...What I have learned In Science 7 What I have learned In Science 7 7-IPIL 7-IPIL SUBMITTED BY: PATRICK GENESON GONZALES SUBMITTED BY: PATRICK GENESON GONZALES CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY MATTER MATTER MASS- the measure of the amount of matter WEIGHT- the composition of the mass of the body and gravity VOLUME- amount of space occupied by an object STATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER State- physical condition of a matter Phase- refers to TEMPERATURE that change in state SOLID- particles are tightly pack, vibrating in a fixed position -have definite shape and volume LIQUID- has definite volume but have indefinite shape -tightly pack but far enough apart to slide over one another GAS- very far apart -have indefinite shape and volume PLASMA BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensate) ACID, BASE and SALT ACID, BASE and SALT pH- power of HYDROGEN in water Measurement: 0-6 ACID 7 SALT or NEUTRAL 8-14 BASE ACID- a substance that breaks into (H+) ION in an water WEAK: * Citric * Ethanoic * Carbonic * Acetic * Phosphoric * Nitrous STRONG: * Hydrochloric * Sulphuric * Nitric * Hydrodic BASE- a substance that breaks into (OH- (HYDROYYL) ION in water WEAK: * Potassium Carbonate * Sodium Carbonate * Ammonium STRONG: * Hydroxide Sodium * Phosphate Barium * Hydroxide Calcium * Hydroxide * Sodium ACID+BASE= SALT (NEUTRALIZATION) INDICATOR- a compound that will change color in the...
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...Applications of Acoustic Charge Transport CID #478 Physics 222 Term Paper #1 Abstract Acoustic charge transport is accomplished through the use of a surface acoustic wave passing through a low dimensional electron layer. The power efficiency is increased with a piezoelectric substrate. Quantum wires are formed with higher wave intensity, and quantum dots are formed with the interference of two waves. Such methods have applications in electronics. Excitons are preserved for longer times with the use of an acoustic charge transport system, which allows for the development and implementation of optoelectronic delays and storage devices. A common goal of much of today’s technological development is finding ways to make existing technology smaller or more efficient. This is especially apparent in electronics, where a constant push is made to make devices smaller, lighter, and more powerful. Acoustic charge transport (ACT) is a relatively new concept and technique which has applications in both electronics and optoelectronics, which uses light instead of electricity. Not only does ACT have applications in these areas, it has distinct advantages by being smaller and more efficient than currently employed systems. Acoustic charge transport, as the name suggests, is the moving of charge through the use of acoustic waves. The charge that is transported consists of electrons forming a lowdimensional layer, residing in a semiconductor film called a quantum well. The layer of electrons...
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...a signal transmitted on one circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel. 2) Waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. There are different types of waveguides for each type of wave. The original and most common[1] meaning is a hollow conductive metal pipe used to carry high frequency radio waves, particularly microwaves. 3) Fiber to the x (FTTx) is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical Fiber to replace all or part of the usual metal local loop used for last mile telecommunications. 4) Simplex communication refers to communication that occurs in one direction only. 5) A half-duplex (HDX) system provides communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). 6) A full-duplex (FDX), or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. 7) Photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation. 8) Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. 9) Analog (or analogue) transmission is a transmission method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude...
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...Sound is created by vibrations of an object pushing air particles closer and further apart, formally known as compression and rarefaction. Shown to the left is a diagram of a sound wave; the high concentrated areas of particles are the compression regions which also are the areas of high air pressure. In contrast to this, the low concentrated areas of particles are known as rarefaction and here is where the lowest air pressure occurs and the wave is at its lowest point. The wavelength (also known as the period of a graph) of a sound wave is the relationship between the initial frequency and the speed of sound. It is represented by this equation: When a frequency (rate of which a sound source vibrates) is higher it will generate a shorter wavelength because the sound source is vibrating at a faster speed. Meaning more complete back and forth vibrations are occurring in a quicker amount of time, whereas when the frequency is lower the wavelength is longer. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz.) and to distinguish the frequency you need to know how many vibrations occur in an exact amount of time, for example if an object’s particles vibrate 256 times in one second, then the frequency is 256 Hz. The frequency that an instrument creates is based on the length of how far the vibration can travel. Meaning for an instrument to produce different pitches and sounds, instruments need ways to change the vibrating length. For a pipe instrument like a clarinet there are holes on...
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...Paradise I stepped off the hot, crowded plane and into the bright, dazzling sun light. The humid hit my face as if I were getting into a sauna; while the thick, moist air filled my lungs, I could feel the heat of the black pavement comfortably warming and basking my legs like a heater. My family and I finally made it to Hawaii. I was not always a fan of family vacations; somehow, something always seemed to go wrong. However, this vacation, nothing could ruin my fun. I took a deep breath and smelled a sweet, flower scent of intoxicating aromas. As my family and I entered the doors leading to the terminal, three girls in grass skirts approached us; they placed beautifully colored leis around our necks. I buried my nose into the damp, cold petals. I breathed in the exhilarating small of the pink and yellow flowers. We pushed our way through the crowded terminal, which was full of anxious and restless tourists waiting to get a glimpse of paradise. My Dad managed to get our luggage through the mobs of people, and we proceeded outside where my Aunt Rose was waiting to pick us up. My Aunt Rose was known for her crazy style of clothing and her big feathered hair. And to my surprise, off in the distance, a I little petite woman wearing a short pink dress stood across the street waving her arms. My aunt nearly tackled me to the ground as she hugged me, screaming in my ear and whip-lashing me from side to side. She always smelled of cigarettes and her perfume reminded me of a cheap brothel...
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...They were on a beach for a little while when the narrator notices that there is another storm and wave coming. He calls out for K but there is no answer. The wave comes through and he sees his friend K, in the wave. K was dead. The narrator feels bad for this incident, and thinks that it is his fault. For the next forty years he feels bad until, one day he goes back to the place where he saw K die, and lets the water wash up onto his foot. He should forgive himself, it wasn’t his fault. Take Nancy Sherman’s story called “The Moral Logic of Survivor Guilt”, she makes some valid points and talks about how soldiers come back from the war and feel guilty because their partner died. “ Indeed, the soldiers I’ve talked to, involved in friendly fire accidents that took their comrades’ lives, didn’t feel regret for what happened, but raw, deep, unabashed guilt. And the guilt persisted long after they were...
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...Optics Materials: * Optics bench * Optics kit, including a lens/mirror mount * Convex lens of known focal length * Concave mirror of known focal length * Light source/candle * Screen * Meter stick/metric ruler * Two polarized films * Prism * Laser pointer * Protractor * Graph paper * Electromagnetic spectrum chart Materials for Exploring Further: * Plane mirror * Ripple tank, with sheet of plastic or glass that fits on part of the bottom of the tank, and objects that can be used as boundaries to obstruct the pathway of waves * Wave-motion rope * Tuning-fork kit * Stroboscope * Resonance-tube kit In this lab, you will investigate the relationship between the focal lengths of a mirror and lens and the type of image that is generated. Procedure Part 1: Image from a Lens 1. Place the light source, convex lens, and screen on the optics bench as shown in figure 1. Start with the light source at a distance greater than 2ƒ from the lens. Figure 1 2. Measure the height of the light source, or "object" (ho), and record it in data table 1. Also measure and record the distance between the lens and the light source (do) in the data table. Using the lens equation and the given focal length, calculate the distance from the lens to the image (di) and the height of the image (hi): and . Record your calculations in the...
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...How to Succeed in Physics (and reduce your workload) Kyle Thomas, Lead Author Luke Bruneaux, Supporting Author Veritas Tutors, LLC How To Succeed in Physics | 2 About the Authors Kyle Thomas Kyle is currently a PhD candidate in the Psychology Department at Harvard University where he studies evolutionary social psychology and serves as a teaching fellow for graduate and undergraduate courses. Kyle has primarily tutored and taught Physics and Organic Chemistry through the UC Santa Cruz peer tutoring program where he became a program administrator. About Veritas Tutors Founded by two Harvard graduates in 2005, Veritas Tutors (www. veritutors.com) is the premiere provider of educational services and products in the Boston area. Offering subject tutoring, standardized test preparation, and admissions consulting, Veritas Tutors is dedicated to providing the best possible instruction to each of its students. Working with educators and consultants from Harvard, Yale, Columbia, MIT, and other elite academic institutions, our students all receive personalized guidance to achieve their goals in and out of the classroom. If you Luke Bruneaux have any questions, comments, or concerns, please contact us at info@ Luke holds a BA Summa Cum Laude from the University of Pennsylvania, veritutors.com or 1-877-265-6582. an MS from the University of Chicago and is working towards a PhD in physics at Harvard University. Luke was awarded a 2011 Derek Bok ...
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...Acoustic Charge Transport CID #478 Physics 222 Term Paper #1 Abstract Acoustic charge transport is accomplished through the use of a surface acoustic wave passing through a low dimensional electron layer. The power efficiency is increased with a piezoelectric substrate. Quantum wires are formed with higher wave intensity, and quantum dots are formed with the interference of two waves. Such methods have applications in electronics. Excitons are preserved for longer times with the use of an acoustic charge transport system, which allows for the development and implementation of optoelectronic delays and storage devices. A common goal of much of today’s technological development is finding ways to make existing technology smaller or more efficient. This is especially apparent in electronics, where a constant push is made to make devices smaller, lighter, and more powerful. Acoustic charge transport (ACT) is a relatively new concept and technique which has applications in both electronics and optoelectronics, which uses light instead of electricity. Not only does ACT have applications in these areas, it has distinct advantages by being smaller and more efficient than currently employed systems. Acoustic charge transport, as the name suggests, is the moving of charge through the use of acoustic waves. The charge that is transported consists of electrons forming a lowdimensional layer, residing in a semiconductor film called a quantum well. The layer of electrons...
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...radio-frequency electromagnet fields to transfer data. RFID tags are used in many industries to enter or exit buildings as well as buy certain things (mostly use in the government). It can also be attached to cash, clothing, and everyday possessions (such as cell phone, Laptops, desktop computers, tablets, etc.). Let me give you some history about where this technology came from In 1945 Leon Theremin invented an espionage or spying tool for the Soviet Union which retransmitted incident radio waves with audio information. Sound waves vibrated a diaphragm, which slightly altered the shape of the resonator that modulated the reflection radio frequency. So basically Leon Theremin created the processor for the RFID technology because it is being energized and activated by waves from an outside source. RFID uses signaling between the reader and tag is done in several different incompatible ways its all depending upon the frequency band being used. Tags operate on LF and HF bands, which use small radio waves to transmit signals. In the near electromagnetic field region the tag is closely combined electronically with the transmitter in the reader. The tag can increase the electromagnetic field created by the reader by changing the electrical loading. By changing the relative loads higher or lower the tag produces a change that the reader can detect. RFID is probably the most unknown thing because we use it everyday but never know what’s it called and how it works to be honest I didn’t realize...
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...Waveguides- is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. 3. FTTH- is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications. 4. Simplex- is a simplex that is also a regular polytope. 5. Half-Duplex- system provides communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). 6. Full- Duplex- system, or sometimes called double-duplex, allows communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. 7. Photodiode- is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation. 8. Amplitude Modulation- is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. 9. Analog Transmission- is a transmission method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable. 10. Digital Transmission- is the physical transfer of data (a digital bit stream) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. 11. Sample Rate- defines the number of samples per unit of time (usually seconds) taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal. 12. Electromagnetic Wave- is a form of radiant energy,...
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...Unit 9 #1 Transder: A device that converts from one form to another. #3 Radio Frequency interference and Electromagnetic interference. #5. Electric Field and Magnetic field. Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, X-rays and radio waves #17. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its transmission medium. #18. Shadow Zone is an area following an obstacle that does not receive a wave by diffraction. #19 Thre basic modes : Ground wave, space wave. sky wave. #20. Ground Wave propagation is a method of radio frequency propagation that uses the area between the surface of the earth and the ionosphere for transmission. #24. The radio waves having high frequencies are basically called as space waves. These waves have the ability to propagate through atmosphere, from transmitter antenna to receiver antenna. #30. The CRITICAL FREQUENCY is the maximum frequency that a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to Earth. The CRITICAL ANGLE is the maximum and/or minimum angle that a radio wave can be transmitted and still be refracted back to Earth. In radio transmission maximum usable frequency (MUF) is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere ( skywave or "skip" propagation) at a specified time, independent of transmitter power. This index is especially...
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...Awareness as the cornerstone for high performance As a leader, the best way of getting high performance out of an organisation is to enable your next line leaders to coach themselves and then to turn their attention to coaching others within their group, who coach others within their group….and it rolls on, effectively like waves rolling onto a beach. But if you don’t start from the cornerstone of awareness, you can’t even begin to get the momentum to put that wave into motion. The best way for me to describe this is to use a footy example. When I played for Collingwood, our head coach couldn’t run onto the field in the middle of a game and tell me “hey mate that’s not right.” I had to have my concentration turned up to full, be aware of the job I was supposed to be doing, be aware of what I was actually doing and know if there was any shortfall. I had to sort it out for myself and then mid-match, coach the younger ones around me on the ground, so that they could step up to what they were supposed to be doing. In turn, when I retired, these younger guys took over the process of coaching the more inexperienced guys around them on the ground and so the wave rolls on. Strengths and weaknesses In order to achieve this kind of high performance (whether personal, or to motivate others), you must first have awareness; and the key to awareness is to understand your strengths...
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...My Ideal Summer Vacation A warm and sunny afternoon last day, I was in a deep thought. I was thinking, if I would be given a chance to have a summer vacation without worrying about the expenses, maybe it could be my ideal one. This thought triggered me to ask myself, “What would be my ideal summer vacation looks like?” To start my visualization, I would like to spend it in a place afar from the noisy streets of the city. A place where the only sounds I can hear are the chirping of the birds, the waves crashing on the shore and the laughter of my family. In that place, the trees are dancing gracefully and flowers are waving gently with the wind. In the distance, the shore is filled with sand so white, crystal clear water and with porpoises on the sea side. On the top of the hill resides our home, a small bungalow type but filled with so much contentment and joy. Inside of it are simple things to suffice our needs. Upon entering the entrance door, you will see the clean and tidy living room, with a window on the right that offers a beautiful sight of the blue ocean. Beside our home, there stood a tall and old narra tree that gives us shade during the day. Flowers of different kinds and varieties grows around the yard abundantly. Then, I can see the endless sky above with shiny shimmering stars blinking at night and in the water, it seems the unreachable stars are within my grasp. In a distance, I can see the fire keeps burning from the bonfire we have made, and beside it,...
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...the Characteristics of Sound Sound and music are parts of our everyday sensory experience. Just as humans have eyes for the detection of light and color, so we are equipped with ears for the detection of sound. We seldom take the time to ponder the characteristics and behaviors of sound and the mechanisms by which sounds are produced, propagated, and detected. The basis for the understanding of sound, music and hearing is the physics of waves. Sound is a wave which is created by vibrating objects and propagated through a medium from one location to another. In this subject, we will investigate the nature, properties and behaviors of sound waves and apply basic wave principles towards an understanding of music. The Elements of Communication Communication: transfer of information from a source or stimulus through a medium to a reception point. The medium through which the information travels can be air, water, space or solid objects. Information that is carried through all natural media takes the form of waves - repeating patterns that oscillate back and forth. E.g. light, sound, electricity radio and TV waves. Stimulus: A medium must be stimulated in order for waves of information to be generated in it. A stimulus produces energy, which radiates outwards from the source in all directions. The sun and an electric light bulb produce light energy. A speaker, a vibrating guitar string or tuning fork and the voice are sound sources, which produce sound energy waves. Medium: A medium is...
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