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Space Oddity

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Government & Politics AS UNIT 1: Topic 2: Political Parties and Ideas 1. Outline TWO features of a political party. 5 marks

One feature of a political party is to campaign in elections. Campaigning is where a party tries to gain peoples support for their ideologies. This maybe by informing the public about major current problems and how the party would solve the problems. Campaigning can take the form of speeches, political broadcasts and door to door campaigning.
Parties also have organisation. They have a structured hierarchy with the most powerful people at the top. There is a leader such as Gordon Brown for Labour, then senior members, which in a government would be the cabinet. Then there are lower MPs and also whips to enforce party policy.

2. Explain Three ways in which ‘new’ labour differs from ‘old’ labour. 10 marks

New Labour removed clause IV from its constitution. This was a reference to common ownership and so removal of old labour policy of nationalisation. Old labour’s core socialist value of common ownership meant that everyone had a share in business and so an equal share of rewards and input. New Labour, however, has adopted capitalist ideas of a free market with private businesses. There were even talks of part-privatisation of the royal mail.

New labour has also abandoned its socialist core value of class. This was that they fought for the rights of the working class alone and believed that over time there should be no classes. They rejected the idea of Natural Order. New Labour has largely abandoned this ideology in pursuit of political power. To gain office New Labour needed votes from all levels of society and so introduced policies to please all different classes in Britain.

New Labour has also become less dependent on Trade Unions. Old Labour was basically formed by trade unions and had the financial backing of them as well as their members. However, new labour relies less on donations from trade unions, now rather looking to wealthy individuals like J K Rowling. Complete with this, New Labour is now less friendly to the demands of the trade unions.

3. Has the Conservative Party abandoned Thatcherism? 25 Marks

In many ways, the Conservative Party has abandoned Thatcherism. Thatcherism had a policy of tough on crime with hard punishments in order to keep social order. However, Cameronism, policies of their leader, David Cameron, has taken a softer view on crime. While still being tough on crime, they look to the causes of crime and see the mending of a ‘broken society’ as a way to stop crime.

Thatcherism was also all about low direct taxation with income tax being cut from 80% to 40%. Cameron has stated that taxes will be kept at a level to sustain good public services and will keep, for the time being, Labours new 50% tax rate.

The conservative party today also has greater emphasis on socialist values. The party has views of equality of opportunity in education with good state schools being available to everyone.

However, many policies of the Tory party today are similar to that of Thatcherism. Thatcherism had a policy of deregulation. This was less government interference in the economy. If businesses were going bust, let them, for it showed they were weak and so the economy would be stronger long term. This fits in with the present Tory view on the current economic crisis. They said that they would have let failing high street banks fail and would not step in to help.

The conservative party today is also very sceptical of EU integration as it was in Thatcher’s time. Thatcher said that Britain should not work more closely with Europe if it meant the loss of sovereignty. This is similar with the Tory party of today which has said that it will call a referendum on the Lisbon Treaty if it has not already been ratified when they come to power.

Overall the conservative party hasn’t abandoned Thatcherism but amalgamated it with policies of old conservatism, Cameronism and socialist and liberal values.

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