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Starbucks

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4. Realice un análisis y diagnóstico de la Cadena de Valor de Starbucks. (Dato: Ahora sí analice la empresa).

A continuación se presenta un cuadro resumen del análisis de la Cadena de Valor de la compañía.

Análisis y diagnóstico

De acuerdo a lo leído en el texto, Starbucks, como la distinguida empresa que es, tiene un producto diferenciado a través de distintos niveles. En cada nivel de la cadena de valor, Starbucks realiza alguna actividad, con el fin rediferenciar su servicio, al momento de servir café.
Todo comienza con las actividades primarias, lo fundamental, el proceso de logística interna (o de entrada). En este punto se destaca detallado registro de los pedidos, gracias a los cuales los proveedores son capaces de decirle a la compañía con una anticipación considerable (meses), para cuando obtendrán el grano y si será o no posible satisfacer la demanda. De esta manera, Starbucks tiene tiempo para contactar a otro proveedor, asegurando así, su abastecimiento. Otra actividad importante que la empresa realiza en este punto, es el testeo de los granos, ya que asegura la calidad del producto. También se encuentra la importante cantidad de proveedores que tiene la empresa alrededor del mundo (50% en América Latina, 35% en el Sudeste Asiático y el 15% restante de África Oriental), lo que asegura aprovisionamiento constante y alta variedad de cafés para cualquier época del año.

En cuanto a las operaciones, Starbucks tiene una alta rotación de inventarios, lo que asegura un producto fresco. También cabe destacar el sistema de previsión de demanda de café, el cual es capaz de predecir donde y cuando se necesitará, lo que facilita un abastecimiento rápido, de hecho la compañía dice tener los mejores índices de tiempo de logística en todo el sector. En fin, la empresa se hace asesorar por expertos y busca la máxima eficiencia en sus procesos, realizando constantes mejoras, sugiriendo ideas nuevas, actualizando equipos, etc.

OPERACIONES | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Tecnologías de proceso | | | | | | Alcance del producto e introducción de nuevos productos | | | | | | Gestión de calidad | | | | | | Relaciones con los proveedores | | | | | | Organización de fabricación | | | | | | Disponibilidad de materias primas | | | | | | Sistemas de gestión de logística | | | | | | Calidad | | | | | | Adquisiciones | | | | | | Productividad | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

La logística de salida, Starbucks la realiza a través de cuatro canales, el canal de venta a publico, el canal de ventas al por mayor, ventas por correo y finalmente el canal de ventas a tiendas de comestibles. El canal de ventas por correo se aplica para la gente que no tiene un café cercano al lugar en donde se desenvuelve. Este servicio les presta mayor comodidad e información acerca de la gama de productos que ofrece la compañía. El canal de ventas a tiendas de comestibles, es algo que (según el texto), empezará a cobrar fuerza luego. Dado que el 70-80% de las ventas de café para uso doméstico se realizan en los supermercados, y que la gran mayoría de la gente, una vez que prueba una vez el café Premium, no lo deja, Starbucks ve una buena oportunidad de negocio en este segmento del mercado.
En marketing y ventas, si bien la empresa ha estado muy concentrada en lo que es la “construcción de marca” en cuanto a calidad del producto, proceso de producción, merchandising, etc. Ha sido realmente el enfoque distinto acerca de las necesidades del consumidor, lo que le ha generado una diferenciación. Los locales y su ambientación, la música, la variedad de productos a escoger, en fin, la experiencia que se tiene en la cafetería es la herramienta más poderosa que tiene la empresa para poder diferenciarse. Ahora bien, si eso se complementa con la estrategia que tiene Starbucks para la adquisición de locales en puntos clave, se obtiene un excelente resultado. Buena rentabilidad por local, sumado a un servicio de gran calidad, y como agregado, el “poder de marca”.Todo o anterior, les permite darse el lujo de tener precios más caros que el resto. Dado lo anterior, se confeccionó el siguiente cuadro para evaluar esta área.

COMERCIALIZACIÓN Y VENTAS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Definición y análisis de los mercados | | | | | | Estrategia del producto y/o servicio | | | | | | Desarrollo e introducción de nuevos productos | | | | | | Estrategia de distribución | | | | | | Estrategia de precios | | | | | | Estrategia de promoción y publicidad | | | | | | Organización de comercialización | | | | | | Ubicación y número de lugares de venta | | | | | | Recursos humanos | | | | | | Sistemas de distribución | | | | | | Investigación de mercados | | | | | | Alianzas estratégicas | | | | | | Competitividad en precios | | | | | | Amplitud de líneas de productos | | | | | | Lealtad de marca | | | | | | Productividad de las fuerzas de ventas | | | | | | Productividad de la distribución y servicio | | | | | | Imagen del negocio | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

El servicio de post-venta, viene dado por los mismos “baristas”, estos dan consejos para una mejor preparación del café, también acerca de la combinación más conveniente después de consumir un tipo de comida, el trato que se le brinda al cliente, el servicio, etc.

Siguiendo con la cadena de valor, aparecen las actividades secundarias, entre las cuales figuran, el abastecimiento, el cual, como se ha visto anteriormente, se basa en la calidad. Starbucks asegura la calidad de todo lo que adquiere, desde la materia prima, hasta sus locales. Como se vio anteriormente, esta actividad consiste en apoyar ciertas áreas de las actividades primarias (como lo es el sistema de aseguramiento de la calidad del café para las materias primas), también la adquisición de locales, ya que Starbucks, es propietaria de sus locales, a excepción de los que tienen convenios con empresas externas como United Airlines, Aramark, y otras. A todo lo anterior se le suma la alta rotación de inventarios, la gran variedad de productos y proveedores alrededor del mundo y la excelente relación con ellos, lo que asegura un abastecimiento de continuo y de calidad. Se confeccionó el siguiente cuadro para evaluar el área, según la información del texto.

ADQUISISIONES | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Selección, evaluación y desarrollo de proveedores | | | | | | Gestión de calidad de productos comprados | | | | | | Gestión de materiales de productos comprados | | | | | | Análisis de valor precio/costo | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

Luego se tiene la tecnología, en la cual Starbucks invierte de manera muy consiente, como por ejemplo la tostadora programada por computador, la cual controla la temperatura y el tiempo del proceso de manera muy rigurosa, obteniendo y producto uniforme y de calidad. Un segundo ejemplo sería su proceso de elaboración y distribución en circuito cerrado, el cual preserva el café del oxígeno, desde su producción, hasta su distribución. La Investigación y Desarrollo es algo que tampoco se puede pasar por alto dentro de este punto. También se fortalece a través de alianzas estratégicas, como lo son Pepsi Co. y el desarrollo del frappuccino (beida helada de café), o el ejemplo de la alianza con Dreyer’s Ice Cream, para crear un helado con café, los cuales proveen fuentes de ingresos nuevas, a través de ideas innovadoras y combinación de tecnologías.

TECNOLOGÍAS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Selección de tecnología | | | | | | Momento oportuno de introducción de tecnologías | | | | | | Modos de adquisición de tecnologías | | | | | | Organización de proyectos | | | | | | Desarrollo de nuevos productos | | | | | | Investigación y Desarrollo | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

Por la parte de la gestión de recursos humanos, se tiene el buen trato, la fuerte cultura de respeto, colaboración y constante aprendizaje del personal. La alta capacitación de los trabajadores, ya que TODO el personal tiene que atender a público por lo menos durante 2 semanas antes de acceder a realizar tu tarea definitiva en la empresa, al igual que antes de ser calificados para eso, tienen que hacer un curso de 24 de capacitación. También tienen los beneficios de salud, seguros de vida e invalidez, regalías (derecho a 1/2 kilo de café gratis por semana), entre otros. El otro punto importante, es que la empresa siempre acuerda reuniones entre los ejecutivos y el personal de campo para recibir información de las preferencias de los clientes y realizar debates. El contacto constante entre estas dos partes de la empresa, hace todo más fácil, ya que los directivos pueden orientar mejor la política empresarial hacia las necesidades que se vayan captando por el personal de campo y los clientes.

GESTIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Selección, promoción y colocación | | | | | | Sistema de evaluación | | | | | | Sistema de recompensas | | | | | | Relaciones trabajadores/empresa y participación | | | | | | Capacitación | | | | | | Gestión de recursos humanos e infrestructura | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

Luego, la infraestructura gerencial, la cual, según el texto era muy plana y simple. Un punto muy importante a acotar dentro de este tema, radica en la capacidad y experiencia en el personal directivo contratado, ya que la mayoría tenía experiencia en gestionar empresas minoristas de alto crecimiento, por esa razón la mayoría de ellos venía desde empresas como Taco Bell, McDonalds, Wendy’s, Hallmark o Blockbuster. También figura la fuerte preocupación por la ética y el medio ambiente, así como la presencia de una cultura corporativa muy fuerte, un excelente manejo financiero (el valor de las acciones se ha disparado a través del tiempo y sigue creciendo), entre otras fortalezas.

INFRAESTRUCTURA GERENCIAL | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Sistema de planificación | | | | | | Sistema de control de gestión | | | | | | Sistema de comunicación e información | | | | | | Estructura de la organización | | | | | | Cultura corporativa | | | | | | Capacidad de liderazgo | | | | | | Imagen corporativa | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

Para terminar, se tiene el margen, el cual refleja todo el valor agregado que el producto tiene para el cliente. El margen de precios de Starbucks es bastante alto, lo que le permite tener excelentes retornos, esto sumado al constante aumento de demanda, asegura la sobrevivencia y crecimiento de las ganancias de la empresa. Esto se ve claramente reflejado en las proyecciones que aparecen en los anexos del documento. Realizando un análisis de los ratios y demás informes, es posible realizar el siguiente cuadro de análisis financiero

FINANZAS | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Presupuesto de capital | | | | | | Gestión de patrimonio neto y políticas de dividendo | | | | | | Financiación de deuda a largo plazo | | | | | | Gestión del capital de explotación | | | | | | Gestión tributaria | | | | | | Organización financiera | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

5. ¿Qué fortalezas y debilidades tiene Starbucks con relación a su competencia? Determine las ventajas competitivas de Starbucks. (Apóyese en la pregunta anterior).

Fortalezas de Starbucks: La empresa tiene muchísimas ventajas al momento de compararse con el resto de las cafeterías del segmento. Sin embargo, las principales son definidas a continuación: * Poder de marca. * Liderazgo en su rubro. * Relación con proveedores. * Participación de mercado. * Cultura organizacional.

Debilidades de Starbucks: Las principales debilidades de Starbucks, se deben a su enorme tamaño y gran crecimiento. * El crecimiento tan desmesurado, puede provocar una pérdida de calidad en el producto. * El tamaño de la empresa puede entorpecerla al momento de analizar problemas internos y de gestión. * Necesita constante supervisión y control a medida que crece. * La política de la compra de locales, en lugar de arriendo, le impidió lograr una mejor expansión durante algún tiempo. Esto se solucionó en parte con las alianzas estratégicas con otras empresas y con la penetración al segmento de los supermercados, lo que le permitió acceder al mercado del café doméstico. * Los costos relacionados al local Starbucks son altos (ambientación, contratos, seguros, regalías y capacitación de personal, maquinarias de la mejor calidad, etc). * Los altos precios de sus productos le impiden acceder a otros segmentos de la población.

Las ventajas competitivas

Starbucks tiene muchas ventajas competitivas con respecto al resto de las cafeterías. Sin embargo, se mencionarán cinco, las cuales se considerarán como las principales. Primero que nada, está el poder de marca de la empresa, todo el mundo conoce a Starbucks y lo que la marca inspira.
Segundo, la diferenciación del producto, llámese producto a la combinación de café, más la ambientación, más el servicio brindado en el local, es en resumen, la experiencia que tiene el cliente al ir al local.
Tercero, la fuerte cultura organizacional
Cuarta, el excelente manejo de recursos en la organización.
Quinto, su poder financiero.

Finalmente, se tiene el siguiente cuadro que permite ver claramente las fortalezas qiue tiene Starbucks, respecto a sus competidores.

FACTORES CRÍTICOS DE ÉXITO | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Infraestructura gerencial | | | | | | Finanzas | | | | | | Gestión de recursos humanos | | | | | | Tecnología | | | | | | Alianzas estratégicas | | | | | | Fabricación | | | | | | Comercialización y ventas | | | | | | Evaluación general | | | | | |
Nota: Los números del 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 significan gran debilidad, leve debilidad, equilibrio, leve fortaleza, y gran fortaleza.

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...Introduction Starbucks has evolved over the years into a retail giant, branching out into new areas and partnering with other giants to get their brand to the masses. There are several reasons why Starbucks is on top of their market, one being the meticulous attention they pay to details. Starbucks prides itself in providing the highest quality product with excellent customer service. Coffee beans were imported from all over the world and freshly roasted in shop. The premium coffee company has a loyal following of coffee and tea consumers imbibing something like a million drinks per week at its 16,000 stores worldwide. The stores were constructed to give the customer a unique and intimate experience upon every visit. The java giant has earned the title of the world's largest coffeehouse company. But Starbucks is also one of those companies people love to hate. Whether it's the issue of recyclable cups, Fair Trade coffees, labor rights, corporate social responsibility, predatory business tactics, or over-roasted coffee, there's no shortage of strong anti-Starbucks sentiments these days. The collected data was not only showing a lack of image and product differentiation between Starbucks’ products and other smaller coffee chains but also a discontent with customer service. The branding strategy followed by the coffee company had three main components. First was the coffee itself that was believed to be the highest-quality coffee in the world, sourced from Africa. The second...

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Starbucks

...Starbucks Company Learning Team A ECO365 Principles of Microeconomics University of Phoenix February 6, 2012. Prof. Carlos Mendez Starbucks Company Named after the first mate in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, in 1971 the first Starbucks opens in Seattle. At the beginning we just wanted to be a small store, a retailer of whole and ground bean coffee, tea and spices. With a mission, to inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person one cup and one neighborhood at a time. The integration of Howard Schultz in 1982, as director of retail operations and marketing brought new ideas and products. In 1983 Howard travelled to Italy and was impressed with the espresso bar in Milan. He then convinced the founders of Starbucks to try the coffeehouse approach and the first Starbucks® Caffé Latte was served. By the 1990 a total of 84 stores were opened in the United States. In 1998 the Starbucks brand coffee could be found in supermarkets or in one of the 2,498 stores. Not only was the company growing but the ideas and new products had an impact worldwide. In 2001 with 4,709 stores opened an ethical coffee sourcing guidelines where implemented and on 2006 with 15, 011 stores the first paper beverage...

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Starbucks

... Starbuck's Coffee If you ask any person outside the United States what are the foods associated with Americans the first thing out of their mouths are McDonalds’s and Starbucks. It is almost impossible to travel more than fifty miles and not see one of these companies. Starbucks Corporation is an international Coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, USA. Starbucks has more than 17,000 stores all over the world. Starbucks sells all different kinds of brewed coffee, espresso hot drinks, all different kinds of teas and many other hot or cold drinks along with selling their own coffee beans and if you really love the Starbucks name you are able to purchase all different kinds of mugs, cups and presents inside all of their stores. Starbucks is part of the American culture, it has created a generation where they view Starbucks as not just a coffee store but a place where the customer can go and relax with their laptop at the same time as sipping a great cup of coffee. It is unbeatable that Starbucks definitely sells not just a regular cup of coffee, as per their mission statement: “to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time.” (Farris, 2012,)What Starbucks is doing worldwide is selling an experience that the American culture quickly became to love. If Starbucks were to open a store in Italy it would face some major differences, first the cultural differences. Italians have a total different way of how they consume coffee which is...

Words: 688 - Pages: 3