...Notes for Statistics 3011 University of Minnesota Fall 2012 Section 010 Instructor: Shanshan Ding Notes accompany the Third Edition of Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning From Data by Alan Agresti and Christine Franklin Contents CHAPTER 9: HYPOTHESIS TESTS 9.1 Elements of a Hypothesis Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Normal Hypothesis Test for Population Proportion p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 The t-Test: Hypothesis Testing for Population Mean µ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 Possible Errors in Hypothesis Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Limitations and Common Misinterpretations of Hypothesis Testing . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 10 15 17 Stat 3011 Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9: HYPOTHESIS TESTS Motivating Example A diet pill company advertises that at least 75% of its customers lose 10 pounds or more within 2 weeks. You suspect the company of falsely advertising the benefits of taking their pills. Suppose you take a sample of 100 product users and find that only 5% have lost at least 10 pounds. Is this enough to prove your claim? What about if 72% had lost at least 10 pounds? Goal: 9.1 Elements of a Hypothesis Test 1. Assumptions 2. Hypotheses Each hypothesis test has two hypotheses about the population: Null Hypothesis (H0 ): Alternative Hypothesis (Ha ): 1 Stat 3011 Chapter 9 Diet Pill Example: Let p = true proportion of diet pill customers that lose at least...
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...ACC 410 Assignment 1 Financial Statement / Audit Report Review Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/acc-410-assignment-1-financial-statement-audit-report-review/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com Assignment 1: Financial Statement / Audit Report Review Due Week 4 and worth 240 points Select one (1) local government in your state or area and review the financial statements and audit report for the county or municipality. The financial statements of the government you selected should have at least three (3) funds. Refer to the continuing problem homework for Weeks 1 through 3 for this assignment. Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you: 1.Compare and contrast the comprehensive annual financial report (CAFR) of the selected local government entity with the city of Austin report from Week 1 homework. In your comparison, include: a.Publication method of the CAFR b.Audit and budget information in the CAFR c.The type of audit report issued d.Existence or non-existence of an internal audit function within the government entity 2.Prepare the analysis for the selected local government entity, including information on the introduction, financial section, and statistical section prepared in the city of Austin’s CAFR from chapter 2. 3.Analyze the methods used by the selected local government entity in comparing...
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...BUS 308 Week 2 Download 100% accurate A++ and most economical answer from here http://www.homeworkmarket.com/content/bus-308-week-2-5173059-2 http://www.homeworkmarket.com/content/bus-308-week-2-5173059-2 Week 2 Testing means In questions 2 and 3, be sure to include the null and alternate hypotheses you will be testing. In the first 3 questions use alpha = 0.05 in making your decisions on rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. 1 Below are 2 one-sample t-tests comparing male and female average salaries to the overall sample mean. (Note: a one-sample t-test in Excel can be performed by selecting the 2-sample unequal variance t-test and making the second variable = Ho value -- see column S) Based on our sample, how do you interpret the results and what do these results suggest about the population means for male and female average salaries? Males Females Ho: Mean salary = 45 Ho: Mean salary = 45 Ha: Mean salary =/= 45 Ha: Mean salary =/= 45 Note: While the results both below are actually from Excel's t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances, having no variance in the Ho variable makes the calculations default to the one-sample t-test outcome - we are tricking Excel into doing a one sample test for us. Male Ho Female Ho Mean 52 45...
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...FITNESS JOURNAL ALPHA CYCLE • DAY 1 • WEEK 1 “Today is Day 1 of the new you. Make every second count.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ • DAY 2 NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT REMINDER: Take your “before” photo and enter your stats on the measurement chart located in the Quick-Start Guide or on p. 12 of this journal. “It’s 25 minutes to change your life, so just push through.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT • DAY 3 “Today is about progress, not perfection.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT • DAY 4 “It ain’t easy, but it’s worth it.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT • DAY 5 “First Double Day! Do your best and don’t quit!” NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT Today’s Workouts: _________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT WEEK 1 Weight Chest Waist Arm • STATURDAY Thigh 2 ALPHA CYCLE • DAY 1 • WEEK 2 “Weekend is over, now it’s T-time. Let’s get into...
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...An research of the seasonalities in the Pakistan’s Stock Market: Monday, January and the Ramadan Effect . Hanan Abdul Razaq 10th March 2009 Acknowledgements I am indebted to my dissertation lecturer for his help and guidance throughout the project. I would also like to thank my family and friends for their unconditional support and understanding throughout the year specially during the crucial times when my head Was down but they gave me that extra strength and support to push forward and Complete this project on time. Abstract In recent years, we have observed an increase in interest from both individuals’ institutions and investors in emerging markets. It’s important for the investors to know whether the market is efficient, inefficient or neutral. This study wishes to document the Pakistani market and their Stock Exchange by looking at the existence of Calendar Anomalies such Monday effect and the January effect. Secondly this study investigates the presence of the so-called Moving Calendar anomaly, the “Ramadan Effect”. The following three indices are used: KSE-100, LSE-25 and ISE-10. An OLS regression and a GARCH (1,1) methodology will be used for the testing daily, weekly and monthly returns. The findings of this study shows the existence of Monday effect in ISE-10 index using...
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...CYCLE • Day 1 • Week 1 “Today is Day 1 of the new you. Make every second count.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ ■ ■ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT REMINDER: Take your “before” photo and enter your stats on the measurement chart located in the Quick-Start Guide or on p. 12 of this journal. • Day 2 “It’s 25 minutes to change your life, so just push through.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ • Day 3 Notes: __________________________________________________________ BARELY MADE IT ■ ■ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT “It ain’t easy, but it’s worth it.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ Notes: __________________________________________________________ • Day 5 NAILED IT “Today is about progress, not perfection.” Today’s Workout: __________________________________________________ • Day 4 ■ ■ ■ ■ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT “First Double Day! Do your best and don’t quit!” Notes: __________________________________________________________ ■ ■ NAILED IT Today’s Workouts: _________________________________________________ BARELY MADE IT Week 1 Weight Waist Chest • ■ ■ NAILED IT BARELY MADE IT STATURDAY Thigh Arm 2 ALPHA CYCLE • Day 1 • ...
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...(928)342-6500 FAX: (928)342-3868 Office: 8:30am-5pm (closed 12-1) LAB: 7am-4pm Insurances that our lab does not take send to: Sonora Quest(by the hospital 782-1684 or Plaza Lab 317-0920 Dr. Muzyka, M.D Dr. Susavage, DO Dr. LM (Hanif) Dr. Fazil, M.D (Nephrologist, Kidney and Blood Pressure) Dr. Silao, M.D (next door) Sally (M. L M.D.) Dexa(Bone density) Wednesdays-Print her schedule Dr. Babiker M.D (his own office) (928)345-0920 BIO Specialty Pain Clinic Jackie: Office Manager-fax over reports TEL: (928)247-9616 CELL: (928)261-7976 FAX: (928)276-4593 Dr. Shams (Allergist) Dr. Harrington (Neurologist, nerve) Dr. Saleem Chughtai (Pain Specialist) Dr. Shams (Allergist) Nadia(Dr. Muzyka, L M.D)(Mon-Thurs) • Be done with her schedule by 9:45am o Monday, Tuesday- Nadia’s schedule (check for future apts. & what was ordered in previous visit) ), todays horizontals, previous cts, previous MRI, excel sheet, sticky note with previous day’s count ups and todays reminders. o Wednesday- Nadia’s scheduled (check for future apts. & what was ordered in previous visit) ), sallys schedule, todays horizontals, previous cts, previous MRI , excel sheet, sticky note with previous day’s count ups and todays reminders. o Thursday- Nadia’s schddule (check for future apts. & what was ordered in previous visit) ), todays horizontals, previous cts, previous MRI, excel sheet, sticky note with previous day’s count ups and todays reminders. • Print...
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...that gold or silver backing has provided considerable economic benefits in the past. This report briefly reviews the history of the gold standard in the United States. It is intended to clarify the dates during which the standard was used, the type of gold standard in operation at the various times, and the statutory changes used to alter the standard and eventually end it. It is not a discussion of the merits of such a system. The United States began with a bimetallic standard in which the dollar was defined in terms of both gold or silver at weights and fineness such that gold and silver were set in value to each other at a ratio of 15 to 1. Because world markets valued them at a 15½ to 1 ratio, much of the gold left the country and silver was the de facto standard. In 1834, the gold content of the dollar was reduced to make the ratio 16 to 1. As a result, silver left the country and gold became the de facto standard. In addition, gold discoveries drove down the value of gold even more, so that even small silver coins disappeared from circulation. In 1853, the silver content of small coins was reduced below their official...
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...Week 4 Reflection Jennifer Wood Week 4 Reflection When comparing two or more groups there are five tests that are used: Standard T-Test, Paired T-Test, One-Way ANOVA, Two-Way ANOVA, and Linear Regression. The Standard T-Test is the most basic testing when you are comparing the means of exactly two groups. A Paired T-Test is more used in a “Before vs. After” experiment, and is the most sensitive test out of all five. One-Way ANOVA test is just like the T-Test except you can use this test for comparing three or more groups. The Two-Way ANOVA test can be used when comparing three or more groups, which have two different independent variables. According to “Statistical Testing For Dummies!!!" (n.d.), “the Linear Regression test is for comparing the means of groups along a continuum of three or more treatment levels, such as a gradually increasing depth of water” (para. 16). References Statistical Testing for Dummies!!!. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cbgs.k12.va.us/cbgs-document/research/Stats%20For%20Dummies.pdf Footnotes 1[Add footnotes, if any, on their own page following references. For APA formatting requirements, it’s easy to just type your own footnote references and notes. To format a footnote reference, select the number and then, on the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, click Footnote Reference. The body of a footnote, such as this example, uses the Normal text style. (Note: If you delete this sample footnote, don’t forget to delete its in-text reference as...
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...TI-84 Plus TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Guidebook Important Information Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party. © 2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated Windows and Macintosh are trademarks of their respective owners. ii USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference...
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...project KUBS Investment Fund Manager Group 14 (Step 1) For the convenience of problem solving, we solved the problems in following orders: a–c–e–b-d. a) The yearly expected return: First, find the weekly return for each stock by using the formula of: rᵢ=p₁-p₀p₀ Second, for each of the stock, add all of the weekly return and then divide by the number of sample (from Oct 27, 2005 until Oct 19, 2015) to get the average of weekly return. rw=1mnί=1mnrᵢ (where mn is 521) Third, multiply the average of weekly return with 52 weeks to get the yearly average. ry=mrw (where m is 52) b) The standard deviation of estimate in (a): To find the error in the mean estimate, we need to calculate its standard deviation first. S²w=1(mn-1)i=1mn(rᵢ-r)² S²y=mS²w (where mn is 521, m is 52) Therefore, Sy= S²y Next, we can find the error by using the formula stated below: σᵣ=Syn Assume that n=52152is approximately equal to 10 c) The yearly variance of the return: S²w=1(mn-1)i=1mn(rᵢ-r)² (where mn is 521) Note: Since we need to calculate its yearly variance, thus we need to multiply it with 52 weeks. S²y=mS²w (where m is 52) d) The standard deviation of estimate in (c): σs²=2S²y(mn-1) (where mn is 521) e) The yearly standard deviation of the return: By referring to the yearly variance in part (c) that we have calculated, we can then find the yearly standard deviation by square rooting the answer of the variance. S²w=1(mn-1)i=1mn(rᵢ-r)²S²y=mS²w (where mn is 521, m is 52) Therefore...
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...Econometrics (Economics 360) Syllabus: Spring 2015 Instructor: Ben Van Kammen Office: Krannert 531 Office Hours: Friday, 10 a.m.-noon Email: bvankamm@purdue.edu Meeting Location: KRAN G010 Meeting Days/Times: TR 1:30-2:45 p.m. (001) TR 3-4:15 p.m. (002) TR 4:30-5:45 p.m. (003) Course Description This is an upper division economics course required for students pursuing a BS in economics. It is one of the few courses that explicitly covers empirical methods, i.e., the analysis of observed economic behavior in the form of data. Empirics stand in contrast to theory, e.g., micro and macro, about how agents behave. Despite this under-representation, empirical analysis comprises a large part of economists’ workload and is one of the most practical skills that an economics student can learn. Course Objectives In this class students will: 1. perform statistical and practical inference based on the results of empirical analysis, 2. identify useful characteristics of estimators, e.g., unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, 3. state predictions of theoretical economic models in terms of testable hypotheses, 4. model economic relationships using classical methods, such as Ordinary Least Squares, derive the properties of estimators related to these methods, and 5. perform estimation using methods discussed in class using software, 6. perform diagnostic tests that infer whether a model’s assumptions are invalid, 7. evaluate empirical models based on whether their resulting estimators...
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...Manage Risk Risk Analysis Assessment description: Using the information gathered in Assessment Task 1 and the case study provided, examine the likelihood and consequences of identified risks, prioritise the risks and determine options for treatment of each risk. Using this information you are required to develop an action plan for implementing risk treatment, document the plan as required, and communicate the risk management plan to relevant parties. Assessment Questions: 1. Using the case study information provided in this assessment and in Assessment Task 1, develop a report for your manager (assessor) with the headings as described below: a. Likelihood – For each risk, assess the likelihood of the risk occurring. b. Consequence – For each risk, assess the consequence of the risk occurring. c. Priorities – Use a risk calculation table to assist in prioritising the risks. d. Options – For each prioritised risk, outline at least two suitable options for treating the risk. In your report, include an explanation of the process you used to identify risks and assess likelihood, consequence, priority. Also include an explanation of why options you suggest for controlling risk are: i. likely to be effective ii. Feasible for the organization 1. In your report, include an explanation of the process you used to identify risks and assess likelihood, consequence...
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...QUESTION: Does the availability and use of social media on the Internet really provide businesses with new and different useful information? If so, how? If not, why not? MY POSITION: The availability of social media can and will provide business with new and different useful information. DISCUSSION: Social media is now widely used throughout the world. Below are some statistics in the social network use in the United States. * 38,000,000 people in the US age 13 – 80 said their purchasing decisions are influenced by social media, a 14% increase in the past six months (Graham, P., 2011) * 1,000,000 people view customer service related tweets every week, with 80% of them being critical or negative in nature (Dugan, L., 2011) * 132.5 million people in the US will use Facebook this year; by 2013 the number will increase to 152.1 million (Reese, S., 2011) These numbers are still expected to grow in the next couple of years. With the popularity of social media a lot of different use has emerged in the past years. Advertising organizations are now well engage in the social network trends. Advertising through social media can reach not only national customers but global customers. Feedbacks from a consumer using a product can be posted and seen by hundreds if not thousands in a matter of seconds. These feedbacks are very useful quality improvement of a product. This information is essential when competing with hundreds of different organization in the same “playing...
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...AAMJAF, Vol. 4, No. 2, 43–65, 2008 ASIAN ACADEMY of MANAGEMENT JOURNAL of ACCOUNTING and FINANCE THE IMPACT OF DERIVATIVES ON STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY: A STUDY OF THE NIFTY INDEX T. Mallikarjunappa1* and Afsal E. M.2 1 Department of Business Administration, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri – 574199, Mangalore, DK, Karnataka, India 2 School of Management and Business Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills, Kottayam – 686560, Kerala State, India *Corresponding author: tmmallik@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This paper studies the volatility implications of the introduction of derivatives on stock market volatility in India using the S&P CNX Nifty Index as a benchmark. To account for non-constant error variance in the return series, a GARCH model is fitted by incorporating futures and options dummy variables in the conditional variance equation. We find clustering and persistence of volatility before and after derivatives, while listing seems to have no stabilisation or destabilisation effects on market volatility. The postderivatives period shows that the sensitivity of the index returns to market returns and any day-of-the-week effects have disappeared. That is, the nature of the volatility patterns has altered during the post-derivatives period. Keywords: conditional volatility, heteroscedasticity, volatility clustering, market efficiency INTRODUCTION The modelling of asset returns volatility continues to be one of the key areas of financial...
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