...Notion of More Testing Christopher de Vinck has worked in the education field for over forty years, and through his vast experience he has shown that there are many different ways to test a student that will get the same results that a standardized test should be able to achieve (Vinck 2015). With Vinck’s professional background of fifty years, his ethos, clearly shows that he is able to show the audience of teachers and educational politicians that his opinion on standardized testing to be creditable. The logos of Vinck’s article, show the varying statistics of students and the variables that can cause stress to the students. Politicians believe that teachers are to blame for the lack of high test scores for standardized...
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...ANALYZING AND SYTHESIZING IDEAS The English Department description: The ENC 1101 capstone project focuses on analyzing and synthesizing ideas from at least two complex texts. At the end of the unit, students should * Interact with a group of texts, explore alternative perspectives, and present a new perspective of their own; * Summarize multiple complex texts indicating understanding of the authors’ arguments and rhetorical strategies; * Develop a focused thesis that indicates their analysis and synthesis of assigned readings to arrive at their own perspective; * Use textual evidence effectively to support claims; * Cite sources appropriately using MLA or other assigned style manual; * Use syntax, punctuation, and spelling effectively in service of rhetorical purpose. Assignment: Your final essay will loosely based on the structure of a ‘literature review.’ As such, it will be either a closed-form, thesis-based structure or a thesis-seeking structure. You will choose one of the following topics and at least two of the assigned articles and create a synthesis essay based on them. Your paper should do the following: 1) introduce your research question and thesis (the answer to your research question and the argument you are defending), 2) summarize the articles from the authors’ perspectives, 3) compare and contrast the themes of the articles according to your research question, and 4) analyze the articles from your perspective and come to a conclusion...
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...Standardized Testing- How Beneficial is it? Student Name Toulmin Model Position Paper English Comp II – 112 Phaire Due Date – mm/dd/yy Word Count – nnn Outline Position Statement: Is ‘No Child Left Behind’ a valid method of assessing school, teacher and student performance? No, I do not think this act is a valid method to assess school, teacher and student performance. Rhetorical Context: This issue will address all the problems that are occurring because of the standardized testing which is taking place in all public schools. This issue is important to parents who have children going to public schools because it gives them an overview of what is wrong with this act. It is also important for the teachers and school administrators since they take some part in shaping the curriculum around standardized testing. Audience Analysis: The audience for this essay will be the parents because they are able to make changes to this act. Many parents may not understand the problems that this act is causing which can be quite harmful for their children. Many parents let the government make laws for the schools, because they think if the government is doing it, it must be right. Claim: The ‘No Child Left Behind’ act is not a valid method to assess school, teacher and student performance. Reasons: There are many reasons why ‘No Child Left Behind is not working. 1. The same tests are used for all students...
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...Running head: ENGLISH-ONLY DEBATE PAPER English-Only Debate Paper Anne-Cecile Grundy Grand Canyon University ESL 523N September 26, 2010 Abstract English language learners are a very heterogeneous and complex group of children, with diverse gifts, educational needs, backgrounds, languages, and goals. They are the fastest growing section of the student population in schools and offer challenges and opportunities to the American education. In this study, the writer will explore the arguments of both sides of the English-only issue, which started decades ago and is still very active today. Emphasis will be placed on the comparison and contrast of the positions presented by advocates and opponents of the English-only debate and will be supported with state’ voter-driven initiatives and laws relating to English language learners. English-Only Debate Paper In the eighteen century, education in the United States was provided in different languages: German, Dutch, French or Swedish. After World War I, when German was a proscribed language, the American population started to think about an education solely in English. However, until 1968, the language policies were left to the discretion of the school, church, city, or state. At this time, the federal government dictated how the non-English-speaking students should be taught, and therefore, started a very controversial debate in the public education sector (Porter, 1998). “In September 1995, Representative John T. Doolittle...
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...Educator Guide to the 2014 Grade 7 Common Core English Language Arts Test THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of The University MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ................................................................ ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D. ............................................................... ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ....................................................... JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. .......................................................................... GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ........................................................................... HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. .................................................................................... JAMES R. TALLON, Jr., B.A., M.A. .......................................................................................... ROGER B. TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................... CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. ..................................................................................................... BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D. ............................................. LESTER W. YOUNG, Jr., B.S., M.S., Ed.D. .............................................................................. CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .......................
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...Fundamentals of quantitative research Suphat Sukamolson, Ph.D. Language Institute Chulalongkorn University Abstract The main purpose of this article is to introduce some important fundamental concepts of quantitative research to readers especially novice researchers. It comprises types of research, definitions of quantitative research, different types and assumptions of quantitative research, when to use and not to use quantitative methods, advantages, common approaches and samples of quantitative research, and common misconceptions. Besides, a set of criteria for evaluating quantitative research proposal is provided. The main focus is on the assumptions underlying the quantitative research and some of the misconceptions that many researchers have when they are conducting a research study. Types of Research It is not easy to say how many types of research there are because different researchers or educators may use different criteria to classify research types. Generally speaking, research can be classified into 3 main groups based on the application of the research study, its objectives in undertaking the research and how the information is sought. Each group can be subdivided into different types as follows: (Kumar, 1996) Types of research Applications Pure research Applied research Types of information sought Objectives Descriptive research Correlational research Exploratory research Explanatory research Quantitative ...
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...------------------------------------------------- Why Teach? Why do teachers teach? It is a rather simple question, however the question, what is a teacher, must be addressed first. Merriam-Webster’s definition of a teacher is “one whose occupation is to instruct" (Merriam-Webster, 2008, para. 1). That is a rather one dimensional definition of a teacher, as teachers these days, offer so much more to the class than just the information. They offer themselves. A collective definition of a teacher, is someone who “yearns to help children learn, watch them grow, and make a meaningful difference in the world” (Teacher Support Network, 2007, para. 2). This definition must be the main reason as to why individuals pursue teaching as a career. Generally the pay is low to fair, but the overall rewards are much greater, for as a teacher one can touch the hearts of the young and open their minds in order to tap their thirst for knowledge. ------------------------------------------------- [edit]The Long Road Becoming a teacher is a lengthy process obtained by numerous routes, such as night school or attending a four year college. Regardless of the process it is important to obtain at least a Bachelors degree in the desired teaching area, as well as a teacher certification which should include clinical experience (Lewis, L., Parsad, B., Carey, N., Bartfai, N., Farris, E. & Smerdon, B., 1999, para. 3). The average starting salaries were about $31,704 in the year 2003-04, whereas the...
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...European-style parliaments were transplanted to many African societies during the era of decolonization, including in Benin and Togo, only to collapse as the military usurped their powers.1 We first need to establish the influence of certain underlying economic and social conditions on democratic consolidation before proceeding to examine the impact of powersharing institutions in subsequent chapters. As Dahl points out, where the underlying conditions are highly unfavorable, then it is improbable that democracy could be preserved by any constitutional design. By contrast, if the underlying conditions are highly favorable, then democratic consolidation is likely with almost any constitution.2 But many cases fall into the muddy middle-ground. The analysis of cross-sectional time-series data illuminates the general patterns and what conditions count, focusing upon examining the role of wealth, the size of nation states, colonial legacies, regional diffusion, and the degree of ethnic heterogeneity. Each of these factors can be regarded as ‘structural’ constraints on political development, meaning that it is difficult for domestic policymakers or the international community to alter these conditions in the medium to short-term, if at all; for example countries cannot change their histories or chose their neighboring states, although they can attempt to grow their economy. The East Asian cases of South...
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...Analyzing and Interpreting Literature 2012 Examination Guide These materials are owned and copyrighted by the College Board. They may not be posted on the Internet or on any other public document sharing site. The materials in these files are intended for PERSONAL USE ONLY. Violations of this policy may be subject to legal action including, but not limited to, payment for each guide that is disseminated unlawfully and associated damages. V isit our website at w ww.collegeboard.org/clep f or the most up-to-date information. © 2011 The College Board. College Board, CLEP, College-Level Examination Program, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. inspiring minds is a trademark owned by the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org. Introduction This is the only official guide to the 33 College-Level Examination Program® (CLEP®) exams. CLEP exams are administered on computer test centers across the country. This Guide has been written mainly for adults who are making plans to enroll in college, but it contains information of interest to others as well. College-bound high school students, current college students, military personnel, professionals seeking certification and persons of all ages who have learned or wish to learn college-level material outside the college classroom will find the Guide helpful as they strive...
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...CHAPTER 2: Rebyu ng mga Kaugnay na Literatura at Pag-aaral SUBMITTED BY: de guzman, Aldous ranielle PASCUAL, ELISHA DANIELLE D. OMBID, JUSTINE KENNETH S. SALVADOR, JEMELZON ANGGUZ DJORGE SUBMITTED TO: Maam Marianne Shalimar g. del Rosario CHAPTER 2: Rebyu ng mga Kaugnay na Literatura at Pag-aaral And edukasyon ay isang bagay na mahalaga na dapat taglayin ng isang indibidwal. As it defined, it is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training. Moreover, it frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one think, feels, or acts may be considered educational (Wikipedia). That is the reason why, the Philippine government assigns the highest budgetary priority (Article XIV sec. 5 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution) to provide free education to all. According to one of the readings, education is absolutely beneficial for society on the whole. It is a lifelong process to each person that needs to be reinforced throughout life. However, we need education system that may eradicate illiteracy and may provide the common man an access not only to basic education but also to higher and technical education. Education is a teaching and learning process that involves teachers whose function is to teach young individuals and learners who will gain all the learning imparted...
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...Teaching and Teacher Education 36 (2013) 77e91 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Teaching and Teacher Education journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tate Grammar matters: How teachers’ grammatical knowledge impacts on the teaching of writing Debra Myhill a, b, *, Susan Jones a, Annabel Watson a a b University of Exeter, UK University of Wollongong, Australia h i g h l i g h t s Teachers’ grammatical knowledge influences what students learn about writing. Limitations in teachers’ grammatical content knowledge can generate student misconceptions. Teachers’ ‘applied’ knowledge is more significant than declarative knowledge. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 27 June 2012 Received in revised form 17 July 2013 Accepted 19 July 2013 Teaching grammar has been mandated in statutory curriculum documents in England since 1988. Yet despite this, research evidence continues to suggest that metalinguistic knowledge is an area of challenge for many teachers. Drawing on data from a larger study, this paper considers the role of teachers’ grammatical knowledge, both content and pedagogical content knowledge, in mediating learning about writing in the classroom. It also illustrates how students’ learning about writing is influenced by teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge. The study highlights that grammatical pedagogical content knowledge is more significant than grammatical content knowledge in supporting meaningful...
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...Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank to accompany A First Look at Communication Theory Sixth Edition Em Griffin Wheaton College prepared by Glen McClish San Diego State University and Emily J. Langan Wheaton College Published by McGrawHill, an imprint of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright Ó 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997, 1994, 1991 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in print form solely for classroom use with A First Look At Communication Theory provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any other form or for any other purpose without the prior written consent of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. PREFACE Rationale We agreed to produce the instructor’s manual for the sixth edition of A First Look at Communication Theory because it’s a first-rate book and because we enjoy talking and writing about pedagogy. Yet when we recall the discussions we’ve had with colleagues about instructor’s manuals over the years, two unnerving comments stick with us: “I don’t find them much help”; and (even worse) “I never look at them.” And, if the truth be told, we were often the people making such points! With these statements in mind, we have done some serious soul-searching about the texts that so many teachers—ourselves...
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...English Language Proficiency Assessment in the Nation: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PRACTICE Edited by Jamal Abedi U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A , D AV I S • S C H O O L O F E D U C A T I O N Copyright © 2007 The Regents of the University of California The work reported herein was supported in part by the National Research and Development Centers, PR/Award Number R305A050004, as administered by the U.S. Department of Education’s Institute of Education Sciences (IES). The findings and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of the Institute of Education Sciences, or the U.S. Department of Education. T his study required the participation of all fifty states, their assessment directors, particularly those involved with the NCLB Title III assessments. Their cooperation and patience is much appreciated, and their dedication to educating young people is greatly admired. We cannot thank the states enough for their collaboration with this project. Many people generously contributed to the development of this report. We are especially indebted to the chapter authors for their invaluable contributions and for their patience throughout this process. Sue Rigney from the U.S. Department of Education contributed greatly to the quality of this work by providing excellent comments and suggestions. We are so grateful for her support, advice and contribution to this report. Kathleen Leos of the U.S...
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...S ARAH B ROWN W ESSLING 2010 N ATIONAL T EACHER OF THE Y EAR M A K I N G A D I F F E R E N C E – S H A P I N G T H E F U T U R E SARAH BROWN WESSLING 2010 Iowa Teacher of the Year Johnston High School Johnston, IA School profile: Students in district: Students in building: Suburban 5700 1250 Teaching area: Teaching level: Years in teaching: Years in present position: 2010 National Teacher of the Year Sarah Brown Wessling English 10 - 12 11 10 Page 1 II. Educational History and Professional Development Activities: DEEPENING THE LAYERS ACADEMIC BACKGROUND Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Master of Arts, August, 2003. • MAJOR: English. Specialization: Literature. • THESIS TITLE: Using Literary Theory in an Advanced Placement English Classroom. • AWARDS: o Excellence in Research for Master's thesis, 2003. o Albert Walker Excellence in English Award, 2003. o Critical Writing Award (for critical scholarship), 2003. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Bachelor of Arts, Graduated with distinction, May 1998. • MAJOR: English Education. • Honors: o Phi Beta Kappa Liberal Arts and Sciences Honor Society, 1998. o Mortar Board Honor Society, VICE PRESIDENT, 1997-1998. o Phi Kappa Phi International Honor Society, 1997-1998. o Kappa Delta Pi, FOUNDATION REPRESENTATIVE, 1997-1998. o Golden Key National Honor Society, 1996-1998. o Dean's List: 1995-1998. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Johnston Community School District, Johnston...
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...some pedagogical processes that are salient at all levels, such as word recognition, vocabulary, and comprehension), we took a different approach. We decided to focus on reading as a fundamentally cognitive process that can be influenced by contextual forces at many levels, most notably for education, schools, and policy environments. Thus we deal with the fundamental psychological aspects of reading—word level processes (including subword processes such as phonological awareness and decoding, word reading, and vocabulary, with all of its entailments), and text-level processes as they are grounded in structures, genres, and disciplinary knowledge pursuits. After the account of these cognitive processes, we turn to a setting-level analysis, in which we examine word- and text level processes within schooling (including instruction in English language arts and the subject matters of history and science) and policy contexts. As we unpack each...
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