...Spanish Period (1565-1872) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Long time before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancient ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. The first alphabet used by our ancestors was similar to that of the Malayo-Polynesian alphabet. Whatever records our ancestors left were either burned by the Spaniards friars in the belief that they were works of the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees, dried leave sand bamboo cylinders which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them. Other records that remained showed folk songs that proved the existence of a native culture truly our own. Some of these were passed on byword of mouth till they reached the hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the ancient Filipinos. The Spaniards who came to the Philippines tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, songs, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy today and which serve to show to generations the true culture of our people. Pre-Spanish Period The Pre-Spanish Period Historical Background Long before the Spaniards...
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...Chapter 3 Spanish Period (1565-1872) Historical Background It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature started to flourish during his time. The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than three centuries. During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos. They embraced the Catholic religion, changed their names, and were baptized. Their lifestyles changed too. They built houses mad of stones and bricks, used beautiful furniture like the piano and used kitchen utensils. Carriages, trains and boats were used as means of travel. They held fiestas to honor the saints, the pope and the governors. They had cockfights, horse races and the theater as means of recreation. A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE 1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet. 2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine. 3. The Spanish language lent many of its words to our language. 4. European legends and traditions became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros. 5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects. 6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino. 7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone. B. THE FIRST BOOKS 1. ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THECHRISTIAN DOCTRINE) first book...
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...1. Philippine Literature During the Spanish Period 2. Objective: • To be able to understand how Literature started during the Spanish Period. 3. Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature started to flourish during his time. The spurt continued unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872. 4. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE 5. 1. ALIBATA 2. Christian Doctrine 3. Spanish language became the literary language this time 4. European legends and traditions 5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog 6. Grammar books were printed in Filipino 7. Religious tone 6. ALIBATA 7. THE FIRST BOOKS 8. 1.Ang Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine) 2.Nuestra Senora del Rosario 3.Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre 4.Ang Barlaan at Josephat 5.The Pasion 6.Urbana at Felisa 7.Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary) 9. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS 10. 1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog language) 2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language) 3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary) 4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango vocabulary) 5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary) 6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language) 7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol Language) 11. FOLK...
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...The book, printed in Gothic letters and Tagalog1 characters on paper made from the paper mulberry, now browned and brittle with age, consists of thirty-eight leaves, comprising a title-page as above, under a woodcut2 of St. Dominic, with the verso originally blank, but in this copy bearing the contemporary manuscript inscription, Tassada en dos rreales, signed Juan de Cuellar; and seventy-four pages of text in Spanish, Tagalog transliterated into roman letters, and Tagalog in Tagalog characters. The size of the volume, which is unbound, is 9⅛ by 7 inches, [4]although individual leaves vary somewhat due to chipping. Some of the leaves have become separated from their complements, but enough remain in the original stitching to indicate that the book was originally made up in four gatherings, the first of twelve leaves, the second of ten, the third of ten, and the fourth of six. Although the book is of the size called quarto, the method of printing must have been page by page, so it is doubtful that each sheet was folded twice in the usual quarto manner, but more probable that it was printed four pages to a sheet of paper approximately 9⅛ by 14 inches, which was folded once. The volume is printed throughout by the xylographic method, that is to say, each page of text is printed from one wood-block which was carved by hand. Along the inner margins of some pages are vertical lines which were made by the inked edge of the block, and the grain of the wood has caused striations to appear...
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...Chapter 1: Questions for Discussion 1. Discuss why ethics is important in business. • Business Ethics paves the way for a common understanding of the fundamental idea of what is good and what is bad in our human conduct. Without ethics, people will set their own moral standards which would result into a kind of subjective morality. 2. Refute the businessman’s myth that “ethics has no place at all in business.” • Business is a social activity thus, being a social activity it should conform to the norms, rules and principles of this society. These standards are embedded in ethics. 3. Explain the phrase: “Not all that is legal is moral, but what is moral is worth legalizing.” • An action may be legal but not necessarily moral. Ethics provides a clear distinction between morality and legality. Consider abortion- in some countries abortion is legal but in the Christian faith abortion is an immoral act. 4. Define Business Ethics. What is your own personal definition of Business Ethics? • Business Ethics is the study of what is the right and wrong human behavior and conduct in business. • For me, business ethics is putting a conscience in the science of profit making. 5. Explain the phrase: “Ethics is the unwritten law written in the hearts of men.” • I interpret that as ethics has been a tried and tested guide of men in ages that have been handed down from one generation to another. These are actions that society consider as the proper action given a particular circumstance...
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...the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees, dried leave sand bamboo cylinders which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them. Other records that remained showed folk songs that proved the existence of a native culture truly our own. Some of these were passed on byword of mouth till they reached the hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the ancient Filipinos. The Spaniards who came to the Philippines tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, songs, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy today and which serve to show to generations the true culture of our people Pre-Spanish Period The Pre-Spanish Period Historical Background Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. The first alphabet used by our ancestor was similar to that of the...
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...the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees, dried leave sand bamboo cylinders which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them. Other records that remained showed folk songs that proved the existence of a native culture truly our own. Some of these were passed on byword of mouth till they reached the hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the ancient Filipinos. The Spaniards who came to the Philippines tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, songs, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy today and which serve to show to generations the true culture of our people Pre-Spanish Period The Pre-Spanish Period Historical Background Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. The first alphabet used by our ancestor...
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...The most Intense Transit periods Concerning what this period is set to bring you on a professional level I can already let you know that this Transit will be one of the most intense and beneficial periods of your entire career. This period will allow you to really take off and make great advances in your career and I have a lot of things to tell you about this period so let me start with this first piece of news... As I told you in my initial pre-reading for you, this period will mark a moment of victory on a professional level. What I sensed about you initially has largely been confirmed and it appears that this victory is in direct relation with new openings and a development towards foreign countries. To be a little more precise about this Transit, you will have a bright idea that you don't yet even suspect and this idea will become very important for you as it will be transformed into a veritable challenge which will help you distinguish yourself and to shine professionally. This idea concerns a project which you have had in mind for a long time now and which you care a great deal about or this may be an old idea in fact which resurfaces. At any rate, I can see that it is something you have already thought about but which hasn't come to anything yet because it quite simply hasn't been the right moment yet. Well, I can tell you that the moment WILL come during this period. I can also see that this project will greatly evolve in comparison to what you have in mind...
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...that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements. Date of the financial statements means the end of the most recent accounting period for which financial statements are being presented. It is implicit in this condition that it must be probable that one or more future events will occur confirming the fact of the loss. b. The amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. According to ASC 450-20-25-2, M International should accrue the liability for the loss contingency and disclose the liability within their year-end December 31, 2007 financial statements. ASC 450-20-30-1 determines what amount should be accrued and disclosed if both conditions are met in ASC 450-20-25-2. ASC 450-20-30-1 specifies that: If some amount within a range of loss appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount shall be accrued. Therefore, M International should record the $17 million as the liability for the contingency because it is the most likely amount within the range of $15 million to $20 million. 2. For the year-end December 31, 2009, financial statements, should M adjust its liability? If so, what amount should be recorded; and should the amount of the adjustment be considered a 2009 event or a prior period adjustment? M International should adjust the liability it accrued for the contingency due to ASC 450-20-50-3, which states: Disclosure of the contingency shall be...
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...contentment. Because the desert did not provide the necessary food items to endure particular seasons, the O’odham for example traveled up the mountain in winter to a permanent water source such as a spring. In the summer months, the people would travel to arroyo mouths where they would construct brush dams to prevent flood runoff from ruining their varieties of corn, melons, tepary beans, squash and other crops. Harvest would therefore run around October and November months that would typically yield 1/5th of the O’odhams yearly food supply. When they were not seasonally traveling, the people of the desert would farm and gather wild foods such as cholla buds which nourished you before planting could start, pear fruits, mesquite, agave, and...
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... |Guardian | | | | |Employee Coverage |Employee Coverage | |$10.00 per pay period ($20.00 per month) for my coverage under the |$16.78 per pay period ($33.56 per month) for my coverage under the | |Group Health Insurance Plan. |Group Health Insurance Plan. | | | | |Employee and Spouse Coverage |Employee and Spouse Coverage | |$179.22 per pay period ($358.44 per month) for coverage of myself and |$34.27 per pay period ($68.54 per month) for coverage of myself and | |my spouse under the Group Health Insurance Plan. |my spouse under the Group Health Insurance Plan. | | | | |Employee and Child(ren) Coverage |Employee and Child(ren)...
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...day 51? 3. Given the project network and baseline information below, complete the form to develop a status report for the project at the end of period 4 and the end of period 8. From the data you have collected and computed for periods 4 and 8, what information are you prepared to tell the customer about the status of the project at the end of period 8? (See template below for Exercise 13-3) Ch13 Ex1,2,3,4 Templates EV.doc 1 of 6 10/10/2011 12:31 PM Earned Value Exercises Ch13 Ex1,2,3,4 Templates EV.doc 2 of 6 10/10/2011 12:31 PM Earned Value Exercises End of Period 4 Task Actual % Complete A B C D E Finished 50% 33% 0% 0% EV ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ AC 300 1000 500 0 0 ____ PV 400 800 600 ____ ____ ____ CV ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ SV ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ Cumulative Totals End of Period 8 Task A B C D E F Actual % Complete Finished Finished Finished 25% 33% 0% Cumulative Totals EV ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ AC 300 2200 1500 300 300 0 ____ PV 400 2400 1500 0 ____ ____ ____ CV ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ SV ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ Ch13 Ex1,2,3,4 Templates EV.doc 3 of 6 10/10/2011 12:31 PM Earned Value Exercises 4. Given the following project network, baseline, and status information, develop status reports for periods 2, 4, 6, 8 and complete the performance indexes table. Calculate the EACf and the VACf. Based on your data, what is your assessment of the current...
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...Childs growth and development (personal effort and engagement) I psychic -physical factors. Childhood - conquest to conquest in a constant rhythm constituting joy and happiness. Sensitive period for the co-ordination of movement sees the mind and body working in harmony Three stages of learning- (connecting)- Three stage process which fills out early basis skills with knowledge and understanding • Child’s new powers of concentration (support the first stage) • Repetition and striving for control (help drive the second stage)-- Characteristics of the sensitive period of Co-ordination • Purposeful activity (Guided by Will and becomes the basis for third stage) Sensitive periods can be blocked/hindered • if the child is not given freedom of choice and movement; or • if his spontaneous activities are determinedly distracted or blocked; or • she is admonished for her repetitive behavior, Preventing the child from manifesting the activity prescribed by the sensitive period is also likely to have negative impacts on the child’s psychic development resulting in • being powerless • frustrated and unable to work. • feelings of anxiety may overwhelm Child’s interest and determination causing Child’s energy, natural love and joy to be wasted • Child will fail to realize his Will. Child cannot externalize the fruit of his intelligence. • Child suffers disturbance, wrapping of a being, a spiritual martyrdom- whose scars are borne unconsciously by most...
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...reminded me of a stone mortar called “mortero de piedra” in Spanish. We use this stone mortar to make a spicy salsa, so when ever I look at the ding vessel it reminds me of my own culture. It has the same structure with the four legs to support the “bowl” on the top. The ding vessel was used for cooking as well as in my culture with the stone mortar. They were also used for storage and rituals offerings to their ancestors. When this vessel was used during rituals it was a symbol of authority. If someone owed more than one of this kind of vessel they were associated with power and domination over land. The decoration has a lot of significance in this kind of vessel. For example in the most common ding vessel, the final type of decoration was the inscription.These inscriptions were used to identify the function of the vessel, the owner or they could simply be poems or even stories of why the ding was created. Another thing that amazed me was the different styles of art comparing a Japan vessel with a Korean vessel. When we discussed about those two pieces of art in class I was so interested in knowing why the styles were so similar yet different at the same time. After the discussion we had I was comparing both objects and I noticed more differences than similarities and it all had to do with the time period. The Korean vessel was from 3000 B.C.E and the vessel from Japan was from the Middle Jomon period. The styles from each vessels can be described as unique in...
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...Meiji Japan. In 1867/68, the Tokugawa era found an end in the Meiji Restoration. The emperor Meiji was moved from Kyototo Tokyo which became the new capital; his imperial power was restored. The actual political power was transferred from the Tokugawa Bakufu into the hands of a small group of nobles and former samurai. Like other subjugated Asian nations, the Japanese were forced to sign unequal treaties with Western powers. These treaties granted the Westerners one-sided economical and legal advantages in Japan. In order to regain independence from the Europeans and Americans and establish herself as a respected nation in the world, Meiji Japan was determined to close the gap to the Western powers economically and militarily. Drastic reforms were carried out in practically all areas. The new government aimed to make Japan a democratic state with equality among all its people. The boundaries between the social classes of Tokugawa Japan were gradually broken down. Consequently, the samurai were the big losers of those social reforms since they lost all their privileges. The reforms also included the establishment of human rights such as religious freedom in 1873. In order to stabilize the new government, the former feudal lords (daimyo) had to return all their lands to the emperor. This was achieved already in 1870 and followed by the restructuring of the country in prefectures. The education system was reformed after the French and later after the German system. Among those...
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