...May–June 2012 CCSLC /M/03/12 Published in Jamaica, 2012 by Ian Randle Publishers 11 Cunningham Avenue P O Box 686 Kingston 6 www.ianrandlepublishers.com © 2012, Caribbean Examinations Council ISBN --------------------------------------- (pbk) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Cover and book design by Ian Randle Publishers Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica Telephone Number: + 1 (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2012 by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados CCSLC /M/03/12 ii This document CCSLC/M/03/2010 replaces NSP/M03/2006 issued in 2006. Please note that the syllabus was revised and amendments are indicated by italics. First Issued 2006 Amended 2012 Please check the website, www.cxc.org for updates on CXC’s syllabuses. CCSLC /M/03/12 iii Contents INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………i RATIONALE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......1 AIMS...
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...Appraising Internationality in Spanish Communication Journals ´ david ferna ndez-quijada This article explores how journals published in a language other than English achieve a degree of internationality and can increase our knowledge of scientific publication patterns. This author offers a case study focused on Spanish communication journals from a sample of 1182 articles published from 2007 to 2009. The article examines three variables in this sample: the number of non-Spanish scholars, the use of languages other than Spanish, and how often non-Spanish journals are referred to. The results show that (a) these journals find it difficult to attract foreign scholars, (b) open-language policies have had a limited effect, and (c) internationality is constrained to the Spanish geolinguistic region. Keywords: internationality, local journals, Spanish scholarly journals, journal evaluation, communication sciences introduction The impact of published research is measured by means of well-established tools; one such tool is the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). However, in the field of communication studies — and in fact in all the social sciences — the SSCI does not take account of all the research published; this is particularly visible in cases where research is published in languages other than English. For example, in 2009, only 81 out of the 1585 articles (5.11 per cent) indexed in the Communication category of the SSCI were not written in English. In the context of these...
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...seen more and Americans are being overwhelmed with the number of Hispanics in the country. Even though a Latin last name is seen, it does not define who the Latin person is as an American. You can still identify with your culture as Latin (Mexican, Spanish, etc.) but they are still Americans. Points to support this I found are in (Rodriguez, 2008 para 2) “We Hispanics have become a people whose presence gets told by such numbers”. Anytime there is a discussion about Hispanics both legal and illegal, what do the news talk about, the numbers of Hispanics in the country, or the number of jobs that are being lost due to Hispanics working. Some are legal and some are illegal, but there is always a number associated to it. In paragraph 6 Rodriguez gives two examples of the surname being shortened to appeal to all people to be accepted in America, not just Latins. He uses the baseball player Alex Rodriguez who is known all over the world. The new media shortened his name to A-Rod. The unspoken assumptions in this article are how Latin people’s presences are told by numbers and not by whom they are or their professions such as doctors, lawyers, members of the church, etc. Americans do not understand the tradition of Spanish surnames and would rather shorten the last name(s) to appeal to those of no Latin descent. The qualifiers I found are in paragraph 2 where Rodriguez writes that Hispanics are more than numbers and lists a number of professions, shows that they work until a retired...
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...the origins of the Spanish language and describe how the language spread. Latin has significantly influenced the creation of the Spanish language as well as the development of many other Western languages. I will also discuss the ways in which Latin has influenced Western language development. History of Vernacular Language Spanish has one of the richest and longest histories of any of the world’s languages. It is the fourth most-spoken language in the world after Chinese, Hindi and English. Native Spanish speakers exist throughout Europe, the United States, Pacific Islands and Africa (Penny, 2002). Spanish originated on the Iberian Peninsula which is located in the southwestern region of Europe. The vernacular language was not originally known as Spanish, it was referred to as Vulgar Latin. The Celts were a nomadic tribe from central Europe who moved into the peninsula towards the end of the sixth century. The Celts mixed with the peninsula’s residents, the Iberians resulting in a new people known as the Celtiberians who spoke a form of the Celtic language. By the nineteenth century B.C.E., the region in southwestern Europe was known as Hispania and the inhabitants learned Latin from Roman settlers, traders and soldiers. Soon after the people in Hispania learned Latin, a new language was created as a mixture of the Celtiberians language and classical Latin (Penny, 2002). The new language became known as Vulgar Latin which developed into modern Spanish. Vulgar Latin was...
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...Mexico. Out of the 26.4 million Hispanics that live in America, 64% of them are Mexican Americans (Thinkquest.org). The Mexican American culture is a mixture of the Mexican culture and the American culture and often causes them to stand out. The primary influence comes from Spain while the secondary influence comes from America. Mexican Americans have strong ties to their families loving each other and taking care of each other. Honor within the family connects all the members together and loyalty without question is expected. They work hard, strive to live in the same house together or in houses near each other. They also have a good temperment (Kwintessential.co.uk). Depending on the generation their first language is either Spanish or it's English. There are some Mexican Americans who have never learned English, however, they have relatives that known both languages. The religious beliefs of Mexican Americans is very strong and many of their...
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...Hispanic-Americans make up a large ethnic group in the United States. Many Americans believe Hispanics are much the same and group them together (panethnicity) but, in fact, the groups are very diverse. Hispanics come from a variety of different cultures and include Mexican-Americans, Puerto Rican-Americans, Cuban-Americans, and Central Americans. Each of these groups vary in their customs, religious beliefs, political views, family views, and other conventions that make them similar in some ways, and very different in others (Franklin, 2009). This paper will discuss the various cultures of Mexican-Americans, Puerto Rican-Americans, Cuban-Americans, and Venezuelan-Americans in America. Mexican-Americans As a result of the Mexican-American war, about 80,000 Mexicans resided in the United States due to the accumulation of New Mexico and California. Even though many returned to Mexico, the majority stayed in the United States and gained their citizenship after two years (Englekirk and Martin, 2009). Since then, Mexican immigration to the United States has grown significantly and for various reasons. Today, Mexican-Americans make up about two thirds of the Hispanic population in the United States (Schaefer, 2006). The first indigenous Mexican people were various Indians such as Mixtec, Aztec, Mayan, Olmec, Toltec, Zapotec, and Teotihuacan who assimilated with Spaniards after Spain invaded Mexico. Mexican families were typically male dominated but close-knit due to respect...
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...in the region, similar to the one made in Spain that brought Tleefonica to be a private com-pany. The expansion didn’t start in Europe, mainly due to a tacit agreement between te;lecommunication companies in Europe, that stated that they shouldn’t invade each other’s market. ( Youngs, R 2000 )“ The single market had opened the floodgates to EU investment to come pouring into Spain. In order to survive, Spanish companies were obliged to begin looking for new markets. Few companies in Spain were competitive enough to prosper in other parts of the EU, needing easier markets elsewhere [CEPAL, 1997: 92]. This was a more robust explanation of Spanish FDI trends than those predicated on cultural factors. While frequently alluded to, the role played by cultural and linguistic commonalities was difficult to quantify and was seen by most Latin American policy-makers as deliberately overplayed by Madrid [Russell, 1999: 24]. If they did not themselves provide the incentive for the explosion in Spanish FDI, cultural factors did, however, help Latin America become the natural focus for Spanish companies seeking for the first time to establish a...
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...is at stake. Both Terralumen and Delta have shortcomings in the area of international business and Blue Ridge is the only stakeholder in this mix who has the necessary experience and expertise to manage this crisis and find a resolution. Considering the overall profitability of the Blue Ridge brand in Spain and existing investments by each joint venture member, the position from this white paper is to recommend a restructure of the business model to leverage the strengths within the joint venture organization and tailor the Blue Ridge total product more closely to the Spanish market. Dissolution of Blue Ridge Spain Delta and Blue Ridge do not have adequate knowledge of the market; this is supported by the fact that Management for the joint venture came from Terralumen and dissolution would result in loss of necessary expertise, which would hinder Delta’s ability to function effectively in Spain Spanish people have a distrust of foreigners (BRS p.4), it took two years for Bennett to establish the joint venture with Terralumen (BRS p.5). Therefore if Delta...
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...granted the City’s motion for summary judgment (i.e. ruled in favor of the City without going to trial). The employees appealed. How it all started: In the spring of 2002 the City's Street Commissioner, Holmes Willis, received a complaint that because Street Dept. employees were speaking Spanish, other employees could not understand what was being said on the City radio. Willis informed the City's HR Director of the complaint, and she advised Willis that he could direct his employees to speak only English when using the radio for City business. Plaintiffs claim that Willis instead told the Street Dept. employees that they could not speak Spanish at work at all and informed them that the City would soon implement an official English-only policy. On June 18, 2002, one of the senior employees, Tommy Sanchez, wrote a letter to the HR Director and the City Administrator, Michael Nettles, expressing concerns about the new policy. Sanchez felt that employees had not been given proper notice of the new policy under the City’s Personnel Policies & Procedures Manual and proper procedures were not followed when implementing this policy. Sanchez reported that Willis had told him that Hispanics speak Spanish because of “insecurities” and that Sanchez too would “feel uncomfortable if another race would speak their native language in front of [him]". The letter also requested an investigation into discrimination charges in accordance with the City’s Manual. In July 2002, an English-only official...
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...Our product: ALSTOM: (very) HIGH SPEED TRAIN STUDIED COUNTRY: SPAIN (Europe) Specificities of International Marketing INTRODUCTION: ALSTOM: 2 products selected: http://www.hellopro.fr/images/produit/ Very high speed: Following on from the success of the TGV, Alstom has developed the fourth generation of very high speed trains: the AGV (Automotrice Grande Vitesse). In 2007, Alstom et a new world rail speed record of 574.8 km/h. High speed : With its tilting train technology, the Pendolino can travel at speeds of up to 250 km/h, without requiring specific changes to the infrastructure. Alstom has developed a range of regional trains that are reliable, efficient and comfortable. http://www.alstom.com/home/activities/rail_transport/from_the_tramway_to_the_agv/ 2010 I COUNTRY PRESENTATION: SPAIN A peaceful transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. www.cia.gov (extracted from Country Introduction feb. 2010) http://www.voyage-net.com/bons-plans/espagne.php Political regime: constitutional monarchy: * Head of State: King Juan Carlos I, since 22 November 1975 * Head of Government: President of the Government: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, elected 14 March 2004. https://www.cia...
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...The Spanish Inquisition was the most famous Inquisition that took place in the Middle Ages. It lasted for 365 years, ending in 1834, and an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed under various accusations of religious heresy. The Spanish Inquisition is a prime example of religious persecution, something that has been repeated many times throughout history. For example, the similar accusations in the Salem Witch Trials. The Spanish Inquisition was was a period in history that occurred because of ideas synonymous to those of the Salem Witch Trials, they had the same idea of targeting personal enemies with invalid reasoning causing unfair denunciation of many innocent people. The Spanish Inquisition was put in place in 1478 by King Ferdinand...
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...Conversos in the Inquisition Spain had an enormous Jewish community in the middle ages and toward the end of the fourteenth century large numbers of them were converted to Catholicism. A “converso” is a person who converted to Catholicism, under either duress or out of social convenience, and was suspected of secretly practicing the Jewish faith. These individuals converted for a variety of reasons. Some of them were forced while some of them went willingly into Catholicism. The term converso was applied not only to the generation that converted but also to their children and their grandchildren and on down through the generations. People often question whether or not the intensions of coversos was correct because of the danger they put themselves and their families in. This proposes the issue of why society creates such violent circumstances in which individuals must lie about private matters, like religion, in order to save their lives. In 1391 there were terrible riots sweeping across southern Spain. People were offered the choice of converting or being killed. Some 20,000 Jews converted under those circumstances. They had no intention of becoming Catholic. They were not educated in Catholicism and they went on living their Jewish lives as they had previously done. Twenty years later there were a series of preaching campaigns run by the Dominicans, which converted many tens of thousands of Jews, largely by persuasion. These people were interested in becoming Catholic...
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...What is Bilingualism and how do people communicate bilingually? A critical analysis of the topic in the book “Academic Writing: Making the transition” by Steve Marshall. The book has a number of definitions for the term Bilingual. Edwards (1994), states that virtually all people were bilingual in nature. He stated that anyone who can communicate few words of another language is bilingual. This is to say that for example, if someone went on holiday to another country and could exchange a simple greeting in the foreign language, then he would be considered to be bilingual. The writer of the article states that the definition by Edwards is far from what most people consider to be bilingual because most people define bilingualism as the ability to fluently speak two languages. The problem with the Marshall’s statement is that he has not explained how he found out that most people define Bilingualism to be the ability to speak two languages fluently. He simply assumes this without giving conclusive evidence. It would have been better if he would have conducted a research or had the opinions of people on what they considered to be bilingual and would conclude based on the response by the people. Edwards’s definition is also ambiguous because the assumption that simply speaking a word of a foreign language makes one bilingual makes almost all people of the world bilingual because most people know few words of a foreign language and this would mean that everyone is bilingual...
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... 3 4 5 9 12 14 15 16 2. General country information 3. Structure of the 10 steps professional selling sales cycle 4. Professional selling behavior in Spain according to the 10 steps 6. Conclusion 7. Sources 8. Appendices 5. The unique characteristics of the Spanish (selling) business culture The 10 step selling process refers to a sequential series of actions by the salesperson that leads towards the customer taking a desired action and ends with a follow-‐up to ensure purchase satisfaction. We will provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the 10 steps of the professional selling sales cycle and will apply this to the 3 1. Introduction...
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...prepare students for what their futures hold. Spanish is a college course that should be required in every student’s curriculum for many reasons; like the employment opportunities one can choose from are enormous; traveling to different countries can open up many abroad opportunities, and students will be able to communicate with millions of people who speak Spanish. Students will also have a better understanding of different Spanish speaking cultures. Many people do not see the enormous opportunities that learning Spanish has. Studying Spanish will help students gain an overall better knowledge of the Spanish language. Spanish speakers are a fast growing population, especially in the United States because the U.S is where the majority of Spanish speakers migrate to. The Spanish language is spoken everywhere in the United States. Young children can now learn basic phrases and can count to ten thanks to educational television such as Dora the Explorer. Understanding and speaking Spanish is extremely valuable when it comes to employment opportunities. Many corporations are giving preference to bi-lingual candidates. These potential employees become more desirable, especially in a rough job market and in a down economy. Today, most companies and corporations buy, sell, or trade their wares to global markets. Sales positions can open up a whole new market for Spanish speaking employees. In paraphrasing the article, “Spanish Language Interpreter Jobs” written by Sarah Rogers...
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