...Assignment Two Urban sprawl, being one of the unavoidable adverse effects of global economic growth, means uncontrolled city expansion. It contributes to higher demand in consumption goods such as the gasoline and vehicles, which allows the economy continues to flourish in many developed countries as well as developing countries (especially in China). However, urbanization poses an acute ecological threat because it highly depends on the massive development of motorization which is a significant driver of more energy and lands consumption and more emissions of global warming gases. Furthermore, as the motorized urban sprawl means unhealthier, less affordable places for the poor to survive caused by the dispersal of their communities, on the one hand, and growing public health problems, on the other, it also creates serious social problems. To address these adverse effects of urbanization, the technological solution is recommended given that nowadays technology plays a crucial role in socio-ecological development. This essay will outline the problems driven by urbanization and argue that the technological solution is not the most fundamental one to deal with the social and ecological problem driven by urban sprawl. In terms of social problems associated with the spread of urban development, the technological solution may pose greater difficulties to cope with the social polarization in the sprawled cities. The global development of urban sprawl will lead to the explosion...
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...cities from the country because of work opportunities. It increases the economy in some aspects, but it also causes many problems such as reduction of valuable farmland near cities and increased urban pollution. Urban sprawl affects the environment by destroying native habitats and increasing urban pollution including air pollution from increased traffic and urban waste into waterways. There are many definitions of urban sprawl. The Heinemann Atlas states that urban sprawl means the spread of urban areas into rural areas such as farmland, forests and coastal lands that lie on the outer edges of cities. In other words, urban sprawl is described by development that increases the distance between the city center and its outer edge. (2003, HYPERLINK "http://www.hi.com.au/atlas/updates/bg.asp?subtopicid=3619" http://www.hi.com.au/atlas/updates/bg.asp?subtopicid=3619) It is estimated that 88% of the world’s population growth next century will be in urban areas. This phenomenon especially in Australia where more than 80% of the people live in cities and coastal areas. Australia’s cities however will continue to grow and the numbers of people both live and work will increase. A number of Australian cities have the problems that associated with urban sprawl. Indeed, some of Australia’s cities are considered the world’s worst in terms of their sprawling nature. For example, Perth’s metropolitan area currently spreads more than 100 kilometers in a North-South direction. The...
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...URAN SPRAWL: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDIES Throughout this article, the main focus is urban sprawl and the non-endearing remedies to fix this growing concern. Three influential forces are the end results of urban sprawl: a growing population, rising incomes, and falling commuting costs. Although these sound positive to societies well being, market failures are distorting their positive social desirability. The allocation of agricultural land converted to urban usage has justified the criticism of urban sprawl by not accounting for the benefits of open space, social costs of road congestion, and developers failing to pay for the infrastructure costs generated. The remedies projected for these market failures in hope of alleviating the spatial size of the city are developmental taxes and congestion tolls (1). Critics raise a few questions about urban sprawl and the possible remedies policy makers could enact. But, are they are justifiable? The first one is, is urban sprawl truly a growing problem affecting American society? Throughout the article, Brueckner states both views on urban sprawl: The criticism against it and how to prevent it, and the benefits of urban sprawl to American society. Another question addressed is, is urban sprawl contributing to the decay of downtown areas? With the growth of urban development, the incentive to rebuild land and housing closer to the city center is reduced. This is because developers can purchase large amounts of farmland further away from...
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...The urban sprawl: History, governing characteristics and solutions of the suburban sprawl Student’s Name Name of University The suburban sprawl: History, governing characteristics and solutions of the suburban sprawl History of the suburbs A suburb is an area on the periphery of a city or a town with a large number of people living on it, usually consisting of single family houses. These settlements have grown to the point of being self sufficient; they have their own malls, hospitals, banks and other amenities that traditionally only found in the city. Suburbs emerged in the 1800’s because of the sharp rise of the urban population and the improvement of the transport infrastructure at the time. It was during this time in history that the sprawl occurred. Cities exploded outward. Contractors started building streets and streets of brick walled houses. An example of this is the construction of suburbs in London where for a long time. One of the earliest examples of suburbs in the United States is the brilliant Llewellyn Park in New Jersey finished in 1853. The rise in suburb settlements intensified in the post World War II period because of the need to house the war veterans and the good economic conditions at the time. Higher population densities per square mile started being witnessed with the east side of Manhattan peaking at 400,000 people per square mile. The governing characteristics arising from the urban sprawl The is a sprawl affects the efficiency with which...
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...In today’s real estate world, space is a premium and being able to navigate between work and the basics of life. To understand just what this means, one needs to understand the basics. Urban sprawl is essentially the same as urbanizing which basically is about a population moving into more rural environments (Conserve Energy Future, 2016). These movements represent the spread of cities into less densely populated land. To make this transition, new urbanism approach is utilized as a means to plan and develop predicated on the traditional ways to build a city or town (CNU, 2015). This basic approach is designed to tie together via walkable distances, shopping, work and housing to allow for a more unitized existence. To make this effective, the approach of smart growth actually encourages the design, development of the mix of residential, office and retail coupled with multiple transportation options (Smart Growth America, 2016). Nowhere has this overall approach best represented than the Reston, Virginia experiment. As a fully planned development and community, Reston by design brought together the individual urban centers to act as standalone cities where as peoples work, housing and retail needs where contained within a walking environments (Richardson, 2010). This approach has a proven track record of success dating back to the 1970’s...
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...Frontier or Sustainable Ethics in Your Region In my opinion, the Frontier Ethics is what is practiced most by humans. I think in some cases humans don't know the facts or have all the information that is needed pertaining to this topic, therefore Frontier Ethics is more dominant for most. However, I feel that if humans were educated in this subject that Sustainable ethics would be practiced more often. With that being said, thinking back on where I grew up I seem to remember that it seemed to be a combination of both Frontier Ethics & Sustainable Ethics depending on the situation at that given time. However, I would lean more towards sustainable ethics being the most prevalent. I had several Aunts and Uncles that had their own timber company and most of the timber was used in everyday living for them especially during the winter months. They re-used and recycled about everything that they could. There was no looking at it from a frontier ethics standpoint when it came to timber supply because it wasn't an option to move elsewhere. Thus is why they made any resource last as long as it could and they did a lot of planting as well. Energy was preserved a lot because they used oil lanterns as much as they could. Whereas, two of the frontier ethics mindset is that the earth is an unlimited bank of resources and if the supply runs out there's always more elsewhere. The mindset where I grew up was geared more towards sustainable ethics mainly because they had to make due...
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...-Chapter8 10/16/02 10:21 AM Page 176 Page 1 of 3 Urban Sprawl How can urban sprawl be controlled? Main Ideas • Many metropolitan areas in the United States and Canada have sprawled, or spread out, farther and farther. • Cities are focusing on smartgrowth solutions to urban sprawl. Places & Terms A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Richard Baron is a real estate developer who urban sprawl infrastructure smart growth sustainable community tried to address the related problems of urban sprawl and inadequate low-income housing. In 1996, he began building Murphy Park, an affordable and attractive housing complex in mid-town St. Louis, Missouri. The development has more than 400 units and contains both apartments and townhouses. It has plenty of green space, art and day-care centers, and an elementary school. More than half of Murphy Park’s units are reserved for people with low income. Baron’s solution—to bring the attractive features of suburban living to the city—is one of many that are being applied to the problem of urban sprawl. Growth Without a Plan Those Americans and Canadians who can afford it often choose to work in a city but live in its suburbs. They are usually attracted by new, upscale housing, better public services, and open space. As suburbs become more numerous, metropolitan areas become larger and more difficult to manage. (See chart to the right.) Growth of U.S. Metropolitan Areas URBAN SPRAWL Poorly planned development that spreads a city’s population...
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...Introduction The local issue this report will focus on is the impact of increasing population densities and urban sprawl on the CBD and surrounding areas. The issue is that an ever-increasing population and higher densities will mean worse roads and higher rate of traffic related problems, higher crime levels, fewer facilities for the general population, higher price of living, more expensive land prices and increased pollution levels as well as other problems. Since urbanisation began as a trend since the last half of the century, Australia has been facing problems accommodating the swelling population. Geographical processes relevant to the issue include • migration • urbanisation • spatial inequality • urban development • sustainability...
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...gentlemen and fellow debaters. Tonight I, along with my fellow team mates, will convince you that Urban Sprawl should not be restricted. (We agree/disagree with the oppositions definition of this debate, state their definition) We have defined ‘urban sprawl’ to be the expansion of a metropolitan or suburban area into the surrounding environment, specifically in Australia. Thus, to restate the case, we believe that it is both unreasonable and unnecessary to prohibit urban sprawl in a thriving country like Australia. As first speaker, I will argue that restricting urban sprawl would mean restricting a city or town’s ability to expand infrastructure required for economic growth. I will then continue on...
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...Consequent to these reforms phenomenon, key cities in India are in the midst of restructuring space, in terms of both use and form. The Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) policies of the government of India and opening up of FDI in real estate sector have brought a big boom in the development of large scale private townships variously known as Integrated, NRI or High-Tech townships. These kind of townships are coming up on the peripheral areas of large cities like Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Gurgaon, Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Bangalore occupying areas up to 1000 acres and beyond. Rapid urban growth, marked by the number of million-plus cities increasing from 23 in 1991 to 35 in 2001, has led to the problems of urban sprawl, unregulated ribbon development, increasing problems of inadequate urban infrastructure and deteriorating quality of urban livability. The lack of planning that characterizes most suburban growth has resulted in higher transportation costs in terms of money, time and inconvenience for suburban residents, in higher public sector costs, in undesirable land use patterns and in the inadequate supply...
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...Commuting, Transportation Spending and Urban Sprawl Roy L. Coxon April 29, 2015 Dr. Hatten My overall topic for my research project is Commuting, Transportation Spending and Urban Sprawl. The purpose of this project is to design a research study to determine and clarify what effect urban sprawl has on private-vehicle commuting costs and household expenditures. Let us first look at the definition of sprawl. There is no universally accepted definition although there have numerous attempts to institute a unified definition of this multifaceted concept. Sprawl is defined as low-density development with residential, shopping and office areas that are isolated, a lack of thriving centers and limited choices in travel routes (Ewing, 2002). Sprawl is ever-present and its effects are impacting the quality of life in every region of America, in our large cities and small towns. The contextual factors (historical) of sprawl go back to 1937 when Earle Draper first created the term “sprawl” in 1937 (Nechyba, 2004). To document the presence of urban sprawl and urban population levels is to look within urban areas at the evolving relationship between suburbs and central cities. The conversion of a primarily rural population in 1790 became increasingly centered in cities over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Only about 5 percent of the U.S. population lived in urban areas in 1790 as that figure tripled by 1850 and surpassed 50 percent by 1920. The 2000 Census...
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...This resource explains the identification and regulation of what Urban Sprawl is, moreover, it also explains the causes and effects of the residential development over time. In a short abridgment, urban sprawl is delineated as a lowly dense, residential and commercial expansion upon underdeveloped, and primitive landscapes. Some causes/effects that were presented throughout the database were: Lower Land Rates: A lower cost has been established/settled upon lands and houses in the outer suburbs of the cities. Improved Infrastructure: There is an enlarged spending rate on certain types of infrastructures and foundations including roads and electrically-powered machinery. Lower House Tax Rates: Cities will generally have a high property tax...
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...Levittown: Visionary Urban Design or just Urban Sprawl? Gail A Bigelow April 23, 2006 University of Central Florida Levittown: Visionary Urban Design or just Urban Sprawl? Levittown isn’t a visionary product of high design, there weren’t any major architects to give it pizzazz yet it endures today, by sheer force of will, to be the working stiff’s utopia, his escape from the inner city, the place where he could get away from the noise and dust of the city, a place that was affordable, where he could be king of his own single-family detached castle, he could enhance his quality of life and be just far enough away, but not too far… After World War II the returning veterans demands for housing became more insatiable, it was a right, given what they had been through. Returning veterans were living in attics, basements and Quonset huts or sharing housing with others in the same boat. The young men and women were ready to get back to a normal life – get married and have families and that meant finding a place of their own. The houses were their reward. A single-family house in the suburbs, fully equipped with the best appliances, became a patriotic mission. Many were looking for something new and different than what they had grown up with, they wanted to get out of the inner cities. They knew they’d have to work in those cities, but they didn’t have to live there or raise a family there. During the...
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...Urban sprawl and motorization are currently critical issues, because together they cause environmental problems as well as ecological and social issues which pose a threat to human health and social stability. Urban sprawl also called urban development, as expansion from the centre to outskirt, more cars are used, and then, leads to more vehicles exhaust emissions which are the main factor of climate change. More car use results in motorization, a lack of communications with friends and family results in social fragmentation. The Global Climate Coalition (GCC), the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and environmentalists suggest answers to these problems. This essay argues that some solutions work more effectively to these focusing on climate change, loss of land and negative impacts on public health. Climate change forms a serious threat to the environment, urban sprawl has resulted in serious emission of greenhouse gases as more cars are used which requires more energy use. Then, more and more global warming gases are released which leads to critical environmental problems. Martin (2007) points out car and land use lead to more greenhouse emissions. And cars and facilities are the main producers of global warming. Thereby, Environmental problems are having become acute in the twenty-first century. Gonzalez (2005) also indicates that expansion the city results in more emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, and more energy use which is also a main...
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...Urban sprawl is the product of industrialization. The sprawl pattern of urban development reflects the progress of human society. However, in the original intention of increasing economic benefits and motivating automobile industries, urban sprawl also brings a series of malpractices gradually on contrary to the expectation. It results in not only the ecological problems, but also the social problems. Despite the fact that technological solutions serve humanity, assisting them to alter the natural environment, technological solutions have not achieved the capacity to solve all the problems absolutely in current society. Consequently, this essay holds the view that technological solutions cannot adequately address both the ecological problems and the social problems for the reason that technological solutions are just the makeshift methods to alleviate the exterior problems, and have not raveled out these problems from the fountainhead. Technological solutions only can try to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions, but cannot completely cope with global warming at the background of global motorization, which is the deniable fact. Apparently, it is unfair and unpractical for developing countries to limit the carbon emissions. According to Huimin Li and Ye Qi (2012), the carbon emissions have positive correlation with the increasing of GDP. Hence, it is no denying that developing countries like China have tremendous demanding for boosting the industry and the manufacturing. For instance:...
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