...Discuss and critically evaluate the arguments put forward by the specific ingredients perspective and the common factors perspective, regarding the mechanism and effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy. Since its development during the 19th century more than three hundred and fifty distinct popular counselling and psychotherapy strands have emerged into the modern counselling field (Sparks, Duncan & Field, 2008). The years prior to psychotherapy’s birth were dominated by psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches and its practice was largely restricted to physicians (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013). Psychotherapy’s arrival was not unnoticed from opposing schools of thought who were quick to question its scientific basis. Traditionally Eysenck (1952) not only challenged psychotherapy’s efficacy but also argued that it was “potentially harmful” (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013:88). However, supporters of psychotherapy refuted Eysenck’s (1952) view and debate surrounding the fields worth began to accumulate. As a result psychotherapy research for the next few decades would focus on determining whether therapy was effective (House & Loewenthal, 2009). Subsequently, a plethora of studies that demonstrated its efficacy emerged (Smith Miller & Glass, 1980; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Ahn & Wampold, 2001). So much so, that early studies revealed the treated population fared much better in comparison to their untreated counterparts (Sparks, Duncan...
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...RESEARCH DETAIL TITLE : Effectiveness and Appropriateness of Therapeutic Play Intervention in Preparing Children for Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study. RESEARCHER: 1. Cheung Li, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing Studies, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. 2. Violeta Lopez, PhD, is a Professor and Head of School, School of Nursing (NSW and ACT), Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. SUBMITTED DATE : January 25, 2007 ACCEPTED DATE FOR PUBLICATION : July 21, 2007 PUBLISHED DATE : April, 2008 JOURNAL : Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing INTRODUCTION It can be observed today that nursing is a dynamic profession,both internally and externally due to constant change occurring in the profession. As a dynamic profession, nursing is responsive and is adapting to meets the needs of patients and the public.Nursing is a practice discipline, which is dependant upon a high level of professionalism,ethics and human values that demand for intellect, skills and a high sense of social responsibility.The knowledge and essential skill that increased dramatically make nurses leading and developing new services in health care delivery. Nurses roles and resposibilities will continue to change in line with the health reforms that are improving care for patients.Therefore, nurses need to be encouraged...
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...of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT), is a standard therapeutic manual useful for clinicians in training and providing step by step guides to the practice of EFT, including transcripts of client therapy sessions, role play and suggested approaches. In almost every chapter of the book are examples of in session dialog, which provides the clinician with a clear picture of what tasks are expected and the possible response of clients and the interpretation of the response. This is helpful to clinicians in training as it provides a road map to follow when practicing this dialog with clients in session. CHAPTERS 1: The Field of Couple Therapy 1. The emergence and growth of EFT 2. The EFT approach 3. How is EFT different from other approaches 4. Where does the EFT Theory of Change come from 5. What does EFTY look like 6. The process of change 2: An Attachment View of Love: The EFT Philosophy (the relationship is the client) 1. The EFT perspective on adult love 3: The EFT Theory of Change: Within and Between 1. Integrating systemic and experiential perspectives 2. Summary: The primary assumptions of EFT 4: The Basics of EFT: Tasks and Interventions. Expanding Experiences and Shaping Dances 1. The key role of empathy 2. Task 1: the creation and maintenance of a therapeutic alliance 3. Task 2: the accessing and reformulating of emotion 4. Which emotion to focus on? 5. Skills and Interventions: assessing and reformulating emotion 6. Task 3: Restructuring...
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...Group Therapy Interventions for Combat Veterans Suffering from PTSD Name Academic Institution Author Note Class Professor Date Group Therapy Interventions for Combat Veterans Suffering from PTSD The process of group therapy can be extremely beneficial for individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the interventions used in the group therapy setting must be appropriate to each individual within the group, adding a level of complexity to the job of the therapist choosing the interventions. By using a number of different therapeutic theories and interventions, the therapist can hope for the best possible results for the group as a whole and for the individual clients. Some of the most flexible therapeutic frameworks that work well in group therapy settings are cognitive-behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, and psychoeducation. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a popular therapeutic framework that has been used with great success with patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. One intervention suitable to the group therapy setting is thought-stopping. Thought-stopping involves analyzing the thought patterns our brains have created and interrupting the process at the point where thoughts begin to turn irrational. For example, in the group therapy setting a member of the group may report that while walking on the sidewalk one day, a man began to approach from the opposite direction and the group member, a combat veteran...
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...in the future in the most positive way. According to Kotzalidis (2006) the most intriguing part of the placebo effect is the very process of how it works. It is believed that there are many pathways of the endeavors of the placebo effect and not just one specific pathway of spontaneous healing, though this thought can’t be ruled out either. This study concluded with the fact that, the mind controls most of the body healing and factors such as environment, trust in the doctor, the structure of the pill, the person’s knowledge concerning the experiment and the person’s point of view in the events occurring to him/her. Chan and Thompson (2006) point out, in clinical nursing research, the use of credible placebos is often impractical; it could be contended that it is often impossible. They also administer a great many specific treatments such as medicines and some physical therapies and the extent to which the human contact involved in these activities renders them effective or not is often a moot point. It was also stated their and asked “If the human contact is the effective ingredient, or a significant aspect of the effectiveness, is the specified treatment a placebo? If the human contact is effective in the absence of a specific treatment is it the effective ingredient or is it in fact a placebo in itself.” Inert is a chemical term meaning that a substance does not react with others, as would be the case with an inert chemical being used in place of a drug in a clinical trial. The...
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...PN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING EDITION . CO NT ASTERY SERI ES TM N E R EV MOD IE W LE U PN Mental Health Nursing Review Module Edition 9.0 CONtriButOrs Sheryl Sommer, PhD, RN, CNE VP Nursing Education & Strategy Janean Johnson, MSN, RN Nursing Education Strategist Sherry L. Roper, PhD, RN Nursing Education Strategist Karin Roberts, PhD, MSN, RN, CNE Nursing Education Coordinator Mendy G. McMichael, DNP, RN Nursing Education Specialist and Content Project Coordinator Marsha S. Barlow, MSN, RN Nursing Education Specialist Norma Jean Henry, MSN/Ed, RN Nursing Education Specialist eDitOrial aND PuBlisHiNg Derek Prater Spring Lenox Michelle Renner Mandy Tallmadge Kelly Von Lunen CONsultaNts Deb Johnson-Schuh, RN, MSN, CNE Loraine White, RN, BSN, MA PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg i PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg review Module editioN 9.0 intellectual Property Notice ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC Copyright © 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All rights reserved. The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations, graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual property rights or licenses...
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...groupwork and the merits of its use in occupational therapy. I will then analyse and discuss some of the factors in groupwork which influence the outcomes and effectiveness of the group including the group composition, the establishment of long-term and short-term goals, and the therapist’s style of leading the group. I will apply these factors to a specific condition for the purpose of demonstration. Finally, I will reflect on my learning of groupwork and how it will influence my future practice. Groupwork theory and use in therapy: Groups are defined by Mosey(1973) as ‘an aggregate of people who share a common purpose which can be attained only by group members interacting and working together’( as cited in Finlay, 2001, p.3). Acording to Blair(1990, as cited in Finlay, 2001) groups are ‘intrinsic to existence’. We are involved in family groups, classroom, peer, sport, work tasks and other groups. Group work is an approach that is widely used across occupational therapy and healthcare settings. ‘Only in more recent times have group practitioners and researchers begun to explore the use of group activities as a therapeutic approach’(Barnes, Howe & Schwartzbeg, 2008). This is in line with the renewed focus on occupation-based, client-based and evidence based practice(Barnes et al., 2008). According to Yalom(1995), there is much support for group therapy in response to available research indicating the effectiveness of group therapy. Results from a survey conducted by the...
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...assignment. Margaret Halladay, Lillian McDonough, Chelsea Bateman, Olivia Robison, Elizabeth Whitsett, Hannah Knabe, Janie Rhodes, and Fangzhong Luo Introduction The nursing students working on 5E, the psychiatric unit at the University of Virginia, identified patient safety as a clinical problem related to inadequate staffing. Previous research revealed that 63% of the staff on this unit identified that inadequate staffing greatly affected patient safety. In order to research this issue further, the nursing students developed a follow-up survey that would help to identify the aspects of patient safety that are most affected. By understanding which aspects of patient safety create an issue on this unit, the group will develop an intervention with increasing safety as the expected outcome. Safety on this unit is difficult to measure because the unit does not face the same problems that staff encounter on Medical Surgical Units. One way to measure safety on 5E is to review the number of patient falls. Data was obtained that revealed in November of 2012, 5E reported the most falls of any unit in the hospital. Other safety markers are difficult to identify and are not regularly measured. During a typical day shift, the staff on the unit consists of four registered nurses (RNs), two patient care assistants (PCAs), one house unit coordinator (HUC), and two therapists, either occupational (OT) or recreational (RT). Twenty-three beds are available on 5E and at the time of...
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...Introduction to Chemical Dependency Group Therapy Comparison 11 April 2012 Dr. Stephanie White Introduction Chemical dependency represents a unique challenge for therapists in providing treatment. Although various models for treatment have been applied to this group, discerning what works requires a more extensive review of what has been noted regarding treatments and outcomes. Using this as a foundation for investigation, the current research examines individual and group therapy interventions for patients struggling with chemical dependency. Through a careful examination of what has been noted regarding both types of interventions it will be possible to make some recommendations for providing therapy to this treatment group. Group and Individual Therapy for Chemical Dependency A review of interventions provided for individuals struggling with chemical dependency indicates that a majority of interventions for this group are delivered in a group setting. For instance, McKay and Hiller-Sturmhofel (2011) assert that the Minnesota Model (12-step program) is commonly used in addictions counseling and treatment and involves a group environment. According to these authors, 12-step programs along with self-help groups typically form the foundation for outpatient counseling and care that is provided to individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUDs). Although outpatient treatment for patients with chemical dependency...
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...The Effects of Healing Touch on Patient’s Health Tiffany Y. Gerard California State University, San Marcos Abstract This paper explores the findings from four peer reviewed articles about the effects of Healing Touch (HT)/Therapeutic Touch(TT) has on patients. The studies represented in the articles vary in their study designs; however they all aim to ask the same two questions. 1) Does Therapeutic touch play a role in the healing process and health outcomes in selected patients; and 2) Secondly, Is there a need for TT to be utilized in further treatment modalities? This paper examines two different oncology patient studies, one osteoarthritis pain study and one study focusing on patients who are being treated in a psychiatric facility. The Effects of Healing Touch on Patient’s Health “Healing Touch (HT) is a complimentary non invasive biofield therapy, which has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain, distress and fatigue. HT purportedly supports the body’s natural healing process and enhances the function of the immune system (Wong, Ghiasuddin, Kimata, Patelesio, & Siu, 2012, pg.1).” The goal of Therapeutic/Healing Touch is to restore harmony and balance to individuals energy systems, which provides the opportunity to self-heal (Wong et al., 2012, pg.27).This paper explores research conducted on the effects of Healing Touch on patients with cancer, pain as and well as other effects on their mental...
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...Task-Oriented Training in a Person with Dementia With Lewy Bodies. The purpose of this article is to use a single study participant to show the effectiveness of the STOMP intervention with a person with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The STOMP intervention is skill building through task oriented motor practice which could be used in future occupational therapy treatments. This is a client centered mixture of task oriented training and motor learning concepts. The intervention was performed because of a lack of evidence based interventions in Lewy body dementia. Even though the impact of the functional limitations within the sufferers is large, treatment in altering or diminishing the losses is not fully studied as...
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...15 words or less while attracting the reader to the research article (Polit & Beck, 2008). The article “Backrest Angle and Cardiac Output Measurement in Critically Ill Patients” by Guiliano, Scott, Brown, & Olson (2003), does include a dependent variable, independent variable, and the population being studied while generating interest from the reader. However, the title of the article does not include each dependent variable or all of the independent variables. Although the article has a fairly strong title, all of the above information should be listed to provide the reader with a clear sense of the research study. Abstract An abstract is a brief overview of the research article that may be in paragraph form or structured in to specific subheadings. The abstract should provide a clear summary of the main features of the research article including the background, objective, method, results, and conclusion (Polit & Beck, 2008). The abstract for the article by Guiliano et al. (2003) clearly states the background, objectives, method, results, and the conclusion which are separated into subheadings. The data within the subheadings is clear and concise making it easy for the reader to understand and determine if the study is of clinical significance. The abstract clarifies the independent variables, dependent variables, and the population studied making...
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...Physical Therapy Association January 2011 Foreword The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) created Today’s Physical Therapist: A Comprehensive Review of a 21st-Century Health Care Profession to provide accurate information for government entities and the public about the history, role, educational preparation, laws governing practice, standards of practice, evidence base of the profession, payment for physical therapy services, and workforce issues unique to the physical therapy profession. As government, private health care entities, and provider groups pursue solutions to the considerable health care provision challenges the United States faces, it is imperative that accurate information about the qualifications and roles of specific providers, in this case physical therapists, be available to inform all entities as they engage in these discussions. APTA is the national professional association representing more than 77,000 physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and students nationwide. The association acknowledges and thanks the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, the national organization representing 51 boards of physical therapy licensure, for input and assistance with this document. © 2011 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. i | American Physical Therapy Association Table of Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...Various Treatments for Children with Cerebral Palsy Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research Dr. Diana Naser Various Treatments for Children with Cerebral Palsy First Quantitative Study Honkavaara, M., Rintala, P., (2010), The influence of short term, intensive hippotherapy on gait in children with cerebral palsy. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 3(2), 29- 36. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a73e5036- 0d8e-4cc4-97c5-ec0c3cbd1e4a%40sessionmgr115&vid=32&hid=104 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short term hippotherapy on functional gait changes in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants were two boys (ages 12 and 13) with spastic diplegia and a girl (14 yrs) with athetoid CP. Single-subject (ABA) design was used to determine quantitative changes in functional gait parameters (velocity, stride length, and cadence) following three weeks of hippotherapy. The two boys demonstrated improvement in stride length and gait velocity without sustained improvement in cadence. There was increase in stride length and cadence, but most noticeable improvements in velocity for the girl. The results indicated that it is possible that short-term hippotherapy may improve functional gait in children with cerebral palsy Second Quantitative Study Galli, M., Cimolin, V., Valente, E., Crivellini, M., Ialongo, T., Albertini, G. (2006). Computerized gait analysis...
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...including situational, developmental, health and illness related, or even organizational transitions. All of these transitions are probable and complex; a client may experience single or multiple transitions that may overlap or occur simultaneously (Smith & Liehr, 2014). Additional major concepts explored in the Transitions Theory are patterns and conditions of transitions, properties of transition experiences, process and outcome indicators, and nursing therapeutics (Smith & Liehr, 2014). Transition conditions identify how an individual or community experience transition and the impact those factors have on moving forward toward a healthy change (Smith & Liehr, 2014). The properties of transition are awareness, self-involvement, individual changes and differences, the time span over which the transition occurs, and important life...
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