such as an inability to be comfortable with intimacy, or they may have felt as though susceptible to low moods that are difficult from them to dispel. Individuals with chronic unhappiness and inability to feel confident and secure may prompt them to seek outside help. Some people who enter therapy have problems that would be considered relatively normal. That is, they appear to have achieved success, have financial stability, have generally accepting and loving families, and have accomplished many of their life goals. They enter therapy not out of personal despair or impossible interpersonal involvements, but out of a sense that they have not lived up to their own expectations and realized their own potential. There are several...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the Therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Contents Introduction Carl Rogers. Background and Influences Theoretical Constructs Strengths and Weaknesses Conclusion Notes References Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the viability of Person-Centred Therapy as an exclusive method of treatment for clients. Without an appreciation of this approach it would be difficult to judge the merits of the claim as laid out in the main essay title. Therefore I will begin with an introduction to Carl Rogers, his background and influences. In this essay I will explore the main theoretical constructs. Following on from this I will look at the advantages of this approach and consider its success in treating psychological disorders. Although Carl Rogers inspired many, he was not without his Critics. Therefore I will include the difficulties and doubts expressed by other Practitioners in order to get an opposing viewpoint. I will end with my evaluation of the claim itself and the reasons why I have arrived at my conclusions. Carl Rogers Background and Influences Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, Chicago, in 1902. His parents were middle-class, respectable and hard-working. His Father was a Civil Engineer and his Mother a stay-at-home housewife. Carl was the fourth child in a family of six children. Rogers’...
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...What is Gestalt Therapy? http://www.westhartfordcounselingcenter.com/gestalt.html Gestalt therapy is a type of therapy used to deepen our awareness of ourselves and our feelings in a less intellectual manner than the more traditional forms of therapy. "Gestalt" means the whole; it implies wholeness. In any experience or interaction there are feelings in the foreground and in the background. The idea in Gestalt therapy is that all of us have had to repress or supress aspects of ourselves because they were not accepted or supported. It is these aspects of ourselves or our feelings that end up in the background and can become unfinished business. Gestalt therapy can help shed light on unfinished business by helping us to focus our awareness on our feelings (or lack of feelings) moment to moment. Once we recognize our unfinished business,( i.e. uncomfortable feelings, stuck patterns of behavior, or ways in which we perceive ourselves and others that are based on our experiences as opposed to reality), we are better equipped to understand ourselves and to choose whether we want to make changes or not. [pic] One method utilized in Gestalt therapy is the empty-chair technique. This is a simple tool in self-exploration and is clearly explained in an excerpt taken from the Internet. When you go see a Gestalt therapist, the office will usually have an extra chair--an empty chair. This chair serves an important function. The therapist may ask you to imagine holding...
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...EVANGELICAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OSIJEK, CROATIA ANALYSIS OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF CARL ROGERS’ CLIENT – CENTRED THERAPY COURSE: Individual Counseling PROFESSOR: dr. Sc. Zoran Vargović STUDENT: Damir Pil YEAR OF STUDY: 2nd – Mth DATE: 29th May 2012 1 CONTENT Introduction............................................................................................................................. ............... 3 I Rogers’ Theory of Personality .................................................................................................. ..........4 Organismic Valuing Process........................... ....................................................................4 a. The Structure and Dynamics of Personality.............................................................5 b. Self – Actualization..................................................................................................6 II Relationship between Therapist and the Client in Client – Centred Therapy.............................7 Introduction to Rogers’ General Hypothesis ...............................................................................7 Conditions of Worth.....................................................................................................................9 a. Core Conditions................................................................................ ....................... 10 III Biblical Perspective on Person – Centred Counselling...........
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...Axia College Material Appendix D Psychotherapy Matrix Directions: Review Module 36 of Psychology and Your Life. Select three approaches to summarize. Include examples of the types of psychological disorders appropriate for each therapy. |{Insert type of therapy approach} |{Insert type of therapy approach} |{Insert type of therapy approach} | |Summary of |aversive conditioning, a form of therapy |Behavioral treatment approaches it builds on the earning |systematic desensitization, | |Approach |that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by |behavioral treatment approaches make this fundamental |gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is | | |pairing an aversive, |assumption helps cope with there learning skilss and how |paired with relaxation to | | |unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior. |to deal with problems |extinguish the response of anxiety | | |Although aversion therapy works reasonably well in | | | | |inhibiting substanceabuse | ...
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