...Abstract This paper explores a social psychology study that reports on results from research conducted on negative stereotypes and the effects it has on certain types of people. The study focuses on the phenomenon social psychologist call the “stereotype threat” or the concern of being at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group (Stone et al., 1999). Similar studies have shown that when people are confronted with negative stereotypes about their social identity they tend to perform poorly on a task. On the other hand people tend to do well on tasks when the threat to their social identity is not present. This paper examines Stone’s, Sjomeling’s, Lynch’s and Darley’s experiment focused on whether traditionally non-stigmatized groups such as white college students would also experience distress when their social identity is threatened. Stereotype Threat The anxiety or concern of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s social group in any situation is referred to as the stereotype threat by social psychologist. Ever since it was first introduce by psychologist Claude Steele, the stereotype threat has become one of the most researched topics in the field of psychology, academics, and recently in athletics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the study: “Stereotype Threat Effects on Black and White Athletic Performance,” conducted by Jeff Stone, Mike Sjomeling, Christian Lynch, and John Darley....
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...understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behaviour of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others” (Allport, 1985). However, how to measure this, the research methods to be used and what constitutes useful evidence has caused much debate in the history of social psychology. This essay will compare and contrast the two epistemologies of essentialist and social constructionist approaches to social psychology and the research methods of quantitative and qualitative used in each approach. Essentialists’ view of the world is that the properties possessed by a group are universal in that group and do not depend on context. However, a member of a group may possess other characteristics that are not required to include it as a group member but, it must not have characteristics that preclude it from being a member of the group (Burr, 1995). For example, essentialists believe that personality consists of a number of traits and personality of an individual is established by the level of each of these traits. Essentialists also believe that these traits remain more or less stable over time and it is our personality that influences behaviour (Maltby, 2010). As essentialists are able to classify groups as such, they use quantitative research methods of controlling one or more variables to measure the effects or resulting behaviour of another variable and they posit this can be applied to the whole group. However, some psychologists have posited...
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...Male Adolescent Development Through Sports Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood, and there are a number of changes that take place. My goal for this paper is to address the influence that participating in sports has on the social development of males through adolescence. This is a time where individuals look to find their identity, and with new parental and peer influence, this can be a tough time. I found the interesting twist for this paper to be addressing how sports help or facilitate this development, because going through my adolescence, sports were very important. I feel that participating in sports gave entry to interactions with a number of new people, to keep you socially up to date. With involvement in a league, team, etc., people can establish who they want to be by establishing their relationships with others, and progressing towards a desired identity. In addition, being part of a team allows an individual to gauge themselves against their fellow peers, and see if they are on the same level, or feel inferior. Throughout this paper I am going to explore different steps and events that take place in the social development of adolescence of males in relation to sports. A starting point for social development of adolescence is finding an individual’s identity. At this adolescent stage, you are able to think more critically and abstractly than you do when you are younger (McGrath, 2009). Therefore you can find a deeper perception of yourself...
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...Writer Autobiography When it comes to writing, it may be captivating and enjoyable for some while being threatening and intimidating for others. Throughout my academic career, I have learned a great deal about writing. Starting from grade school all the way up until college, writing has been a fundamental part of my life. I have come to learn that from all my experiences and influences, I have been shaped into a descriptive writer. My strength in writing has always come from describing a situation in as much detail as I can. This shaping of mine has been characterized by certain events and certain people in my life, and it has helped give an identity of what type of writer I am and what type of student I am. In order to develop into an adequate writer with an identity for yourself, one must have been educated a certain way. For me, there was one person in particular that helped turn me into a comfortable descriptive writer. In my sophomore year of high school, my English 2 teachers’ name was Jeannette Maldonado. She, like many of her other peers, was a first year teacher, and I did not expect to get an adequate grasp of writing and literature because of her inexperience. However, Ms Maldonado turned out to be a major turning point in my writing life, as she would not only challenge her students on assignments, but would give constructive criticism and work with you to help develop your ideas. Up until that point, I had been just an average writer and really did not give much...
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...FACULTY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS & LAW RBUS2900 Business Research Method Article Review: Trust and Team Performance This paper will be analyzing and critiquing three main articles of trust and its direct and indirect effect on team performance. The selected articles are collected from the journal of occupational and organisational psychology, organization science and journal of business and industrial marketing, published no earlier than 2009 Contents RBUS2900 Article Review: “Trust and Team Performance” 2 I. Introduction 2 II. Research Design Characteristics 3 III. Summaries of the Three Articles 3 3.1. Article1: “The differential effect of team members’ trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion” (Mach, Dolan & Tzafrir, 2010) 3 3.2. Article 2: “Getting everyone one board: The role of inspirational leadership in geographically dispersed teams” (Joshi, Lazarova & Liao, 2010) 5 3.3. Article 3: “Managerial trust and NPD performance: Team commitment and longevity as mediators” (Doyan, 2010) 6 IV. Critiques of the Three Articles 7 4.1. Article1: “The differential effect of team members’ trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion” (Mach, Dolan & Tzafrir, 2010) 7 4.2. Article 2: “Getting everyone one board: The role of inspirational leadership in geographically dispersed teams” (Joshi, Lazarova & Liao, 2010) 8 4.3. Article 3: “Managerial trust and NPD performance: Team commitment and longevity as mediators” (Doyan, 2010) 9 ...
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...de Siegfried Gudergan, University of Technology Sydney, Siggi.Gudergan@uts.edu.au Abstract Fan satisfaction is with services is a key element to successfully compete in the soccer industry. In this paper we examine the antecedent factors that explain the variations in overall service satisfaction judgements. We draw on service an activities put in place by soccer clubs to illustrate these effects. Based on a literature review, interviews with both soccer fans and an industry expert, we develop a measurement approach for satisfaction which we test subsequently using a large-scale sample among soccer fans. An analysis of the impact-performance implications of antecedent drivers shows that stadium features, team characteristics, and fan-based support for the club and its management are the most important factors that influence overall satisfaction. Keywords: customer service, satisfaction, service experience, service providers ANZMAC 2009 Page 2 of 8 Satisfaction with Services: An Impact-Performance Analysis for Soccer-Fan Satisfaction Judgements Literature review on the relevance of fan satisfaction for soccer clubs Soccer is a multibillion dollar business that represents a vital and weighty factor in national, regional and local economies. With the growth of the sports business sector’s importance over the last few years, the professionalisation of soccer clubs’ structure and management has increased correspondingly. As a result, the terms of business in this industry...
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...This paper will be analysing a newspaper article from The Australian in relation to assimilation and Australian culture. Rintoul (2012) reported in the article that there was support from leaders of multiple faiths in Victoria to install prayer rooms in Australian Rules Football (AFL) venues. However, a former Victorian premier (Jeff Kennett) was against the move, positioning Muslim culture at odds with Australian culture and identity, deeming it incompatible with an iconic part of ‘traditional’ Australian culture. Therefore, this newspaper article may raise the question of whether migrants or Australians of faiths other than Christianity, particularly Muslims, are still expected to assimilate into a “traditional” Australian culture. This is...
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...“Brands have become a ubiquitous phenomenon in our contemporary world. They are indispensable for companies and consumers alike. Critically discuss this contention” “Branding is at once one of the most artificial and yet most real forces in our society” * Kornberger 2010 This paper assesses and discusses the importance of brands in todays world. Focusing on the positive and negative affects brands can have through the initial relationship of a product to a name, to then more importantly its attached meaning and perception. It will also discuss the foundations of branding and how brands have become such a critical requirement for companies to be successful in todays fast moving technological age. Furthermore, it will discuss the notion that individuals are an all consuming machine in pursuit of expression and development through acts of consumption (Kornberger, 2010), known as self and social symbolism. It will discuss the contention of the benefits or detriments this social belief has in modern culture throughout all demographics. Lastly it will discuss the advantages and disadvantages the unescapable influence brands have on consumers, companies and society at large. Brands & Companies Initially, branding of goods began in ancient civilizations in order to determine what the product was and who it was created by as a practical order of business. However, in todays world there are a vast amount of products that can all achieve the same result and differ only...
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...Andy Vu ETHN 14 PROF Mark 26 November 2015 Japanese Internment Camps during World War II: Sports in the Camps. The Bombing of Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941 resulted in President Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 0966 on February 19th 1942, which effected all Japanese ancestry, both citizens and aliens living in America or outside of the Pacific zone. The Executive Order's primary objective were to prevent any espionage and to protect the Japanese people from any harm against Americans who slowly began to become very strong anti-Japanese people who were growing their hate and racial discrimination to the Japanese due to the bombing. With the Executive Order in act, if affected “117,000 people of Japanese descent, two-thirds of whom were native-born citizens of the United States” (as stated through the National Archives.) Evacuation orders were posted in Japanese American communities giving them instructions on what they were to do. This included the Issei who were the first generation Japanese to immigrate to American and also the Nisei who were the second generation Japanese in America. The Japanese were allotted a few days to pack whatever they could and bring it with them. Many families had to sell off their homes, businesses and their belongings at a much lower price they had purchased it for. The 117,000 people of Japanese decent living in the U.S were later removed from their homes and moved to internment camps to prove their loyalty to the United States. During...
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...A Project Report On FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASE DECISION OF BIMTECH STUDENTS FOR SPORTS APPAREL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT AT BIRLA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY Submitted to: Prof. A.K. Dey Submited by- Dhruv Chauhan 14DM074 Dishant Gupta 14DM078 Himanshu Garg 14DM091 Ishan Biswari 14DM096 Jitender Kumar 14DM105 Karan Vithlani 14DM109 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Dr. A. K. Dey Date: 13-12-2014 Professor Operations & Decision Sciences Birla Institute of Management Technology Greater Noida Respected Sir, We would like to inform you that we have completed the project work assigned by you. We are also sending you the results contained in our research report entitled “FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASE DECISION OF BIMTECH STUDENTS FOR SPORTS APPAREL.” As already discussed with you, the said report is based on the inputs obtained from 216 subjects taken from BIMTECH only, Report is arranged in chapters and explains all the details pertaining to the research conducted by us. We have followed the standard pattern of conducting the research. We sincerely hope that the results presented in the report are up to your expectations. We would be looking forward to your feedback. Sincerely, Dhruv Chauhan 14DM074 Dishant Gupta 14DM078 Himanshu Garg 14DM091 ...
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...345). Many brands today mean little to consumers, who have become accustomed to buying on price alone. But a new tool can help companies separate themselves from the crowd. (David Aaker).Branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade due to the growing realization that brands are one of the most valuable intangible assets that firms have. Driven in part by this intense industry interest, academic researchers have explored a number of different brand-related topics in recent years, generating scores of papers, articles, research reports, and books. This paper identifies some of the influential work in the branding area, highlighting what has been learned from an academic perspective on important topics such as brand positioning, brand integration, brand-equity measurement, brand growth, and brand management. The paper also outlines some gaps that exist in the research of branding and brand equity and formulates a series of related research questions. Choice modelling implications of the branding concept and the challenges of incorporating main and interaction effects of branding as well as the impact of competition are discussed. Key Words: Brand, Brand name, consumer behaviour, purchase decision, level of involvement, brand equity , brand extensions. 1. Introduction What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. -Shakespeare Shakespeare had it wrong. A rose by...
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...Gender Identity Paper Isihis Herrera PSY/340 February 13, 2012 Kale Kirkland Gender Identity Paper Male and female is a suggestion to a person’s gender. A person’s gender is whether they see themselves as a man or a woman. Gender identity is the way in which an individual self-identifies with a gender type, for example, as being either a man or a woman. For example when a man sees himself as a woman or a woman sees herself as a man. Misconceptions surrounding gender identity often begin with general confabulation of terms used to communicate about the issue ( Dragowski, Del Rio, Sandigorsky, 2011). Many researchers go by the theories that stand along the nature versus nurture field. Many people assume that sexual preference is a matter of choice but it isn’t (Pinel, 2009). Some people discover their sexual preferences; they don’t choose them. Sexual preferences seem to develop very early, and a child’s first indication of the direction of sexual attraction usually does not change as he or she matures (Pinel, 2009). Still many people debate that people sexuality is a choice. Even thought there has been some Gender development is believed to begin at the time of conception and determined by sex chromosomes (Dragowski, del Rio, Sandigorsky ,2011). It is believe that gender development begins at the time of conception and it is determined by sex chromosomes. When the fetuses began to developed, they begin with a set of undifferentiated gonads and two sets of ducts, Mullerian...
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...[pic] |Course Design Guide College of Humanities SOC/105 Version 5 Introduction to Popular American Culture | |Copyright © 2011, 2010, 2006, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2000, 1999 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This is an introductory course on modern American culture. The course focuses on the interactions between social forces such as advertising, media, and lifestyle and cultural trends in modern American society. Students are asked to cast a critical eye on current trends and changes in our culture. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Petracca, M., & Sorapure, M. (2007). Common culture: Reading and writing about American popular culture (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Overview of Culture ...
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... Individual Q1 Assess the market opportunities and threats for the sport-shoe manufacturer, Asics which is planning to enter the ASEAN market? Ascis today is the forefront business and world wide performance in sports market industry and its currently the leading the running shoe brand athletes. The choice for providing comfort,support, and supirior rides. Ascis has made further developments in its products for both men and women.It has also reached the core of sports industry and sponsership like football and rubgy. Ascis has been in the asian market for many years markets mostly in Japan and well recognised in American continent,In some asian countries like Indonesia,Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia it is well knwon and still developling its brand name in some coutires. Ascis has not only focused on Sports wear but also concentrate on Apperals and expanded its sports shoe products from Running shoes to walking shoes, and football shoes. It is known in Singapore and Thailand the market share of ascis is low but still one of the leading brands. This paper mainly focuses on Ascis and Asean countries development and growth and how it impacts the buiness by entering their market. But this paper mainly focuses on major countries like Singapore and Thailandas they are the emerging market and high business prospects PEST analysis is used for understanding the growth or decline of the market this paper focus on PEST analysis of Singapore,and Thailand but main focus is Singapore...
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...should sound like what Americans know to be as boxing and also to Joyce Carol Oates, “The Cruelest Sport”. “The Cruelest Sport” gives background of not only the dangers of boxing but also how the energy and momentum of this sport is what keeps these raging fans for more action. Oates does not write this paper to talk about the negative, but through it you can see that she too...
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