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...location and cable installation, while logical topology shows how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates, and/or signal types may differ between two networks, yet their topologies may be identical. A good example is a local area network (LAN): Any given node in the LAN has one or more physical links to other devices in the network; graphically mapping these links results in a geometric shape that can be used to describe the physical topology of the network. Conversely, mapping the data flow between the components determines the logical topology of the network. Contents * 1 Topology * 1.1 Point-to-point * 1.2 Bus * 1.3 Star * 1.4 Ring * 1.5 Mesh * 1.6 Tree * 1.6.1 Advantages * 1.6.2 Disadvantages * 1.7 Hybrid * 1.8 Daisy chain * 2 Centralization * 3 Decentralization * 4 See also * 5 References * 6 External links Topology There are two basic categories of network topologies:[4] 1. Physical topologies 2. Logical topologies The shape of the cabling layout used to link devices is called the physical topology of the network. This refers to the layout of cabling, the locations of nodes, and the interconnections between the nodes and the cabling.[1] The physical topology of a network is determined by the capabilities of the network access devices and media, the level of......
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...B) you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Supercluster, Local Group C) you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Milky Way, Local Supercluster D) you, Earth, Local Group, Local Supercluster, solar system, Milky Way E) you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Group, Local Supercluster Answer: E 3) About where is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? A) at the center of the galaxy B) about 10 percent of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk C) about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk D) near the far outskirts of the galactic disk E) in the halo of the galaxy above the galactic disk Answer: C 4) Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy? A) 1 billion B) 100 billion C) 10 billion D) 100 million E) 100 trillion Answer: B 5) Modern telescopes are capable of seeing bright galaxies up to about A) 1 million light-years away. B) 10 million light-years away. C) 1 billion light-years away. D) 10 billion light-years away. E) 1 trillion light-years away. Answer: D 6) Suppose we imagine the Sun to be about the size of a grapefruit. How big an area would the orbits of the eight planets of the solar system cover? A) the size of a typical dorm room B) the size of a typical campus building...
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...THE STAR MODEL JAY R. GALBRAITH The Star Model framework for organization design is the foundation on which a company bases its design choices. The framework consists of a series of design policies that are controllable by management and can influence employee behavior. The policies are the tools with which management must become skilled in order to shape the decisions and behaviors of their organizations effectively. What is the Star Model? The organization design framework portrayed in Figure 1 is called the “Star Model.” In the Star Model, design policies fall into five categories. The first is strategy, which determines direction. The second is structure, which determines the location of decision-making power. The third is processes, which have to do with the flow of information; they are the means of responding to information technologies. The fourth is rewards and reward systems, which influence the motivation of people to perform and address organizational goals. The fifth category of the model is made up of policies relating to people (human resource policies), which influence and frequently define the employees’ mind-sets and skills. Figure 1—The Star Model JAY R. GALBRAITH THE STAR MODEL 2 Strategy Strategy is the company’s formula for winning. The company’s strategy specifies the goals and objectives to be achieved as well as the values and missions to be pursued; it sets out the basic direction of the company. The strategy specifically......
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...THE STAR MODEL™ JAY R. GALBRAITH The Star Model™ framework for organization design is the foundation on which a company bases its design choices. The framework consists of a series of design policies that are controllable by management and can influence employee behavior. The policies are the tools with which management must become skilled in order to shape the decisions and behaviors of their organizations effectively. What is the Star Model™? The organization design framework portrayed in Figure 1 is called the “Star Model™.” In the Star Model™, design policies fall into five categories. The first is strategy, which determines direction. The second is structure, which determines the location of decision-making power. The third is processes, which have to do with the flow of information; they are the means of responding to information technologies. The fourth is rewards and reward systems, which influence the motivation of people to perform and address organizational goals. The fifth category of the model is made up of policies relating to people (human resource policies), which influence and frequently define the employees’ mind-sets and skills. Figure 1—The Star Model™ © Jay R. Galbraith. Do not post, publish or reproduce without permission. Strategy Strategy is the company’s formula for winning. The company’s strategy specifies the goals and objectives to be achieved as well as the values and missions to be pursued; it sets out the......
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...the command window, when the utility to show the IP address and other NIC information is run, the MAC address is listed as the Physical address in the third section of the information. All NICs on the same network must use the same frame type, or they will not be able to comunicate with other NICs. 67.21.321.4 is not a valid IP address, as the third octet (321) is greater than 255. IP uses a rather unique dotted decimal notation (sometimes referred to as a dotted-octet numbering system) based on four 8-bit numbers. Each 8-bit number ranges from 0-255, and the four numbers are separated by periods. The TCP/IP model has four layers (Link, Internet, Transport, Application), unlike the OSI model which has seven layers. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol, meaning, it requires verification that a good connection has been established before transmission can begin. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless protocol, meaning, it transmits without verifying the connection. UDP is useful for things such as streaming video or audio. The maximum distance between the hub and the node for 100BaseTX (100BaseT) is 100 meters. 100BaseTX, also known as 100BaseT, uses CAT 5e or better UTP or STP cables with RJ-45 connectors. When a NIC first...
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...the command window, when the utility to show the IP address and other NIC information is run, the MAC address is listed as the Physical address in the third section of the information. All NICs on the same network must use the same frame type, or they will not be able to comunicate with other NICs. 67.21.321.4 is not a valid IP address, as the third octet (321) is greater than 255. IP uses a rather unique dotted decimal notation (sometimes referred to as a dotted-octet numbering system) based on four 8-bit numbers. Each 8-bit number ranges from 0-255, and the four numbers are separated by periods. The TCP/IP model has four layers (Link, Internet, Transport, Application), unlike the OSI model which has seven layers. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol, meaning, it requires verification that a good connection has been established before transmission can begin. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless protocol, meaning, it transmits without verifying the connection. UDP is useful for things such as streaming video or audio. The maximum distance between the hub and the node for 100BaseTX (100BaseT) is 100 meters. 100BaseTX, also known as 100BaseT, uses CAT 5e or better UTP or STP cables with RJ-45 connectors. When a NIC first...
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...adventure that would do more than just entertain the audience for an hour and thirty-one minutes. A film with a name would be known throughout the globe, Star Wars. The first Star Wars movie spawned forth a universe in which fans dreamed they could become a part of. Despite all of its box office success, the greatest accomplishment of the Star Wars universe, was the change it caused to cultures worldwide. Star Wars pioneered modern cinema, brought upon us a new age of thinking, and created fans whose passion knows no bounds. Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope was the first film to be released in what is now known as “The Original Trilogy.” Along with its successors Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, A New Hope showed film studios and filmmakers around the world that movie trilogies can be extremely successful. With such an elaborate and lengthy storyline that spans across the three movies, it kept audiences entertained for years to come. This paved the way for many of the trilogies we see coming to theatres today. The box office successes of these films opened the door for an even greater success in merchandising. While the current revenue of the box office sales is estimated to be $4,277,000,000 the sales from toys alone is estimated at $12,000,000,000 and that number is increasing every day.[1] The success that Star Wars had from its...
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...LOCKHEED TRI STAR CASE STUDY 10/18/2010 Group #8 Case Write-Up Lockheed Tri Star Case Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Although highly regarded by the military, Lockheed sought to move into the lucrative civilian commercial aviation sector and compete with Boeing, McDonnell Douglas and Airbus. Lockheed began design and testing in 1966 on their entry, the “Tri Star”, which boasted a range of over 6,000 miles with nearly 400 passengers and speeds of close to 600 mph. They had already invested nearly $900 million in development costs. Carried by state of the art Rolls Royce turbofan engines, the L-1011 was by all accounts, a technological winner and might be the company’s ticket back to solvency. The summer of 1971 found the once formidable company on the brink of disaster. Despite the nearly a $1 billion in sunk costs, Lockheed was in need of $250 million more to bring the plane to market, but its bankers would not commit without federal loan guarantees. Spokespersons for Lockheed claimed before Congress that the Tri-Star program was economically sound and that their problem was mere liquidity crisis. However, opposition to the guarantee focused on estimated break-even sales – the number of jets that would need to be sold for total revenue to cover all accumulated costs. This case illustrates the importance of NPV analysis in capital budgeting. We examined the decision to invest in the Tri-Star project by forecasting the cash flow associated with the......
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...are the remains of dead stars and others are star nurseries. Dark nebulae are found in areas with no nearby stars. These clouds do not emit or reflect enough light for them to be visible. In fact, the view from the stars behind them is usually blotted out by the dust particles. This paper will exclusively explore on dark nebulae. Normally, these clouds range from 1-10 AU and are less dense than the deepest vacuum in the laboratories of the Earth. They are also thick such that they obscure light from the stars behind them. However, the size of these clouds can be from a few light years up to 600 light years. Additionally, the total mass of dark nebulae can reach several million masses of solar. These clouds can appear to be big depending on the number of stars in it. If there are many stars, the clouds will appear huge, but it can appear small if there are a few stars in it. These clouds existed from a long time ago. Claudius Ptolemaeus did the first record of stars that appeared to be nebulous around 150 AD. Since then, many astronomers have continued discovering these clouds until an American astronomer Beverly Turner Lynds compiled and published a survey of dark nebulas in the year 1960. However, it is true to say that dark nebulae existed a long time ago even before the manufacture of the first instrument or device that could observe and discover the clouds. Traditionally people used to view these clouds as a bright patch in the milk way even without noticing what they......
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...Points to note 1. Registration Procedures Originals of ALL academic award certificates, relevant transcripts and professional certificates claimed in / attached to your application will be checked during your registration. Failure to bring along any of these items will affect your registration. If the original certificates produced do not tally with the information given in your application, you will be disqualified. Fees paid will not be refunded. In case of loss of the original certificates, please request the issuing body to send an official transcript / testimonial direct to the Academic Secretariat, PolyU. If you fail to complete the necessary procedures, or if your full fee payment has not been properly received, the University will release your study place to other eligible applicants immediately. All fees paid will not be refunded. For reinstatement of offer, you must submit an application to your department for consideration. You will get a PolyU Student Identity Card after completing the registration procedures. Your data together with the photo image (collected upon acceptance of offer) will then be transferred to the Student Record System of PolyU. These will be used in activities and services provided by units of the University in support of your study at PolyU including those conducted by the student organisations and application for student residence. Your data may also be transferred to parties outside PolyU for processing student visa (for......
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...low. Each menu item is also classified as high or low by its popularity. A menu mix percentage for the item is established by dividing the total count of the item in the total count of all menu items. The dividing point for establishing low or high popularity is calculated by multiplying 70% by 1/n, where n equals the number of competing menu items. The profitability and popularity classifications of each menu item results in four categories. A menu item with higher than average popularity and profitability is referred to as a Star, while an item with higher than average profitability and lower than average popularity is called a Puzzle. Menu items with lower than average profitability and higher than average popularity are called Plow Horses. Finally, menu items with lower than average profitability and popularity, are considered Dogs (Schmidgall, 1997). After menu items are classified according to profitability and popularity, each menu item’s share of the total menu profit needs to be determined. This is accomplished by a two-step Profit Factor (PF) calculation (Bell, 2002). First, the average CM is determined by dividing the total menu CM by the number of menu items. The total...
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...Introduction The STAR organization has only done business locally in Leeds in the United Kingdom, and seeks to expand its business on a global scale. To make this happen, STAR would require developing a competitive strategy which in due course helps the organization in achieving a competitive advantage. This report will touch on how an information system can greatly benefit STAR in terms of global expansion and change the dynamics of running businesses efficiently, as well as the impact of having it. Without a doubt, any new implementations to any organization will have its advantages and disadvantages, but the latter can be kept to the minimum, or even eliminated, if appropriately dealt with. 1 – Potential of IT systems The Ansoff Growth Matrix is a marketing planning tool which aids a business in defining its product and market growth strategy. As shown below (Fig 1.1), market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the STAR organization seeks growth by targeting its existing products to new market segments (QuickMBA, undated). Fig 1.1 – Ansoff product/market growth matrix (taken from http://www.tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm) The major goal of market development is to attract a new customer segment, using a slightly different strategy, into consuming an existing product (Ansoff, 1984, p455). According to Riley (2012), various market development strategies include; * New distribution channels i.e. changing the way how STAR......
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...Advertising of Lux in India Selection of Media: There are number of Sources available for passing the product message. These are as follows; Television Radio Outdoor- Billboards, Magazines Newspapers Brochures Internet Lux has made it a point to use every above source for its advertisement. However the most frequent source used is television. Lux was launched in India in 1929. Its slogan was “the beauty soap of film stars.” The first advertisement was by actress Leela Chitnis as the brand ambassador. It has heavily advertised in India using Bollywood actresses as its brand ambassadors from Asha Parekh, Mala Singh, Hema Malini, Rekha, Kareena Kapoor Khan, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Priyanka Chopra and Katrina Kaif in the latest ads. The brand had used male actors only twice in its advertisements – Shahrukh Khan was featured on the completion of the 75th years of Lux soap brand in 2005. Lux ad with the brand ambassador Leela Chitnis. Shah Rukh Khan with the four Ladies Aishwariya Rai Bachchan with Abhishek Bachchan. Abhishek Bachchan came along with Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in the year 2009 which was aired along with a promotional offer. Katrina Kaif has been roped in to becoming the brand ambassador of Lux. In the advertisement of July, 2012, that stars both Katrina Kaif and Shahrukh Khan in the campaign, endorsed two variants of the Lux soap – Lux Peach and Cream and Lux Strawberry and Cream. The fragrance of the new Lux soap stands for......
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...Top Data Management Terms to Know Fifteen essential definitions you need to know Fifteen Essential Data Management Terms We know it’s not always easy to keep up-to-date Contents with the latest data management terms. That’s why we have put together the top fifteen terms and definitions that you and your peers need to know. OLAP (online analytical processing) Star schema What is OLAP (online analytical processing) Fact table OLAP (online analytical processing) is computer processing that enables a Big data analytics Data modeling Ad hoc analysis user to easily and selectively extract and view data from different points of view. For example, a user can request that data be analyzed to display a spreadsheet showing all of a company's beach ball products sold in Florida in the month of July, compare revenue figures with those for the same products in September, and then see a comparison of other product sales in Data visualization Extract, transform, load (ETL) Florida in the same time period. To facilitate this kind of analysis, OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional database. Whereas a relational database can be thought of as two-dimensional, a multidimensional database considers each data attribute (such as product, geographic sales region, and time Association rules (in data mining) Relational database period) as a separate "dimension." OLAP software can locate the intersection of dimensions (all products sold in......
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...To explain the photoelectric effect, Einstein came up with the photon hypothesis. The energy of a photon is associated with its frequency with the relation (1.1) Where h is the Planck constant. And to solve the paradox that electrons goes around the nuclear without electromagnetic radiation, Bohr put forward the atom model. In this theory the electrons have stationary orbits (1.2) Where is called the reduced mass. When the electrons transit from the high energy levels to the lower ones, the energy of the photons emitted is just the energy difference between two levels. In terms of the wavenumber 1.2 The Pickering Series and the Hydrogen-like Ions In our textbook the Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics by Fujia Yang it talked about the hydrogen-like ions. And the first well-researched hydrogen-like atom is the helium ions, and this ion...
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