...SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZs) with example of MUNDRA PORT & SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, GUJARAT (MPSEZ) Submitted by:- Executive Summary Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were established in many countries as testing grounds for implementation of liberal market economy principles. SEZs are viewed as instruments enhancing the acceptability and credibility of transformation policies, attracting domestic and foreign investment and also for the opening upon the economy. SEZs in India seek to promote the value addition component in exports, generate employment as well as mobilize foreign exchange. Globally, many countries initiated Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)which eventually led to a spurt in investments in infrastructure developments for Free Trade Zones (FTZs) and SEZs. A close examination of the evolution of SEZs in countries with similar economies as India eg; China, Iran, UAE and Jordan, will help us to understand their success stories and thereby implement those factors, in order to curb the SEZ bottlenecks faced by India today. The Shenzhen SEZ in China is a perfect example of a SEZ success story. In India, the government has been proactive in the development of SEZs. They have formulated policies, reviewed them occasionally and also ensured that ample facilities are provided to the SEZ developers as well as the companies setting up units in SEZs. These favorable conditions resulted in the biggest ever corporate rush for the development...
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...Externalities of Special Economic Zone. RATIONALE OF THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATION For developing countries, special economic zones (SEZs) traditionally have had both a policy and an infrastructure rationale. In terms of policy, the SEZ can be a useful tool as part of an overall economic growth strategy to enhance industry competitiveness and attract foreign direct investment (FDI). Through SEZs, governments aim to develop and diversify exports while maintaining protective barriers, to create jobs, and to pilot new policies and approaches (for example, in customs, legal, labor, and public private partnership aspects). SEZs also allow for more efficient government supervision of enterprises, provision of off-site infrastructure, and environmental controls. The category SEZ includes free trade zones (FTZ), export processing Zones (EPZ), free Zones (FZ), industrial parks or industrial estates (IE), free ports, free economic zones, and urban enterprise zones. LITERATURE REVIEW 1) Introduction In this research paper sector specific studies are conducted that analyze efficiency and its variations over the years and studies attempting to shed light on variations in terms of efficiency across major Indian states. These studies explored both stochastic and parametric approaches with respect to the efficiency estimation issue. However, in the context of SEZs, there exist no studies that analyze efficiency aspect of these enclaves either within the SEZs or across zones over the period...
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...Introduction to Economic Zones “Export else perish “ these are the words of first Prime Minister of India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. India being a continent like country having 30 states, more than 1000 languages and world second largest man power having diversified natural conditions right from Rain Forests of Kerala, Ice Mountains of Himalaya, Runn of Kuch to productive land of Bramahaputra has great potentials of world class export worthy products from various industries like Agriculture, Engineering, Chemicals, Software’s, Gems and Jewellry, Pharmaceuticals, Bio technology and many more. During last fifty years, mostly ours exports have been less than our imports and the balance of trade been unfavorable. In 1990-1991 India had faced real pressure on the balance of payment. During this period, exports had stagnated and there was a crisis in foreign reserves which lead to an emergency situation in India. Liberalization policy was announced in June 1991. It is the precious gift of Dr Manmohan Singh to the people of India at a time when the country was in the grip of unprecedented economic crisis and political turmoil. One of the areas in which this policy focused on was on increasing India’s export. And the trickle down effect of these reforms has lead to the advent of SEZ In this age of Globalisation, there is a need for every nation in the world to perform well economically. With the improvements in science and technology and the raising standards of living worldwide...
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...Why did special economic zones succeed in China? Word Count: 2479 November 26, 2013 Why did special economic zones succeed in China? !2 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to find out the reasons behind the success of China’s special economic zones (SEZs). This paper examines different policies that China implemented in the SEZs and other advantages that SEZs possess while other regions in China do not in an attempt to find out factors made so successful. The reasons behind the success of SEZ in China can be divided into two different aspects: economic and political. This paper is mainly separated into two parts. The first part describes the political changes that China has made and how these changes benefit SEZs. The second part explains how different economic policies that are implemented and advantages SEZs have contribute to their success. Introduction Ever since its establishment, the Chinese government had been following the Stalinist economic model, a communism political-economic system created by the Soviet Union (Zhang, 1989), in which there was absolutely no consideration for the role of the market. This economic system undoubtedly benefited China in the very beginning. Yet, China’s economy had dropped significantly after a few decades, especially the time during the Great Leap Forward (Zhang, 1989). Not only did China suffer from domestic problems, such as outdated production technology, low industrial productivity, and declining...
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...Trends of IT Industry in Indian Economy – An Analysis N.Swapna1 & N.Sujatha2 1 Dept. of Economics, Telangana University, NZB & Dept.of Economics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India 2 Dept.of Economics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India E-mail : Swapanjali111@gmail.com1 Abstract - The Indian Information Technology and Information Technology Enabled Services (IT-ITES) industry has been contributing its role in the economic development of India since post liberalization era. The pace growth of this industry is considered as a growth driver for the economy. India has become as “IT Super Power”. The performance of IT industry can be revealed with the evidence of its contribution to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the country, provision of employment opportunities all over the country, IT services and software exports and revenue to the country. This paper examines how does the IT industry is playing its predominant role in Indian economy with its various trends in the contribution to the GDP of India , IT exports, IT revenue trends and employment opportunities. Keywords - IT-ITES, Contribution to GDP, Employment, Exports and Revenue. I. utilities and services for globally oriented businesses. The SEZ Act 2005 envisages key role for the State Governments in Export Promotion and creation of related infrastructure. A few salient features of SEZ scheme are as under: INTRODUCTION The Government of India has identified IT industry as one of the...
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...INDONESIA, Considering : a. that, to realise prosperous an community impartial, based on Pancasila (National Ideology) and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, it is necessary to develop sustainable national economy based on economic democracy in order to achieve the objective of having a state; b. that, pursuant to mandate written in the Decision of the People Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia Number: XVI/MPR/1998 concerning Political Economic in the framework of Economic Democracy, investment policy should properly be -2- based on people economy by involving the development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, and cooperatives; c. that, to accelerate national economic development, as Indonesian well as political sovereignty, it to and is economic necessary increase investment for economic potential into economic strength originating from realise by making the the real using both to capitals domestic and overseas; d. that, in confronting global economic changes and Indonesia’s participation in a variety of international cooperation, it...
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...The Potentialities and Sustainability of Export Processing Zones in a Competitve Environment in an Integrated Economy:Evidence from Tanzania By Joseph S.Kiria Introduction and Background Proposed research is literally about potentiality of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) in achieving strategic objectives envisaged in the national vision development objectives in Tanzania. Study explores the potentiality and sustainability of EPZ as a development strategy in the context of linkage with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and its benefits in a competitive environment. An understanding of this subject is important for at least four reasons.Firstly, government spends part of its limited budget through fiscal incentives to subsidize EPZs. This is a revenue loss to the governemnt, and such budgetary impact have implications on other government development programmes. Secondly, though EPZs strategy may look impressive, it may be constrained by the level of competiton created by liberalization, therefore, identifying challenges and limitations facing the regime in the competitive environment encouraged by free trade regime is important to enhance its sustainability.Thirdly, there is evidence elsewhere that it is mainly cheap labour and excellent infrastructure but not fiscal incenntives that attract export-oriented FDI.A proof will provide a lesson and new experince in the context of this study.Lastly, Tanzania experience on EPZ has not been explored enough partly due to the newness...
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...the country. The Special Economic Zones have been conceive d with a view to provide an Internationally competitive and hassle free environment for exports and world class infrastructure over an unprecedented large geographical area. It allows Government to experiment with redical economic reforms on a localise basis, introducing reforms that a difficult to implement at the national lavel, given the country large size and social disparity. The units in the zone have to be a net foreign exchange earner but they shall not be subjected to any predetermined value addition or minimum export performance requirement. All the laws and regulations related to labour, custom, environment clearances, taxation, FDIs etc. in the zones have been sufficiently relaxed or done away with and have been designed to make units globally competitive. This draft report is prepared for setting up Special Economic Zone NOIDA in Ghaziabad district in NOIDA in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The draft report is being prepared by New Okhla Industrial Development Authority based on the report prepared by consultants for the Govt. of UP for setting up Taj Special Economic Zone is District Bulandshahar in the State of Uttar Pradesh. SEZs - A global Overview: Most of the countries in the world have ridden SEZ/FTZ vehicle in attracting FDI, increasing international trade and attaining over all economic development Since 1950's most of the countries in the world have adopted export zone for example US...
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...Special Economic Zones in India were established in an attempt to accelerate foreign investment and endorse exports from India and recognizing the need of a global platform to expose the domestic firms and producers to the competitive world market. The announcement of formulating a Special Economic Zones policy in India was made by the government in April 2000 and was anticipated to be an overseas province for trade purposes, commercial operations, duties and taxes. SEZs when equipped are anticipated to provide premiere infrastructure services and sustenance services, besides permitting for the tariff free import of merchandize and raw materials. Furthermore, attractive financial subsidiaries and trouble-free custom tariffs, banking and other methods are provided in such business zones. Establishing SEZs is also recognized as communications development methods. Mentioned below are some of the salient features of Indian Special Economic Zones: Indian SEZs are developed by government, private and joint sector, unlike its international counterparts where zones are chiefly maintained by their respective governments. This provides equal prospects to both Indian and global players. Government has allocated a least favorable area of 1,000 hectares for Greenfield SEZs. Although, there are no limitation in context of favorable area in constructing sector specific SEZs. 100% of Foreign Direct Investment is allowed for all endowments in Special Economic Zones, apart from activities...
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...PRADEEP SANTHOSH S 14DM148 PGDM SECTION C Land Acquisition Act empowers Government Acquisition of private land for public purpose or for assignment to land less poor for house sites. RDO is the land acquisition officer. Requisition for the land has to be received from the requisitioning authority. The first stage in the land acquisition process is Draft Notification. Joint inspection of LAO and requisitioning authority has to be conducted. During the Draft Notification stage proposal are sent to the Collector along with various documents such as Draft Notification, joint inspection note, extract of Fair Adangal for the lands, extract of Village Account no. 3 etc. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013[1] is an Act of Indian Parliament that regulates land acquisition and provides laid down rules for granting compensation, rehabilitation and resettlement to the affected persons in India. The Act has provisions to provide fair compensation to those whose land is taken away, brings transparency to the process of acquisition of land to set up factories or buildings, infrastructural projects and assures rehabilitation of those affected. The Act establishes regulations for land acquisition as a part of India's massive industrialisation drive...
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...its development? Second, what can we learn from this story? The article starts with a brief introduction about how important the economic development is. Then the article uses few paragraphs to point out different development methods during different reformation period of China. At the end of the introduction, the author threw out the two main points which have already mentioned above. On the next section, the author began to focus on the time-line of China’s development. He listed out events and reformations paragraph by paragraph. This section help the readers better get their ideas into shape. In order to make a strong argument, Kuotsai Tom Liou provided few forms while he was talking about China’s macroeconomic structural reformation. Next, the author dug in-depth and discussed about the four major strategies implemented that readers should focus on. The four major strategies are: the contract responsibility system, the dual price system, special economic zones, and administrative reform. These changes all represent different reform periods. Next then, the author summed up little bit, he used one section to talk about the lessons we should learn from economic development. In this section, the author overall expounded how Chinese development experience occurred and became successful while it interact with government, environment, special economic zones. The author then ended the article up with a succinct conclusion. Analysis: Pros: As mentioned above, in order to make a strong...
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...ON “STANDARD LIVING OF BANGLADESH ” Submitted to- Md. Rezwanur Rahman Associate Professor Department of Management Carmichael College, Rangpur. Department of Management Carmichael College, Rangpur. Submitted By- Md. Amin Hossain Class Roll: 4092 Roll: 9818619 Registration: 1768100 Mobile: 01744480430 Submission Date: ............................. Letter of Transmittal Shehab Jil Karnine Lecturer Department of Management Carmichael College, Rangpur Subject: Submission Of Term Paper Sir, It has been a great pleasure to submit my Term Paper of successfully on Standard living of Bangladesh. I am trying to make the best collection of data Standard living of Bangladesh. I have invested my every effort to represent the management process of Dhaka EPZ. I have aimed to use this report for the academic purposes only. I will be grateful and pleased as well having any suggestions, directions or recommendations for further improvement of the Term Paper. I hope my Term Paper will satisfy you and I would also like to thank once again for your kind assistance in this regard. Yours sincerely Md. Amin Hossain Class Roll: 4092 Roll: 9818619 Registration: 1768100 Mobile: 01744480430 Acknowledgements At first I must convey my sincere gratitude to my respected teacher “Md. Shehab Jil Karnine” who was my department advisor during the internship program. It was because of his thorough guidance that...
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...Modern Port – Capacity = 150,000 TEUs – Berth = 22m x 300m – Port Area = 30ha+ – Port Equipments = 03 Travelling Cargo Cranes, 04 RTG’s, Reach-Stackers, and Sky-Stackers • Construction of infrastructure - Chinese Soft loan • Contractor : Shanghai Construction (Group) General Company • Construction period : 30 months, started operation 01-01-2013 • Location : 30km downstream from current location NCT’s Administration Building New Container Terminal (LM17) NCT’s Container Terminal Overview of NCT Project • Phase 2 – CY expansion • To accommodate 300,000 TEU/year • Expected: By 2015 • Phase 3 – CY expansion • To accommodate 500,000 TEU/year • Expected: After 2017 • Special Economic Zone (SEZ) • • • • Bonded Warehouse Agricultural Processing Zone Industrial Zone Expected: After 2013 Overview of NCT Project • MOU with Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs on “Cooperation in the field of port development” • Support from JICA for “Feasibility Study for Phnom Penh Autonomous Port New Container Terminal’s SEZ and Associated Facilities” CONTAINER TRAFFIC AND FORECAST FOR 2013 (TEUS) 120,000 110,000 100,000 95,333 81,631 80,000 62,256 60,000 TEUs 47,504 40,000 38,233 47,507 43,314 30,281 20,000 7,630 15,526 2003 2004 15,526 2005 30,281 2006 38,233 2007 47,504 2008 47,507 2009 43,314 2010 62,256 2011 81,631 2012 95,333 2013 (Plan) 110,000 TEUs 7,630 II. PPAP’s Passenger...
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...IKEA in India: An Opportunity for Success James Baskerville, Irina Damianoff, Jacquelynn Mantel, and Teressa Paulus Indiana Wesleyan University Assignment ADM510 Team Project Paper Team Project Paper Rubric: The Team Project report was graded according to the rubric below |Criteria |Points Possible |Point Achieved | |Spelling, grammar and mechanics - Excellent |15 | | |Description of the Organization – good detail |20 | | | Opportunities for Global Expansion – great research |30 | | |Challenges to Global Expansion |30 | | |Expansion Options and Recommendations – team did a great job with the analysis and support |30 | | |APA citations & references page |15 | | |TOTAL |140 | | ...
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...tBeautiful, but Bold? Zeenat Jadwet, TY B, 3105 After winning an overwhelming majority on its own, the BJP has, in its first two policy statements—the railway budget and the Union budget—unambiguously initiated a recalibration of the government’s ideology towards the right. Clearly this is a government, emboldened, no doubt, by its 282 seats, yet many question how much of this was divulged in the highly anticipated budget. Principle of continuity was seemingly chosen over political consideration, causing many a people to question the intentions of Mr. Jaitley and the Modi Government. Reconciliation with a flawed inheritance, is what Is evident by the budget, leaving expectations of path breaking reforms, or “Modification”, postponed if not shattered. This said, the budget does very successfully incorporate small, viable steps aimed at curing long standing issues of deficit, investor skepticism and inflation. Faced with a near-empty treasury and massive outstanding obligations, Mr. Jaitley had very little room to maneuver. It was either quoting a more realistic fiscal deficit, thereby corroding investor confidence or accepting the rather wishful goal of Mr. P. Chidambaram of 4.1% for 2014-15, which he invariably did. This though is based on the premise of growth in the coming months. Accepting that full disclosure would leave a scar on the rather upbeat mood, subjecting the ‘Ache din’ promise to mockery the Jaitley-Modi duo stuck to the UPA II guidelines. If the...
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