...aparawira@yahoo.co.uk. Tel: +250785561670. Accepted 2 July, 2010 Biodiesel has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and from animal fat. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, a multipurpose plant, contains high amount of oil in its seeds which can be converted to biodiesel. J. curcas is probably the most highly promoted oilseed crop at present in the world. The availability and sustainability of sufficient supplies of less expensive feedstock in the form of vegetable oils, particularly J. curcas and efficient processing technology to biodiesel will be crucial determinants of delivering a competitive biodiesel. Oil contents, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition of J. curcas reported in literature are provided in this review. The fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel are comparable to those of fossil diesel and confirm to the American and European standards. The objective of this review is to give an update on the J. curcas L. plant, the production of biodiesel from the seed oil and research attempts to improve the technology of converting vegetable oil to biodiesel and the fuel properties of the Jatropha biodiesel. The technological methods that can be used to produce biodiesel are presented together with their advantages and disadvantages. The use of lipase as biotechnological solution to alkali and acid...
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...data gathered. Introduction The study is about ‘Aratilis Ointment’. The raw material is the herbal plant, Aratilis which will become a form of ointment after processing. Aratilis (Muntingia Calabura known in the Philippines as “aratilis”, “aratiles” or “saresa”) is a widely cultivated fruit-bearing tree which is abundant in tropical countries such as the Philippines. It strives in soil despite of acidity rates that most plants can’t survive on and normally grows in roadsides, open grasslands, mountains, and backyards- almost anywhere in every province in the archipelago. It is a small tree 7–12 meters tall with tiered and slightly drooping branches. It has serrated leaves 2.5–15 cm long and 1–6.5 cm wide. The flowers are small, white and slightly malodorous. It gives rise to 1–1.5 cm light red fruit. The fruit is edible, sweet and juicy, and contains a large number of tiny (0.5 mm) yellow seeds. It is a pioneer species that thrives in poor soil, able to tolerate acidic and alkaline conditions and drought. Its seeds are dispersed by birds and fruit bats. It is cultivated for its edible fruit, and has become naturalized in some other parts of the tropics, including southeastern Asia. As a pioneer plant, it could help condition the soil and make it habitable to other plants. However, it might also be considered as an invasive species since it might out-compete indigenous plants.1 ARATILES Muntingia Calabura is the one of herbal medicine...
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...Essential Oils and Plant Extracts Five-Year R&D Plan 2008 – 2013 RIRDC Shaping the future Essential Oils and Plant Extracts Five-Year R&D Plan 2008 to 2013 May 2008 RIRDC Publication No 08/053 © 2008 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 642 0 ISSN 1440-6845 Essential Oils and Plant Extracts R&D Five-Year Plan 2008–2013 Publication No. 08/053 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Organization is viewed as a group of persons for achieving its goals. The study about organization is termed as organization study. Organization affects the quality of human life in modern society. The study of organization is thus very essential for understanding the behaviour of human being. Organization can be studied in two perspectives that are micro and macro. In micro perspective, the focus of study is on individuals. It concerns itself with each individual’s psychological makeup, his interaction with other individuals and groups. The micro view of individuals in organization is recognized as a discipline called organizational behaviour. The macro view considers organization as the unit of analysis in place of an individual. It is concerned with organization as the unit of analysis in place of an individual. It is concerned with organizational goals, organizational structure, technologies used in organization and how organization interact with the environment. The macro perspective is recognized as a discipline called organizational theory. Both these aspects taken together to present a complete picture of organizational study. The organization study is a relevant part of our MBA program; this would enable to meet and attain a practical and real time feed of various aspects concern and to relate it to be concept and theory studies in the classroom. This exercise would help the future managers to meet the challenges lying...
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...The Beneficial Uses of Hemp Following my father's death, I felt there was some unfinished business that we had not discussed. I searched to find some of my father's thoughts and feeling that I could justify our relationship through. Ironically, I came across a manila envelope, which had contained some of his prized possessions. As I searched through it, I developed a new opinion of the bio mass plant called "Hemp." There were articles showing a hemp bills being passed and farmers wanting to cultivate it within Delta County. There was also a book called "The Emperor Wears No Clothes." It was a book stating compelling facts about the miracle crop Hemp." An article struck me. It told of, Woody Harrison, a well-known actor stating, "He would pick up the tab for Colorado's first hemp crop if state legislators approve the crop." He also stated that you could smoke a pound of it and not get high. (Rice)" In addition 4.6 million members of the American Farm Bureau Federation support Hemp 100 percent. Hemp could be the most abundant natural resource, it can replace 80% of our fossil fuels, and be used for many major medicinal purposes (Kriho). It is essential that we stop the use of all fossil fuels, and deforestation to save Mother Earth. This can be accomplished with the cannabis plant hemp seizing pollution and provide the world with more than enough of its energy needs. According to Jack Herer, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, we're not only the founders of our...
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...(Author's version) Heating effects on some quality characteristics of date seed oil Besbes Souhail1, Blecker Christophe3, Deroanne Claude3, Lognay Georges4, Nour-Eddine Drira2, Hamadi Attia1 1 Unité Analyses Alimentaires, Département de biologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route de Soukra B.P. W., 3038 Sfax, Tunisie. 2 Laboratoire de biotechnologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Route de Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisie. 3 Unité de Technologie des Industries Agro-alimentaires, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique. 4 Unité de Chimie Générale et Organique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique. Abstract: Effects of heating on some quality characteristics of date seed oil from two cultivars (Deglet Nour and Allig) has been investigated using an accelerated test in a Rancimat system. Fatty acid, viscosity, absorptivity at 232 and 270 nm, colour and total melting enthalpy of Deglet Nour seed oil were less changed compared to that of Allig seed oil, because the former contained a higher amount of total phenolic compounds (526 µg/g against 215 µg/g) and a lower content of unsaturated fatty acids. Viscosity and absorptivity at 232 nm and at 270 nm increased rapidly after reaching the oxidation induction time. Differential scanning calorimetry melting profiles of date seed oils were also changed after heating in the...
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...Introduction Moringa oleifera is a soft wood small evergreen growing plant that has various uses. It is a vital plant in India, Ethiopia, Sudan, Philippine and Pakistan (Villafuerte & Abonal, 2009). The plant is also grown in East, West and South Africa. All its parts scientifically prove to be edible. The leaves are rich in beta-carotene, vitamins and essential amino acids (Holts, 2011). The leaves also have anti-microbial and antioxidant properties. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it good for fever and wounds treatment. Its extracts are used to treat oxidative stress-mediated diseases and photo aging. The plant is used in cosmetic industries for its incredible beauty properties. It is used in sunscreen creams and anti-aging products. It also makes the skin glow. Drugs are extracted from the leaves, by grounding them. The drugs are used to treat a broad range of diseases, include HIV, diuretic, diabetes, arthritis, anemia, herpes simplex and bronchitis (Holts, 2011). The powder of Moringa oleifera is used as tea. The powder is filled in tea bags and used for tea. All parts of this plant are useful to the human. For drugs to be effective, they must reach their targeted organs before they disintegrate. The gastrointestinal tract has different acids and alkaline elements that could disintegrate the drugs before reaching their destination. Most drugs that are colon targeted must be bind by an element that can withstand the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract...
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...ACCEPTABILITY OF SUNFLOWER PETAL TEA AMONG SELECTED FACULTY AND STAFF IN CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY MICAH ANGELICA P. AGONOY JENNYLYNNE L. LUBRIN An undergraduate research submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Hospitality Management, College of Home Science and Industry, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the requirements for the subject Methods of Research (HRM335) BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT March 2012 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author was born the zodiac sign of Virgo on September 17, 1992 in Tondod, San Jose City, Nueva Ecija to Mr. Wilfredo S. Agonoy and Mrs. Norma P. Agonoy. She is the 2nd among the 3 sibling. She finished her primary education in 2005 at Cherubim Learning Center and her secondary education at Bettbien High School 2009. Her mother advice her to engage in nursing but she didn’t put attention because of fears in life. Her passion in cooking led her taking up Bachelor of Science Hotel and Restaurant Management at Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija. Her dream is to study in Treston College for a culinary arts and looking forward in becoming a chef in the next few years. MICAH ANGELICA P. AGONOY iii iii BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author was born the zodiac sign of Scorpio on October 27, 1991 in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija to Mr. Felimon D. Lubrin and Mrs...
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...http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Sunflower-Petal-As-Tea/131073 Sunflower Petal as Tea ACCEPTABILITY OF SUNFLOWER PETAL TEA AMONG SELECTED FACULTY AND STAFF IN CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY MICAH ANGELICA P. AGONOY JENNYLYNNE L. LUBRIN An undergraduate research submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Hospitality Management, College of Home Science and Industry, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the requirements for the subject Methods of Research (HRM335) BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT March 2012 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author was born the zodiac sign of Virgo on September 17, 1992 in Tondod, San Jose City, Nueva Ecija to Mr. Wilfredo S. Agonoy and Mrs. Norma P. Agonoy. She is the 2nd among the 3 sibling. She finished her primary education in 2005 at Cherubim Learning Center and her secondary education at Bettbien High School 2009. Her mother advice her to engage in nursing but she didn’t put attention because of fears in life. Her passion in cooking led her taking up Bachelor of Science Hotel and Restaurant Management at Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija. Her dream is to study in Treston College for a culinary arts and looking forward in becoming a chef in the next few years. MICAH ANGELICA P. AGONOY iii iii BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author was born the zodiac sign of Scorpio on October...
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...object of selling them at a profit. Business concerns with buying and selling goods, manufacturing goods or providing services in order to earn profit. What is agribusiness : The word agriculture indicate plowing a field, planting seed, harvesting a crop, milking cows, or feeding livestock. Until recently, this was a fairly accurate picture. But to days’ agriculture is radically different. Agriculture has evolved in to agribusiness and has become a vast and complex system that reaches for beyond the farm to include all those who are involved in bringing food and fiber to consumers. Agribusiness include not only those that farm the land but also the people and firms that provide the inputs (for ex. Seed, chemicals, credit etc.), process the output (for ex. Milk, grain, meat etc.), manufacture the food products (for ex. icc cream, bread, breakfast cereals etc.), and transport and sell the food products to consumers (for ex. restaurants, supermarkets). Agribusiness system has undergone a rapid transformation as new industries have evolve and traditional farming operations have grown larger and more specialized. The transformation did not happen over night, but came slowly as a response to a variety of forces. Knowing something about how agribusiness came about makes...
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...Technological University Ahmadabad March-2012 Students’ Declaration We, __________________________________, hereby declare that the report for global country report entitled “______________________________”in (Name of the country) is a result of our own work and our indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly acknowledged. Place : …….. (Signature) Date : (Name of Student) ------------------------------------------------------ Institute’s Certificate “Certified that this Global /Country Study and Report Titled “……………… ……………” is the bonafide work of Mr./ Ms……… …………………….. (Enrollment No………..), who carried out the research under my supervision. I also certify further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate. Signature of the Faculty Guide (Name and Designation of Guide) (Certificate is to be countersigned by the Director/HoD) _______________________________________________________ Demographics of Argentina | Population of Argentina, 1961–2010 | Population: | 40,091,359 (2010 census [INDEC])[1] | Growth rate: | 1.036% (2010 est.)[2] | Birth rate: | 17.75 births/1,000 population...
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...Cupcake in the field and practical issues beyond the textbooks, internet, patiently corrected our writing and financially supported our research. We would also like to thank Menchie Hermones, and Ludy Balagosa, for guiding our research for the past several weeks and helping us to develop our background in biochemistry. We would like to thank our Classmates, who as a good friend, was always willing to help and give their best suggestions. It would have been a lonely lab without them. We would also like to thank our parents, two elder sisters, and elder brother. They were always supporting us and encouraging us with their best wishes. We give thanks to God almighty for giving us the understanding, knowledge and wisdom during the course of our study. Finally, we would like to thank our classmate Auntie, Sally Barral. She was always there cheering us up and stood by us through the good times and bad. Dedication We dedicate my dissertation work to our family and many friends. A special feeling of gratitude to our loving parents, Michelle’s Parents, Modie and Victor Flores, Niela’s Parents, Majacel and Lucito Berlanas, Claire’s Parents, Loida and Joselito Garcia, Bea’s Parents, Liza and Annie Cata, whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in our ears. Our...
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...VEGETABLES AND FRUITS INTRODUCTION: High intakes of fruits and vegetables are protective against many forms of cancers. Vegetarians are less likely to contract cancer of the colon than meat eaters. A vegetarian diet is typically high in fibre, low in saturated fat and includes plenty of fruit and vegetables. Dietary fibre may help to protect against all the ‘Western’ cancers such as cancers of the colon, rectum, prostate, uterus and breast. We all know that fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes and nuts are healthy. There are a number of studies that show that consuming more of these plant-based foods reduces the risk for a long list of chronic maladies (including coronary artery disease, obesity, diabetes, and many cancers). This is probable factor in increased longevity in the industrialized world. On average, we eat two fruits and vegetables and too much saturated fats of which meat and dairy are prime contributors. A predominantly vegetarian diet may have beneficial effects for kidney and nerve function in diabetics, as well as for weight loss. Eating more fruits and vegetables can slow, and perhaps reverse, age-related declines in brain function and in cognitive and motor performance at least in rats. However, low protein diets associated with vegetarians, reduce calcium absorption and have a negative impact on skeletal health. Vegetarians’ avoidance of meat, eggs and dairy products can lead to deficiencies in iron, calcium and Vitamin B12. Infants who are breast-fed...
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...Subject: Submission of report. Dear Sir, It is our great pleasure to put forward this report that you assigned us on “A study on a Brand” which is the “RADHUNI”. We have tried our best to bring about our research objective effectively. Under your supervision we have completed our respective job. In our observation we tried to find out the present situation and try to present in our report. By doing this report we have learned many things that will help us in the future. This is a real life report so that we will always be available for any supplementary that may oblige. We are giving you thanks again for giving us a chance to present a report to you and hope it will positively help us. Yours Sincerely, • Roy,Supta • Siju,Mariyam Akhter • Shanta,Sharmin Shahin • Ahmed,Salvana • Chowdhury,Farzana Mustafa Acknowledgement i) Acknowledgement: First of all we would like to thank the Almighty for giving us the time, patience, energy and will power to finish this assignment. Then we would like to thank our course instructor Mr. Sumon, Stanley Rodrick for making us do this assignment. While doing this assignment our group members and we have gained quite some knowledge in this field. Next we also like to thank our group members who bore the pain of finishing this assignment. Last but not the least we would like to thank our family members who have suffered my late night nuisance...
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...Supply Chain Management: Food (Pineapples and Plantains) Chestnut Hill Farms Table of Contents I. Major manufacturers/producers or service providers for pineapples and plantains II. Total output worldwide regarding pineapples and plantains – divided by countries. III. The import export statistics to show major producers and major consumers for pineapples and plantains IV. Local manufacturer Chestnut Hill Farms: vendors/suppliers, distributors, wholesalers and retailers. V. Pineapple and plantain flowchart (vertical integration) VI. Discuss major problems and issues in the pineapple and plantain supply chain VII. Include, suggestions, if any, for making improvements regarding the pineapple and plantain supply chain I. Major manufacturers/producers or service providers for pineapples and plantains Today many countries have become pineapple producers, making the fruit production grow over 400% since 1960. Then again, a rise of 50% was seen after the introduction of what they call the “Gold” variety, developed in the 1990s by Fresh Del Monte. Pineapple consumption has double in last 10 years, making the industry grow into a more complex chain. Other major fruit product today is plantains, which production has grown over 60% in the last 30 years. Plantains have become a major part of food in Central and West Africa, and in other regions such as the Caribbean Islands, South, and Central America. As comsuption for both fruits have...
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