Free Essay

Spanish Expedition

In:

Submitted By jashley
Words 1106
Pages 5
Spanish Expeditions to the Philippines The Magellan Expedition
Your Ad Here
Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese in the service of the Spanish crown, was looking for a westward route to the to the Spice Islands of Indonesia. On March 16, 1521, Magellan's expedition landed on Homonhon island in the Philippines. He was the first European to reach the islands. Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly with Magellan and embraced Christianity, but their enemy, Lapu-Lapu was not. Humabon wanted Magellan to kill Lapu-Lapu while Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu into Christianity. On April 17, 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan and ensuing battle killed Magellan by the natives lead by Lapu-Lapu. Out of the five ships and more than 300 men who left on the Magellan expedition in 1519, only one ship (the Victoria) and 18 men returned to Seville, Spain on September 6, 1522. Nevertheless, the said expedition was considered historic because it marked the first circumnavigation of the globe and proved that the world was round.
Juan Sebastian de Elcano, the master of ship "Concepcion" took over the command of the expedition after the death of Magellan and captained the ship "Victoria" back to Spain. He and his men earned the distinction of being the first to circumnavigate the world in one full journey. After Magellan's death in Cebu, it took 16 more months for Elcano to return to Spain. The Magellan expedition started off through the westward route and returning to Spain by going east; Magellan and Elcano's entire voyage took almost three years to complete.
Spain sends other expedition
After the Spain had celebrated Elcano’s return, King Charles I decided that Spain should conquer the Philippines. Five subsequent expeditions were then sent to the Islands. These were led by Garcia Jofre Loaisa (1525), Sebastian Cabot (1526), Alvaro de Saavedra (1527), Rudy Lopez de Villalobos (1542) and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564). Only the last two actually reached the Philippines; and only Legazpi succeeded in colonizing the Islands.
The Villalobos Expedition
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos set sail for the Philippines from Navidad, Mexico on November 1, 1542. He followed the route taken by Magellan and reached Mindanao on February 2, 1543. He established a colony in Sarangani but could not stay long because of insufficient food supply. His fleet left the island and landed on Tidore in the Moluccas, where they were captured by the Portuguese.
Villalobos is remembered for naming our country “Islas Filipinas,” in honor of King Charles’ son, Prince Philip, who later became king of Spain.
The Legazpi Expedition
Since none of the expedition after Magellan from Loaisa to Villalobos had succeeded in taking over the Philippines, King Charles I stopped sending colonizers to the Islands. However, when Philip II succeeded his father to the throne in 1556, he instructed Luis de Velasco, the viceroy of Mexico, to prepare a new expedition – to be headed by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who would be accompanied by Andres de Urdaneta, a priest who had survived the Loaisa mission.
On February 13, 1565, Legaspi's expedition landed in Cebu island. After a short struggle with the natives, he proceeded to Leyte, then to Camiguin and to Bohol. There Legaspi made a blood compact with the chieftain, Datu Sikatuna as a sign of friendship. Legaspi was able to obtain spices and gold in Bohol due to his friendship with Sikatuna. On April 27, 1565, Legaspi returned to Cebu; destroyed the town of Raja Tupas and establish a settlement. On orders of the King Philip II, 2,100 men arrived from Mexico. They built the the port of Fuerza de San Pedro which became the Spanish trading outpost and stronghold for the region.
Hearing of the riches of Manila, an expedition of 300 men headed by Martin de Goiti left Cebu for Manila. They found the islands of Panay and Mindoro. Goiti arrived in Manila on May 8, 1570. At first they were welcomed by the natives and formed an alliance with Rajah Suliman, their Muslim king but as the locals sensed the true objectives of the Spaniards, a battle between the troops of Suliman and the Spaniards erupted. Because the Spaniards are more heavily armed, the Spaniards were able to conquer Manila. Soon after Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived to join Goiti in Manila. Legaspi built alliances and made peace with Rajahs Suliman, Lakandula and Matanda. In 1571, Legaspi ordered the construction of the walled city of Intramuros and proclaimed it as the seat of government of the colony and the capital of the islands. In 1572, Legaspi died and was buried at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros. In 1574, Manila was bestowed the title "Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad de España" (Distinguished and ever loyal city of Spain) by King Philip II of Spain.
Why the Philippines was easily conquered
Through largely outnumbered, the Spaniards who came to colonize the Philippines easily took control of our country. How did this happen? The best possible explanation is that the natives lacked unity and a centralized form of government. Although the barangays already functioned as units of governance, each one existed independently of the other, and the powers that each Datu enjoyed were confined only to his own barangay. No higher institution united the barangays, and the Spaniards took advantage of this situation. They used the barangays that were friendly to them in order to subdue the barangays that were not. Continue to Spain as Colonial Masters.

Spanish settlement and rule (1565–1898)
Main article: History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
Early Spanish expeditions and conquests
Main article: Spanish-Moro Conflict

Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521.
Parts of the Philippine Islands were known to Europeans before the 1521 Spanish expedition around the world led by Portuguese-born Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who were not the first Europeans in the Philippines.[clarification needed] Magellan landed on the island called Homonhon, claiming the islands he saw for Spain, and naming them Islas de San Lázaro.[62] He established friendly relations with some of the local leaders especially with Rajah Humabon and converted some of them to Roman Catholicism.[62] In the Philippines, they explored many islands including the island of Mactan. However, Magellan was killed during the Battle of Mactan against the datu Lapu-Lapu.
Over the next several decades, other Spanish expeditions were dispatched to the islands. In 1543, Ruy López de Villalobos led an expedition to the islands and gave the name Las Islas Filipinas (after Philip II of Spain) to the islands of Samar and Leyte.[63] The name was extended to the entire archipelago in the twentieth century.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

How Did Cabeza De Vaca Led A Five Ship 600 Man-Expedition

...Cabeza de Vaca Cabeza de Vaca was a spanish conquistador who led a five ship 600 man-expedition to Florida. Cabeza de Vaca was not a good leader, and only became leader because the old leader failed miserably. The moment they left for the expedition it was a disaster. The moment the Spaniards entered the Caribbean it was just a disaster, after losing two ships in a hurricane and over 200 men by drowning and desertion. Cabeza de Vaca was a very will powered man. He didn’t care if he lost men, ships, as long as he reached the goals he had set everything was okay. He didn’t really care about the safety of his men, clearly. As soon as they had entered the Caribbean it was a huge mess. He had lost 2 ships, and over 200 men by drowning and...

Words: 334 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Comparison And Contrast Of Lewis And Clark's Expedition

...Pike was recently assigned to aid Lewis and Clark’s expedition. During their time in the Mississippi River, Lewis and Clark split off from the expedition group, leaving Pike with about twenty. For months, Pike and his men continued up the Mississippi to a region unknown up to a lake. Pike named this lake Cass Lake and discovered that the lake was the Mississippi’s water source. However, recent research has concluded that this was a mistake. Beside that, Pike gathered critical geographical data that was in a miniscule part of the Spanish-owned Louisiana Territory. Pike’s second expedition turned out to be more interesting. In mid 1806, Pike set off with nineteen military personnel, an interpreter, and a doctor. During the early stages of the journey, Pike relieved a Native American village from the Spanish that had recently visited. In mid November, Pike made the risky decision to continue on in the expedition, even with very low supplies. He and his group continued due west. After a few days, Pike reached the Rocky Mountains mountain range. Entranced by the peaks, Pike and three of his peers attempted to climb an 11.5 thousand-foot summit. Although Pike was unsuccessful, he named the mountain Pike’s peak in his name....

Words: 443 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Lewis and Clark

...massive continent. All of the explorers had an impact on the development of America. The Lewis and Clark expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, stands prominently at the top part of this list. The Lewis and Clark Expedition has had a significant political, social, and economic effect on America. They were the first to map out the west and set off westward expansion. Without the success of the expedition growth of America would have taken five times as long, as predicted by Thomas Jefferson. The Expedition had a drastic political effect on The United States of America. The area in which the expedition was to explore was very close along Spanish territory and a portion of the expedition was in Spanish territory. The Spanish government was very uneasy with the Corps advancing towards them because they thought The United States was attacking them. They dispatched a small group to intercept the Corps however they nearly missed them. Another political impact was the now issue of Indian relations. America just acquired a great deal of land that was formerly owned by Indians and they now had to explain to them that the land was no longer theirs and that they were now a part of the United States. Indian relations would be fine until they were forced to move off their land. The United States had to set up a new branch of government just for Indian relations. Previous to the expedition there were only little issues of dealing with Indians. The Exploration of the west could have had...

Words: 670 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Case

...Lincoln Gives Its Big SUV a Face-Lift Ford Plans to Formally Unveil the Restyled Navigator at the Chicago Auto Show By  JOSEPH B. WHITE  The face that launched a thousand supertankers is getting a makeover. Ford Motor Co. F -2.28% 's Lincoln brand is giving a new face and some new features to its venerable Lincoln Navigator, the model that jump-started the fad for supersize, fuel-thirsty luxury sport-utility vehicles when it first made its debut in the late 1990s. The restyled Lincoln Navigator from Ford. Ford Motor Co. General Motors Co. GM -2.65% 's rival Cadillac brand at first balked at following the Navigator, then countered with its own plus-size Escalade SUV, which later grew into a family of luxury versions of GM's largest SUV models. A four-wheel drive 1999 Navigator had an estimated fuel economy of 12 miles per gallon in city and highway driving. That later improved to 15 miles per gallon. The 2008 recession and a series of gasoline price spikes slashed sales of the Navigator and Escalade, and ultimately killed off GM's Hummer brand of big, high-price SUVs. But the Navigator and the Escalade survived and both are now getting makeovers. GM is planning to roll out a redesigned Escalade this spring. The revamped Navigator will be in showrooms this fall, Ford said in a statement. Ford sold just 8,613 Navigators last year, up 2.9% from a year earlier, but about a fifth of the model's peak sales in 1998. The refreshed Navigator will get a new grille, with horizontal...

Words: 312 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

02.02 Hms Challenger Journal of a Scientist

...December 21, 1872 England, This clear water is a pleasant surprise, but the cold is painful. This ship is the most highly equipped ship i've ever sailed in. I can say this is vastly impressive for this age, and I can only imagine what the future will be like. I have to say my favorite feature on this ship is the Natural History Laboratory. Its where specimens were examined, and drawn. I can only say this will mark history with our recorded discoveries. December 22, 1872 Unknown destination, somewhere outside of England. The sun is finally out and temperatures have risen! The sun makes this day off a hundred times better.The shipmates decided to round together for a good ole game of cards! I haven't played for so long, and i lost all my snacks we keep as game. We sat for a meal and had chicken. We picked it up when we docked somewhere and we cooked it. Sadly it was nothing special and it was just chicken and rice. Days like this make this voyage much less lonelier. Spirits are high and tomorrow continues to lurk closer. December 24, 1872 Unknown Destination, somewhere outside of England. Its raining! The ship is starting to take a toll and the waves are rocking us around! Today is chaotic and a lot of hassle. But i fear for my life. I think i have came down with scurvy. They tell me to toughen up but i have hardly any strength. Being on a ship does not allow any medical help until we dock, and even then we hardly have any money. Research is slow right now but they're...

Words: 460 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Ice Fishing Essay

...One sunny morning, my family and I decided to take a trip up to Lake Mille Lacs. All along the way, we noticed what an incredible ride our Ford Expedition ’05 provided us. Its independent shocks and air suspension made our journey very comfortable and smooth on the bumpy, rugged road. When we arrived at the lake, we noticed that a car had gotten stuck in a snow bank which was incredibly deep. We went over to approach them and asked if perhaps they needed some help from us. They replied yes, so we took out the tow rope and attached it to both their hitch and ours. As soon as the rope was secure, we then went back to our vehicle and shifted the gears to “4 × 4 low” in order to pull them out of the snow. This event really showed me that the Expedition was not just attractive-looking, but also truly powerful. After that, we continued on our way and went fishing on the lake. When the sun began to set across the horizon, we decided to go back to the cabin and fry up our catches of the day. The next morning, we rose at 7:00 a.m. with plans to hit the lake again and placed all of the gear back into the SUV. While we were doing so, we witnessed the sun shining on the Expedition in the most perfectly, exquisite way. We couldn’t help but smile at each other while admiring its brilliant design. After we finished up loading the equipment, we then headed back inside to eat a warm, filling breakfast. After the hearty meal, we all hopped back into the car and drove to the lake again. When...

Words: 597 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Cabeza De Vaca Quotes

...Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca came from a family of conquistadors and he was a soldier for twenty years. De vaca and his crew of six hundred men set out on barges to search for a new world. During the journey many of his men died because of starvation or were close to death and could not function in the cold. “That was not much but valuable in that bitter November cold our bodies so emaciated we could easily count every bone and looked the very picture of death” (page 72). Cabeza de Vaca uses pathos in this quote. In early November de Vaca and what was left of his crew made it to the new land. When they got there they encountered native Americans and thought that they could be hostile But the Native Americans were sympathetic by giving Europeans...

Words: 342 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Comparison Of Lewis And Clark's Heroic Expedition

...In the year of 1804 to 1806, Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark of the U.S military expedition, took a tole on the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest. The expedition was a major chapter in this time period of American history. In fact, the heroic expedition of Lewis and Clark changed a multiplicity of views in the West of North America. For many years Jefferson had heard and read about accounts of various ventures of different explorers out in the West. He held a consequently long interest in further exploring the overall unknown region of the continent. After the two years into his presidency, Jefferson asked permission from the congress to fund an expedition through the Louisiana purchase to the Pacific Ocean....

Words: 530 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

A Good Price for Good Land

...A Good Price for Good Land Webster Wallace American Intercontinental University U.S. History Abstract This paper will tell how the Louisiana Purchase came to be and how the U.S. acquired it. It will tell of the short and long-term consequences of acquiring this territory. It will tell of Thomas Jefferson and the political aspects of this purchase. This paper will discuss The Lewis and Clark expedition briefly and will have a summary of all the facts in its conclusion. A Good Price for Good Land The Louisiana Purchase is certainly one of the largest land deals in modern history, and also one of the best overall land deals one could ever hope for. As part of American history, it is the best thing that could have happened to a country who needed the space and who could not reject the price. Acquired in 1803 the United States paid $15 million dollars for well over 800,000 square miles of undiscovered land. That averages out to less than 5 cents per acre. At that price people would be lining up today to get as many acres as possible. For that matter, people still would be lined up to buy the whole thing even at today’s price of $283 million dollars. Could you imagine calling it The Oprah Purchase? The Louisiana Purchase was a very nice deal, and one the U.S. could not afford to pass up. The deal was arguably the greatest achievement of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, but it also was a problem for him. Jefferson was anti-federalist and while he may have written or played...

Words: 1149 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Denny V. Ford Motor Company Case

...In this case, Nancy Denny was under the impression that she was purchasing a Ford Bronco. She was purchasing this Bronco because of its perceived safety benefits of its four-wheel-drive capacity and its ability to switch between two and four wheel drive if she had concerns about driving in the snow and ice. She testified that she did not purchase the Bronco for any off road purposes and that according to the sales presentation the Bronco was very suitable for commuting and for suburban and city driving. The sales presentation is geared to sell the Bronco based on all of its positives of everyday practical uses and does not go into detail of potential safety issues of this vehicle being engineered basically as an off road vehicle. According to Ford the vehicle had been intended to be used as an off-road vehicle and not designed as a passenger automobile, which is what Nancy Denny had believed she was purchasing, she was not at all interested in it’s off road use. (Halbert/Ingulli, 2012, p 307) There were three grounds in which Nancy Denny approached this legal battle with Ford Motor Company. The first of which was a strict products liability approach. This approach is used when a manufacturer places a product on the market for sale when the product has a defective. The manufacturer becomes liable for injuries suffered as a result of the product being defective when the product was used for its intended or reasonably intended purpose. Therefore, Nancy Denny would need to prove...

Words: 794 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Bernardo Shanglvez Influence

...Britain then Spain would easily defeat the Americans and regain its territories. In either case, he could at least prolong the war and thus weaken both entities. When it seemed the colonial strategies eyed Pensacola, Gálvez was determined to get there first. The Seven Years’ War resulted in a shift in the balance of power in America. France lost all its possessions. Great Britain now had Canada and everything east of the Mississippi, as far south as Manchac and including Baton Rouge and Natchez. Spain gave them Florida. Colonists no longer had to worry about invasion from France in the west or Spain in the south. As compensation for loosing Florida, France ceded Louisiana to Spain. The close proximity of the British to New Orleans made the Spanish uneasy. Gálvez believed it was only a matter of time before the British gaze turned to New Orleans, Mexico and New Spain. Bernardo de Gálvez was born July 23, 1746 near Malaga, at the southern tip of Spain. His father, uncles, and many other members of the Gálvez family enjoyed prestigious posts in the service of the King. His uncle, José de Gálvez, whose power was second only to King Carlos , made sure his favorite nephew also benefitted from these prominent connections. Bernardo de Gálvez began his military career as a lieutenant in the war against Portugal in 1762 after which he accompanied his uncle José to Mexico where he fought the Apache Indians. Although his efforts brought little lasting results, he demonstrated outstanding...

Words: 1711 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Croatan

...But in 1587, Raleigh sponsored another settlement attempt and this one was different. Different in that for the first time families came. This was the first hint that the English settlements might depart from the Spanish model. During this settlement attempt the first English citizen was born in America, a girl named Virginia Dare. The leader of this expedition was John White, adventurer and artist. After helping everyone get settled, White returned to England for more supplies. He was delayed for three years, however, due to the war between England and Spain. You will recall of the greatest sea battles in history took place between these two countries in 1588, the Battle of the Spanish Armada. It was not until after the English defeat of the Spanish Armada that White could return to Roanoke. He eventually returned in 1590 to find the island completely deserted. White later wrote, “I found my books torn from the covers, the frames of some of my pictures and maps rotten and spoiled with rain.” He failed to find any hint of their new location other than the word CROATOAN was carved on a post. There was an island nearby with a similar name and White thought that perhaps the settlers may have gone there. But bad weather did not permit White to investigate and he eventually returned without ever knowing what happened to the settlers and it remains a mystery to this day. In the decades that followed sailors exploring the coastal region of the Carolinas reported seeing Caucasians interspersed...

Words: 283 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

International Etiquette of Mexico

...largest population of Spanish speakers in the world. Keep in mind, however, that Spanish was not always the primary language of the native people. Before the Spanish influence, many different native tribes inhabited the country; each of them speaking their own dialect. Some of the more popular dialects were the Mayan dialect and the Náhuatl dialect. The northern tribes, known to be the Chichimecs, were hunters and gatherers. They were small, more isolated groups who roamed the dryer lands of the deserts and steppes. The agricultural tribes inhabited other regions of the country and allowed larger populations in their surroundings. Included in these agricultural tribes were the Mayans of the Yucatan, Totonac, Huastec, Zapotecs, Tlaxcalans, Aztecs, and others tribes. These tribes developed civilizations with highly structured temples used for religion, sacrifices, commerce, and their form of government. The Aztecs even used a sort of tribute system to collect taxes and treasures from conquered tribes. The well known symbol of the Aztecs was an eagle with a snake in its beak resting on a cactus. This Aztec symbol has become the national symbol of Mexico. In 1519, the Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés, sailed along the eastern gulf coast and anchored off the island of San Juan de Ulúa. Over 500 Spanish soldiers stepped foot on the land, bringing with them a new animal species never seen by the native tribes; the horse. This was the beginning of the Spanish Conquest and the fall...

Words: 2093 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Effects of Religion

...has divided people. With people thinking that they are right, it causes them to hate and kill other people with different beliefs. They will compete with each other on who is right, and who seems to be godlier. The Crusades was an event in the past, it was war between the Christians and Moslems. According to “The Crusades” (n.d.), “The Crusades were great military expeditions undertaken by the Christian nations of Europe for the purpose of rescuing the holy places of the Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans” (The Crusades – What were the Crusades). Each religion thought that they had the right to have the holy places which resulted in wars between these religions. Wars have happened because one religion feels they are godlier than the other so try to have all authority or power over the people. Another event was the Spanish Inquisition. According to “Freeman” (2012), “Reasons for the Inquisition included a desire to create religious unity and weaken local political authorities and familial alliances” (How Stuff Works: The Beginnings of the Spanish Inquisition). This led to the people involved in the Spanish Inquisition to kill people who refused to become a Catholic. Organized religion was a way to control or have power over people. This led to people hating each other because of their belief or their...

Words: 539 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

The Latin American Wars of Independence

...The Latin American wars of independence were notably conducive to the decline of the Spanish Empire however, the decline can not be attributed singularly to the Latin American wars of Independence as there were other subsidiary factors involved. The Latin American wars of independence were a series of revolutions within South America causing Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Haiti and Columbia to become independent countries. These wars drained the Spanish Empire’s resources, enforcing its decline in the early 19th century. Prior to the wars of independence, poor economic conditions, the destruction of the Spanish Armada, as well as an imperialistic overstretch between territories, resulted in contributing to the downfall of the Spanish Empire. Colonial mismanagement in the Spanish Empire acted as a precluding catalyst in causing the Latin American wars of Independence, thus contributing to the fall of the Spanish Empire. The Latin American wars of Independence, whilst an influential factor in the decline of the Spanish Empire, were not the sole determinant in causing the downfall of the Spanish Empire. The Latin American wars of independence contributed to the fall of the Spanish Empire to a considerable extent, being the final element amongst other collective factors which ultimately resulted in the collapse of the Spanish Empire. During the 17th century, there were many indications of Spain’s erosion of power; the collapse of the empire...

Words: 1543 - Pages: 7