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DELAWARE INTERSCHOLASTIC ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION
Parents/Guardian: The DIAA pre-participation physical evaluation and consents form is a five page document. Pages one, two and four require your signature while page five is a reference for you to keep. This physical evaluation must be completed after April 1 of the current year playing sports and runs through June 30 of the following year.

Athlete: _________________ Phone: ___________ Age: ________ Gender: ________

School: _____________ Grade: ______

Date of Birth: _________

Parent/Guardian Name: (Please Print)

____________________________________

PARENT/GUARDIAN/STUDENT CONSENTS ________________________ Has my permission to participate in all interscholastic (Name of Athlete) sports not checked below.
If you check any sport in this box it means the athlete will not be permitted to participate in that sport.

Collision
__ football _ ice hockey __ soccer _ boys’ lacrosse __ wrestling

Contact
__ volleyball ___ softball __ field hockey ___ baseball __ basketball ___ girls lacrosse __ squash __ __ __ __

Non-Contact cross country swimming track cheerleading ___tennis ___golf ___crew

1. My permission extends to all interscholastic activities whether conducted on or off school premises. I have read and discussed the “Parent/Player Concussion Information Form” and the list of items that protect against the loss of athletic eligibility, with said participant and I will retain those pages for my reference. I have also discussed with him/her and we understand that physical injury, including paralysis, coma or death can occur as a result of participation in interscholastic athletics. I waive any claim for injury or damage incurred by said participant while participating in the activities not checked above.

Parent Signature: _____________________________ Date:

___________________

Student Signature: ____________________________ Date: ___________________ 2. To enable DIAA and its full and associate member schools to determine whether herein named student is eligible to participate in interscholastic athletics, I hereby consent to the release of any and all portions of school record files, beginning with the sixth grade, of the herein named student, including but not limited to, birth and age records, name and residence of student’s parent(s), guardian(s) or Relative Care Giver, residence of student, health records, academic work completed, grades received and attendance records.

Parent Signature: _____________________________ Date: ___________________ 3. I further consent to DIAA’s and its full and associate member schools use of the herein named student’s name, likeness, and athletically related information in reports of interscholastic practices, scrimmages or contests, promotional literature of the Association, and other materials and releases related to interscholastic athletics.

Parent Signature: _____________________________ Date: ___________________ 4. By this signature, I hereby consent to allow the physician(s) and other health care providers(s) selected by myself or the schools to perform a pre-participation examination on my child and to provide treatment for any injury received while participating in or training for athletics for his/her school. I further consent to allow said physician(s) or health care provider(s) to share appropriate information concerning my child that is relevant to participation, with coaches, medical staff, Delaware Interscholastic Athletic Association, and other school personnel as deemed necessary. Such information maybe used for injury surveillance purposes.

Parent Signature: _____________________________

Date: __________________

■■■ reparticipationPhysicalEvaluation P

HISTORYFORM

(Note: This form is to be filled out by the patient and parent prior to seeing the physician.)

Date of Exam ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name __________________________________________________________________________________ Date of birth __________________________ Sex _______ Age __________ Grade _____________ School _____________________________ Sport(s) __________________________________ Medicines and Allergies: Please list all of the prescription and over-the-counter medicines and supplements (herbal and nutritional) that you are currently taking

Do you have any allergies?  Medicines

 Yes  No If yes, please identify specific allergy below.  Pollens  Food

 Stinging Insects

Explain “Yes” answers below. Circle questions you don’t know the answers to.
GENERAL QUESTIONS 1. Has a doctor ever denied or restricted your participation in sports for any reason? 2. Do you have any ongoing medical conditions? If so, please identify below:  Asthma  Anemia  Diabetes  Infections Other: _______________________________________________ 3. Have you ever spent the night in the hospital? 4. Have you ever had surgery? HEART HEALTH QUESTIONS ABOUT YOU 5. Have you ever passed out or nearly passed out DURING or AFTER exercise? 6. Have you ever had discomfort, pain, tightness, or pressure in your chest during exercise? 7. Does your heart ever race or skip beats (irregular beats) during exercise? 8. Has a doctor ever told you that you have any heart problems? If so, check all that apply:  High blood pressure  A heart murmur  High cholesterol  A heart infection  Kawasaki disease Other: _____________________ 9. Has a doctor ever ordered a test for your heart? (For example, ECG/EKG, echocardiogram) 10. Do you get lightheaded or feel more short of breath than expected during exercise? 11. Have you ever had an unexplained seizure? 12. Do you get more tired or short of breath more quickly than your friends during exercise? HEART HEALTH QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR FAMILY 13. Has any family member or relative died of heart problems or had an unexpected or unexplained sudden death before age 50 (including drowning, unexplained car accident, or sudden infant death syndrome)? 14. Does anyone in your family have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan syndrome, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia? 15. Does anyone in your family have a heart problem, pacemaker, or implanted defibrillator? 16. Has anyone in your family had unexplained fainting, unexplained seizures, or near drowning? BONE AND JOINT QUESTIONS 17. Have you ever had an injury to a bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon that caused you to miss a practice or a game? 18. Have you ever had any broken or fractured bones or dislocated joints? 19. Have you ever had an injury that required x-rays, MRI, CT scan, injections, therapy, a brace, a cast, or crutches? 20. Have you ever had a stress fracture? 21. Have you ever been told that you have or have you had an x-ray for neck instability or atlantoaxial instability? (Down syndrome or dwarfism) 22. Do you regularly use a brace, orthotics, or other assistive device? 23. Do you have a bone, muscle, or joint injury that bothers you? 24. Do any of your joints become painful, swollen, feel warm, or look red? 25. Do you have any history of juvenile arthritis or connective tissue disease? Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No MEDICAL QUESTIONS 26. Do you cough, wheeze, or have difficulty breathing during or after exercise? 27. Have you ever used an inhaler or taken asthma medicine? 28. Is there anyone in your family who has asthma? 29. Were you born without or are you missing a kidney, an eye, a testicle (males), your spleen, or any other organ? 30. Do you have groin pain or a painful bulge or hernia in the groin area? 31. Have you had infectious mononucleosis (mono) within the last month? 32. Do you have any rashes, pressure sores, or other skin problems? 33. Have you had a herpes or MRSA skin infection? 34. Have you ever had a head injury or concussion? 35. Have you ever had a hit or blow to the head that caused confusion, prolonged headache, or memory problems? 36. Do you have a history of seizure disorder? 37. Do you have headaches with exercise? 38. Have you ever had numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arms or legs after being hit or falling? 39. Have you ever been unable to move your arms or legs after being hit or falling? 40. Have you ever become ill while exercising in the heat? 41. Do you get frequent muscle cramps when exercising? 42. Do you or someone in your family have sickle cell trait or disease? 43. Have you had any problems with your eyes or vision? 44. Have you had any eye injuries? 45. Do you wear glasses or contact lenses? 46. Do you wear protective eyewear, such as goggles or a face shield? 47. Do you worry about your weight? 48. Are you trying to or has anyone recommended that you gain or lose weight? 49. Are you on a special diet or do you avoid certain types of foods? 50. Have you ever had an eating disorder? 51. Do you have any concerns that you would like to discuss with a doctor? FEMALES ONLY 52. Have you ever had a menstrual period? 53. How old were you when you had your first menstrual period? 54. How many periods have you had in the last 12 months? Explain “yes” answers here Yes No

I hereby state that, to the best of my knowledge, my answers to the above questions are complete and correct.
Signature of athlete __________________________________________ Signature of parent/guardian ____________________________________________________________ Date _____________________

©2010 American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, and American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine. Permission is granted to reprint for noncommercial, educational purposes with acknowledgment.
HE0503 9-2681/0410

■■■ reparticipationPhysicalEvaluation P

PHYSICALEXAMINATIONFORM

Name __________________________________________________________________________________ Date of birth __________________________

PHYSICIAN REMINDERS

1. Consider additional questions on more sensitive issues • Do you feel stressed out or under a lot of pressure? • Do you ever feel sad, hopeless, depressed, or anxious? • Do you feel safe at your home or residence? • Have you ever tried cigarettes, chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip? • During the past 30 days, did you use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip? • Do you drink alcohol or use any other drugs? • Have you ever taken anabolic steroids or used any other performance supplement? • Have you ever taken any supplements to help you gain or lose weight or improve your performance? • Do you wear a seat belt, use a helmet, and use condoms? 2. Consider reviewing questions on cardiovascular symptoms (questions 5–14). EXAMINATION Height Weight  Male  Female BP / ( / ) Pulse Vision R 20/ L 20/ Corrected  Y  N MEDICAL NORMAL ABNORMAL FINDINGS Appearance • Marfan stigmata (kyphoscoliosis, high-arched palate, pectus excavatum, arachnodactyly, arm span > height, hyperlaxity, myopia, MVP, aortic insufficiency) Eyes/ears/nose/throat • Pupils equal • Hearing Lymph nodes Heart a • Murmurs (auscultation standing, supine, +/- Valsalva) • Location of point of maximal impulse (PMI) Pulses • Simultaneous femoral and radial pulses Lungs Abdomen Genitourinary (males only)b Skin • HSV, lesions suggestive of MRSA, tinea corporis Neurologic c MUSCULOSKELETAL Neck Back Shoulder/arm Elbow/forearm Wrist/hand/fingers Hip/thigh Knee Leg/ankle Foot/toes Functional • Duck-walk, single leg hop a b c

Consider ECG, echocardiogram, and referral to cardiology for abnormal cardiac history or exam. Consider GU exam if in private setting. Having third party present is recommended. Consider cognitive evaluation or baseline neuropsychiatric testing if a history of significant concussion.

 Cleared for all sports without restriction  Cleared for all sports without restriction with recommendations for further evaluation or treatment for _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  Pending further evaluation  For any sports  For certain sports _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reason ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  Not cleared

Recommendations _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I have examined the above-named student and completed the preparticipation physical evaluation. The athlete does not present apparent clinical contraindications to practice and participate in the sport(s) as outlined above. A copy of the physical exam is on record in my office and can be made available to the school at the request of the parents. If conditions arise after the athlete has been cleared for participation, the physician may rescind the clearance until the problem is resolved and the potential consequences are completely explained to the athlete (and parents/guardians).
Name of Health Care Provider (Print/type) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date ________________

Address ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Phone _________________________
Signature of Health Care Provider _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________, MD, DO, PA or NP

©2010 American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, and American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine. Permission is granted to reprint for noncommercial, educational purposes with acknowledgment.
HE0503 9-2681/0410

SCHOOL ATHLETE MEDICAL CARD
(Parent/Guardian: please print and complete Sections 1, 2 & 3) Section 1: CONTACT/PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME:____________________________________________ SPORT(S):______________________________ AGE:____GRADE:____ BIRTH DATE:___________ GUARDIAN NAME:__________________________________ ADDRESS:______________________________________________________________________________________ PHONE: (H)_____________________ (W)_________________ (C)_________________ (P)_________________ Other authorized person to contact in case of emergency: NAME:__________________________________________ PHONE(s):______________________________________ NAME:__________________________________________ PHONE(s):______________________________________ Preference of Physician (and permission to contact if needed): NAME:___________________________________________________ PHONE:_____________________________ HOSPITAL PREFERENCE:______________________ INSURANCE:_____________________________________ POLICY #:________________________ GROUP:_________________________ PHONE:____________________

Section 2: MEDICAL INFORMATION MEDICAL ILLNESSES:______________________________________________________________________________ LAST TETANUS (mo/yr):____________ ALLERGIES:_____________________________________________________ MEDICATIONS:____________________________________________________________________________________ (any medications that may be taken during competition require a physician’s note) PREVIOUS HEAD/NECK/BACK INJURY:_______________________________________________________________ PREVIOUS HEAT ____________________________________ PREVIOUS SIGNIFICANT INJURIES :__________________________________________________________________ ANY OTHER IMPORTANT MEDICAL INFORMATION:__________________________________________________

Section 3: Consent for Athletic Conditioning, Training and Health Care Procedures I hereby give consent for my child to participate in the school’s athletic conditioning and training program, and to receive any necessary healthcare treatment including first aid, diagnostic procedures, and medical treatment, that may be provided by the treating physicians, nurses, athletic trainers, or other healthcare providers employed directly or through a contract by the school, or the opposing team’s school. The healthcare providers have my permission to release my child’s medical information to other healthcare practitioners and school officials. In the event I cannot be reached in an emergency I give permission for my child to be transported to receive necessary treatment. I understand that Delaware Interscholastic Athletic Association or its associates may request information regarding the athlete’s health status, and I hereby give my permission for the release of this information as long as the information does not personally identify my child. Parent/Guardian Signature:_______________________________________ Date:_______________ Athlete’s Signature:_____________________________________________ Date:_______________ Section 4: Clearance for Participation __ Cleared with the following restrictions:

__ Cleared without restrictions

Health Care Provider’s Signature:_____________________________________ MD/DO, PA,NP Date:__________

For office use only: This card is valid from April 1, 20_______ through June 30, 20________ Note: If any changes occur, a new card should be completed by the parent/guardian. The original card should be kept on file in the school athletic director’s or athletic trainer’s office. A copy should be kept in the sports’ athletic kits. This card contains personal medical information and should be treated as confidential by the school, its employees, agents, and contractors. Name of School: ______________________________ Name of ATC: _____________________________

PROTECT YOUR ATHLETIC ELIGIBILITY
YOU ARE NOT ELIGIBLE:
1. If you attend a high school and become 19 years of age before June 15 immediately preceding that school year. (Reg. 1009.2.1.1) If you attend a junior high/middle school that terminates in the 8th grade and become 15 years of age before June 15 immediately preceding that school year. (Reg. 1008.2.1.1.1) If you are not residing with your custodial parent(s), court appointed legal guardian(s), Relative Caregiver, or are a student 18 years of age or older and living in the attendance zone of the school you attend unless you are participating in the Delaware School Choice Program, attend a private school or are a boarding school student. IF YOUR CUSTODIAL PARENT(S), LEGAL GUARDIAN(S) OR RELATIVE CAREGIVER(S) RELOCATES TO A DIFFERENT ATTENDANCE ZONE, YOU MUST NOTIFY YOUR ATHLETIC DIRECTOR IMMEDIATELY. (Reg. 1008.2.2.1 and Reg. 1009.2.2.1) homebound instruction or an alternative school for disciplinary reasons. (Reg. 1008.2.3.4 and 1008.2.3.5 Reg. 1009.2.3.5 and 1009.2.3.6) 6. If you failed to complete the preceding semester for reasons other than personal illness or injury. (Reg. 1008.2.3.6; Reg. 1009.2.3.7)

2.

*3. If you are not legally enrolled at the school which you represent. (Reg. 1008.2.3.1 and Reg. 1009.2.3.1) 4.

*5. If you were absent unexcused or absent due to illness or injury; have been suspended (in-school or out-of-school); or have been assigned to

*7. If you do not pursue a regular course of study and pass at least five credits per marking period (equivalent of four credits in junior high/middle school), two credits of which must be in the areas of Mathematics, Science, English, or Social Studies. IF YOU ARE A SENIOR, YOU MUST PASS ALL COURSES WHICH SATISFY AN UNMET GRADUATION REQUIREMENT. (Reg. 1008.2.6.; Reg. 1009.2.6.1) 8. A student who has previously participated in interscholastic athletics that transfers more than one time during their first year of eligibility shall be ineligible in any sport for a period of ninety (90) school days commencing with the first day of official attendance in the receiving school. The period of ineligibility shall continue to the next grade/school year until 90 school days have passed.
If you transfer after the first day of school of your second year of high school, you are ineligible to participate in any sport you previously participated in for a period of one school year ( Reg. 1009.2.4) current academic year without completing your two-year commitment or receiving a release from the sending school. (Reg. 1008.2.3.3; Reg. 1009.2.3.4)

9.

10. If you participated in the Delaware School Choice Program during the previous academic year and transferred to your “home school” for the

11. If you participated in the Delaware School Choice Program during the previous academic year and transferred to another “choice school” for the current academic year unless you are playing a sport not sponsored by the sending school. (Reg. 1008.2.4.6.1; Reg. 1009.2.4.7.1) 12 If you reached the age of majority (18), occupied a residence in a different attendance zone than your custodial parent(s) or court appointed legal guardian(s), and have not been in regular attendance at your receiving school for at least 90 school days unless you are participating in the Delaware School Choice Program and your application was properly submitted prior to your change of residence. (Reg. 1009.2.2.1.7) 13. If you attend a high school and more than four years has elapsed since you first entered 9th grade, or more than five years has elapsed since you just entered 8th grade in schools with 8th grade eligibility for high school sports. (Reg. 1009.2.7.1 and 2.7.2.1)

14. If you attend a junior high/middle school in which only grades 7-8 are permitted to participate in interscholastic athletics and more than two years has elapsed since you first entered 7th grade. (Reg. 1008.2.7.1)

15. If you attend a junior high/middle school in which grades 6-8 are permitted to participate in interscholastic athletics and more than three years has elapsed since you first entered 6th grade. (Reg. 1008.2.7.2)

16. If you have played on or against a professional team or have accepted cash or a cash equivalent (savings bond, certificate of deposit, etc.); a merchandise item(s) with an aggregate retail value of more than $150; a merchandise discount; a reduction or waiver of fees; a gift certificate or other valuable consideration for athletic participation. (Reg. 1009.2.5.1.4 and 2.5.1.5)

17. If you have used your athletic status to promote a commercial product or service in an advertisement or personal appearance. (Reg.
1009.2.5.1.7)

18. If you have not received a physical examination from a licensed physician (M.D. or D.O.), a certified nurse practitioner or a certified physician’s assistant on or after April 1 and written consent from your custodial parent(s) or court appointed legal guardian(s) to participate in interscholastic athletics is not on file in the school office. (Reg. 1009.3.1.1.1 and Reg. 1008.3.1.1)

19. If you participate in an all-star game not approved by DIAA before you graduate from high school. (Reg. 1009.5.4) 20. If you are a foreign exchange student not participating in a two-semester program listed by the Council on Standards for International
Educational Travel (CSIET). (Reg. 1009.2.8.1.2) 21. If you are an international student not in compliance with all DIAA regulations including Reg. 1009.2.2 residency requirements. (Reg. 1009.2.8.2) *IF YOU ARE NOT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THESE REQUIREMENTS, YOU MAY NOT TRY-OUT,PRACTICE, SCRIMMAGE OR PLAY IN A GAME. NOTE: Consult with your coach, athletic director, or principal for information concerning additional eligibility requirements.

Delaware Interscholastic Athletic Association Parent/ Player Concussion Information Form
A concussion is a brain injury and all brain injuries are serious. They are caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or by a blow to another part of the body with the force transmitted to the head. They can range from mild to severe and can disrupt the way the brain normally works. Even though most concussions are mild, all concussions are potentially serious and may result in complications including prolonged brain damage and death if not recognized and managed properly. In other words, even a “ding” or a bump on the head can be serious. You can’t see a concussion and most sports concussions occur without loss of consciousness. Signs and symptoms of concussion may show up right after the injury or can take hours or days to fully appear. If your child reports any symptoms of concussion, or if you notice the symptoms or signs of concussion yourself, seek medical attention right away.

Symptoms may include one or more of the following:
Headaches Neck pain Disturbed vision Feeling foggy Amnesia Sadness Confusion Pressure in head Balance problems Light/noise sensitivity Drowsiness “Don’t feel right” Nervousness Repeating questions Nausea or vomiting Dizziness Sluggish Changes in sleep Low energy Irritability Concentration problems

Signs observed by teammates, parents and coaches may include:
Appears dazed Vacant facial expression Confused about assignment Forgets plays Unsure of game/score etc Clumsy Responds slowly Personality changes Seizures Behavior changes Loss of consciousness Uncoordinated Can’t recall events before or after hit

What can happen if my child keeps on playing with a concussion or returns to soon?
Athletes with the signs and symptoms of concussion should be removed from play immediately. Continuing to play with the signs and symptoms of a concussion leaves the young athlete especially vulnerable to greater injury. There is an increased risk of significant damage from a concussion for a period of time after that concussion occurs, particularly if the athlete suffers another concussion before completely recovering from the first one (second impact syndrome). This can lead to prolonged recovery, or even to severe brain swelling with devastating and even fatal consequences. It is well known that adolescent or teenage athletes will often under report symptoms of injuries, and concussions are no different. As a result, education of administrators, coaches, parents and students is the key for the student-athlete’s safety.

If you think your child has suffered a concussion
Any athlete even suspected of suffering a concussion should be removed from the game or practice immediately. No athlete may return to activity after an apparent head injury or concussion, regardless of how mild it seems or how quickly symptoms clear, without medical clearance. Close observation of the athlete should continue for several hours. You should also inform your child’s coach if you think that your child may have a concussion Remember it is better to miss one game than miss the whole season. And when in doubt, the athlete sits out.

For current and up-to-date information from the CDC on concussions you can go to: http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/HeadsUp/youth.html For a current update of DIAA policies and procedures on concussions you can go to: http://www.doe.k12.de.us/infosuites/students_family/diaa/ For a free online training video on concussions you can go to: http://www.nfhs.org/education.aspx

All parents and players must sign the signature portion of the PPE indicating they have read and understand the above. rd Adapted from the KHSAA, CDC and 3 International Conference on Concussion in Sport, 4/2011

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...Sports... the main reason for kids/teens wanting to go back to school every year towards the end of summer and because of that, the school shouldn't get rid of sports. Sports are the thing that is basically the support system of your child physical, and emotional development. Sports have a pretty big impact on the students health, because sports allow kids to be able to be active year round. One of the reasons that's always brought up is how sports seem to make the athlete fail in school... which is wrong. What parents don't know is that their children's personality and emotional development comes from being in a school sport. Needless to say, sports don't only give kids more confidence in themselves but it also gives them more rewarding friendships. To add to that, sports help gain high self esteem a load full. The learners that don't do school sports, normally lakhs in self confidence and low self esteem. In a year round study that the, The National Federation of State High School Activities Associations, did shows that...

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Beneficial Sport Activities

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...Competitive sports has been controversial subject in schools lately. Despite this, sports has shown to provide many benefits for students. Athletics has also had a role in the school environment for a very long time. School sports have been shown to develop skills that prove important in life and creates a sense of pride for students. Another benefit seen in studies was the improvement of student academics. Overall, competitive sports should remain in school systems. High school athletics have led to the growth of mental and physical skills. This varies from instilling life lessons, to learning how to stay in shape and keeping up with physical fitness. One former NFL player, Donté Stallworth, tells of the impact sports made on his life “As I move beyond my NFL career, I incorporate much of what coach Al taught me as a teenage boy - teamwork, responsibility, perseverance, accountability- into other aspects of my life” (Stallworth) This excerpt shows that all of these favorable traits were learned during school sports, and that he was able to put them into play throughout his life. All in all, sports lead to the progression of important traits....

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...Congress should make to no law to prohibit children under the age of 14 from participating in any “contact sports”. The news about five 10-year-olds children suffered head injuries during a contact sport game in October of last year in central Massachusetts drawn lots of attention from concerned parents, medical professionals, lawmakers and media. Right on the evening of the same day, the National Public Radio raised the issue that children younger than 14 should not engage in any “contact sport” games. The term “contact sport” has confused the general public. Commonly, people would perceive contact sport as consisting of football, boxing, wrestling or hockey. However, the law has broader indication; the Title IX regulation defines: “contact sports includes boxing, wrestling, rugby, ice hockey, football, baseball and other sports the purpose or major activity of which involves bodily contact.” 34 C.F.R. §106.41(b). Though, Title IX left a huge gap where various courts would decide differently. The Wisconsin Supreme Court on Jan. 27, 2009 held that “cheerleading is not only a sport, but a ‘contact sport’”; therefore, schools, coaches and peers are immune from liability for injuries sustained as a result of the negligence. Neither the Title IX nor Wisconsin court mentioned or...

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...Do you believe school sports can affect a student's grades, or that sports may cause unnecessary injuries to a student-athlete? I believe that sports should not be removed from schools because they have a positive impact on students. Sports give students something to look forward to, a lot of health benefits, and a chance to improve their social lives. Without sports, many students would have more stress and have less social skills to help them communicate in the future. The most important reason school sports should stay is that it gives stressed-out students a relief from their school related responsibilities. It also gives them something for them to look forward to during the long school day. Doctors and specialists are saying that physical...

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...The topic of burnout in athletes is becoming a big problem underlying sports in today’ssociety and can happen as young as ten years old. According to The Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology, burnout is defined as physical, emotional, and social withdrawal from a formally enjoyable sport activity. In a recent article written by Devin A. Markle and Kathryn Scardino, they stated that, “more is not always better.” There are many different causes to burnout in athletes such as overtraining, injury, travel, negative parental influences, dissatisfaction with social life, and unfulfilled expectations (Weinberg, Gould, 2015, p. 514). When dealing with burnout, there are many different signs and symptoms athletes may demonstrate. Some of these...

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